biology

A bacterium's capsule serves mainly as a means of movement.

false

Bacteria most often reproduce through __________.

binary fission

In yeast reproduction, part of a cell pinches off to form a new cell, a process called __________.

budding

To maintain homeostasis, protozoans expel excess water using a(n) ___________.

contractile vacuole

A lichen consists of a fungus and a club moss living in a symbiotic relationship

false

All bacteria are heterotrophic.

false

The most visible and recognizable part of a fungus is its reproductive structure called a(n) __________.

fruiting body

Archaea that live in the intestines of animals and that produce gas are known as __________.

methanogens

Fungi that can produce both sexually and asexually are called __________ fungi.

perfect

Algae, diatoms, and other chromists that drift in currents are collectively referred to as __________, an important part of aquatic food webs.

phytoplankton

6. Some protozoans form reproductive __________ protected by a thick cell wall.

spores

P. falciparum, the protozoan that causes malaria, is an example of a parasitic type of protozoan known as a(n) __________.

sporozoan

A bacteriophage can introduce new genetic material into a bacterium through __________.

transduction

A bacterium's DNA is located in its nucleoid.

true

Because they are generally autotrophs, most chromists lack the specialized structures found in protozoans.

true

In transduction, genetic material is transferred from one bacterium to another by a virus.

true

Many fungi live in symbiotic relationships with other organisms.

true

Protozoans can move by means of cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia.

true

Viral diseases can be prevented by developing an effective __________ that boosts the immune system's response to the viral agent.

vaccinew

Explosive growth in the population of a colony of chromists that depletes oxygen in the water or releases harmful chemicals is called a(n) __________.

bloom

A bacterium is protected by a slimy outer coating called a(n) __________.

capsule

Imperfect fungi can reproduce only sexually

false

Interferon works by directly attaching to and destroying viral particles.

false

Kingdom Chromista includes all the photosynthetic protists except algae.

false

Mad cow disease is one disease caused by a virus.

false

Protozoans lack the specialized structures needed to respond to changes in their environment.

false

Protozoans such as paramecia use contractile vacuoles to expel waste products into their environment.

false

The most common form of reproduction for viruses is binary fission.

false

The protozoan shown here will move using its cilia.

false

Unlike protozoans, chromists can reproduce only asexually.

false

You discover a unicellular organism in a pool in an abandoned salt mine. The organism has cell walls, but the walls do not contain peptidoglycan. The new organism is likely a species of bacteria.

false

Many bacteria can move through the use of a(n) ___________.

flagellum

Generally speaking, protozoans are autotrophs, while chromists are heterotrophs.

false

Gram staining is used to determine whether a bacteria causes disease

false

The familiar mushroom or toadstool is a club fungus belonging to the phylum __________.

Basidomycota

Fungal cell walls are made of __________.

chitin

Many protozoans can propel themselves by means of hairlike __________ or whip-like __________.

cilia, flagella

Sexual reproduction in sporozoans happens during __________, in which genetic information is exchanged through a plasma bridge

conjugation

Many protozoans can survive harsh environmental conditions by slowing their metabolism and forming a protective __________.

cyst

A virus may reproduce through either the lytic cycle or the lysogenic cycle, but not both.

false

As in plants, the cell walls of fungi are made of cellulose

false

Asexual reproduction in fungi is limited to budding, as in yeasts.

false

Because protists are relatively simple organisms, their classification has remained largely unchanged since their discovery.

false

Chromists play a relatively small role in marine ecosystems.

false

Cold sores are an example of a disease caused by a bacteria.

false

During conjugation, two bacteria exchange plasmids with each other through a pilus.

false

A symbiotic relationship between a fungus and an alga, in which the fungus provides support and protection for the alga while the alga provides sugars for the fungus, is called a(n) __________.

lichen

If a person suffering from herpes shows no symptoms of the disease, then the herpes virus is in the __________ phase of the infection.

lysogenic

A virus that produces many copies of itself within an infected host cell and then bursts the cell, releasing the copies to infect new host cells, is in the __________ phase of an infection.

lytic

The bacteria that live in the guts of an organism are collectively known as the organism's __________.

microbiota

A bacteria that can cause disease, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, but that is otherwise a normal part of an organism's microbiota is called a(n) __________.

opportunistic pathogens

Substances that cause disease, including bacteria and viruses, are called __________.

pathogens

Archaea can be distinguished from bacteria by the absence of __________ in their cell walls.

peptidoglycan

Many chromists are autotrophs that produce their food through __________.

photosynthesis

Prions are made only of abnormal __________.

proteins

Protozoans and chromists were once classified together as the kingdom __________.

protista

Microorganisms made of eukaryotic cells are collectively known as __________.

protists

Amoeboid movement is carried out with the use of cytoplasm-filled ___________.

pseudopods

HIV/AIDS, a virus that can transcribe its own RNA into a host cell's DNA, is an example of a(n) __________.

retrovirus

A virus in its lysogenic phase may lie dormant for years before reentering the lytic cycle.

true

Bacteria in the human gut serve a variety of functions, including the synthesis of certain vitamins.

true

Bacteria serve a major role as decomposers.

true

Emerging infectious diseases (such as Ebola) often appear suddenly, kill large numbers of victims, then disappear again only to reappear years later.

true

Fungi in the phylum Ascomycota produce spores in tiny sacs.

true

HIV/AIDS is a retrovirus that can force its host cell to transcribe the viral RNA into the host cell's DNA.

true

Many protozoans such as paramecia can reproduce asexually through binary fission.

true

Most protozoans are motile, that is, they are capable of movement.

true

Mushrooms and other fungi are colonies made of interwoven hyphae.

true

Pneumonia and food poisoning are both caused by bacteria that are a normal part of the human microbiota.

true

Protozoans and chromists were formerly classified in a single kingdom—Protista—that is not part of modern taxonomy.

true

Some bacteria are opportunistic pathogens, causing disease only under certain conditions, but are otherwise a normal part of an organism's microbiota.

true

The fruiting body of a fungus, such as a mushroom, is a reproductive structure.

true

The lytic cycle of viral reproduction causes rapid infection and destruction of host cells.

true

The most common form of bacterial reproduction is binary fission.

true

Though prokaryotic, archaea share many characteristics with eukaryotes

true

Though protozoans are an important part of aquatic food chains, many are pathogenic in humans

true

Viroids and prions are infectious particles smaller and simpler than viruses.

true

Viruses are sometimes used as pest control agents.

true

An infectious particle consisting of a circular strand of RNA but lacking a capsid or envelope is a(n) __________.

viroid