Biology Active Transport Test

diffusion

the movement of small molecules moving from high to low concentration with no use of energy

osmosis

the movement of water molecules moving from high to low concentration with no use of energy

neurotransmitter

the process of action potential repeats itself until it reaches the axon where the _____ is released (exocytosis).

channel protein

the protein used in facilitated diffusion and looks like a tunnel (no energy used)

endocytosis

the type of active transport (bulk transport) which includes taking in large objects by surrounding the molecules or objects

pinocytosis

the type of active transport (bulk transport) which includes the intake of liquid food particles

phagocytosis

the type of active transport (bulk transport) which includes the intake of solid food particles

bulk transport

these are examples of what type of active transport: endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis, & exocytosis

exocytosis

type of active transport (bulk transport) where large objects are released from the cell; examples: proteins, waste products, hormones

receptor mediated endocytosis

type of active transport (bulk transport) where the cell identifies what it's taking in by its shape; hormones, proteins, etc.

resting potential

what does this describe? sodium (+) on the outside, potassium and proteins inside (-)

in bonds (holding atoms together)

where is energy stored?

refraction

3rd in the sequence of events in action potential; the sodium-potassium pump can start working now and get the sodiums out of the cell, restores charges to resting potential (pos. out, neg. in)

depolarization

1st in the sequence of events in action potential; a stimulus causes the opening of the sodium channel proteins, sodium diffuses into the cell, inside of the cell becomes overwhelmingly positive

repolarization

2nd in the sequence of events in action potential; way too many sodiums on the inside, but the pump cannot work without potassium, so the potassium channel opens to let potassium out of the cell

neuron

a group of cells bundled up to create a nerve, conduct impulses throughout the nervous system (they never touch)

ATP

a molecule that stores energy (easy to access, recyclable)

neurotransmitter

chemical that helps the impulse jump from one neuron to another

cell body

contains the nucleus in the neuron

potassium

in the sodium-potassium pump, which molecules are forced into the cell?

sodium

in the sodium-potassium pump, which molecules are forced out of the cell?

action potential

the goal of this is to cause the release of a neurotransmitter from the axon

protein pump (carrier protein)

involved in active transport & is open on one side and closed on the other; it moves objects into or out of the cell against the concentration gradient (against diffusion, low to high concentration)

protein pumps

involved in both passive transport and active transport

sodium-potassium pump

main example of a protein pump

active transport

moving things into and out of a cell using energy

dendrite

part of the neuron that is a branch-like structure that receives impulses and carry them toward the cell body

facilitated diffusion

process where the proteins are not moving, the transport (channel) protein opens up a passageway for larger molecules to cross the membrane

axon

sends messages away from the cell body in the neuron

synapse

space between the neurons

depolarization, repolarization, refraction

the 3 sequence of events in the action potential