Biology Active Transport Test
diffusion
the movement of small molecules moving from high to low concentration with no use of energy
osmosis
the movement of water molecules moving from high to low concentration with no use of energy
neurotransmitter
the process of action potential repeats itself until it reaches the axon where the _____ is released (exocytosis).
channel protein
the protein used in facilitated diffusion and looks like a tunnel (no energy used)
endocytosis
the type of active transport (bulk transport) which includes taking in large objects by surrounding the molecules or objects
pinocytosis
the type of active transport (bulk transport) which includes the intake of liquid food particles
phagocytosis
the type of active transport (bulk transport) which includes the intake of solid food particles
bulk transport
these are examples of what type of active transport: endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis, & exocytosis
exocytosis
type of active transport (bulk transport) where large objects are released from the cell; examples: proteins, waste products, hormones
receptor mediated endocytosis
type of active transport (bulk transport) where the cell identifies what it's taking in by its shape; hormones, proteins, etc.
resting potential
what does this describe? sodium (+) on the outside, potassium and proteins inside (-)
in bonds (holding atoms together)
where is energy stored?
refraction
3rd in the sequence of events in action potential; the sodium-potassium pump can start working now and get the sodiums out of the cell, restores charges to resting potential (pos. out, neg. in)
depolarization
1st in the sequence of events in action potential; a stimulus causes the opening of the sodium channel proteins, sodium diffuses into the cell, inside of the cell becomes overwhelmingly positive
repolarization
2nd in the sequence of events in action potential; way too many sodiums on the inside, but the pump cannot work without potassium, so the potassium channel opens to let potassium out of the cell
neuron
a group of cells bundled up to create a nerve, conduct impulses throughout the nervous system (they never touch)
ATP
a molecule that stores energy (easy to access, recyclable)
neurotransmitter
chemical that helps the impulse jump from one neuron to another
cell body
contains the nucleus in the neuron
potassium
in the sodium-potassium pump, which molecules are forced into the cell?
sodium
in the sodium-potassium pump, which molecules are forced out of the cell?
action potential
the goal of this is to cause the release of a neurotransmitter from the axon
protein pump (carrier protein)
involved in active transport & is open on one side and closed on the other; it moves objects into or out of the cell against the concentration gradient (against diffusion, low to high concentration)
protein pumps
involved in both passive transport and active transport
sodium-potassium pump
main example of a protein pump
active transport
moving things into and out of a cell using energy
dendrite
part of the neuron that is a branch-like structure that receives impulses and carry them toward the cell body
facilitated diffusion
process where the proteins are not moving, the transport (channel) protein opens up a passageway for larger molecules to cross the membrane
axon
sends messages away from the cell body in the neuron
synapse
space between the neurons
depolarization, repolarization, refraction
the 3 sequence of events in the action potential