Biology Bacteria Unit (1)

Extreme thermophiles (or hyperthermophiles) live in temperatures hotter than _____.

80 degrees C

Most prokaryotes have one or more long, thin "whips" referred to as

Flagella

A lichen is a symbiotic relationship between a photosynthetic organism and a __________.

Fungus

Thermophiles live at relatively _____ temperatures.

High

Mesophiles have adapted to live in which of the following environments?

Warm

It is estimated that up to __________ species of prokaryotes live in the human body.

100,000

The suitable temperature for optimal growth of psychrophiles is _____.

15 degrees C or lower

In which of the following range of temperatures do Mesophiles grow the best?

25 degrees C to 40 degrees C

Many pathogenic mesophiles require an optimal temperature of ____ for growth.

37 degrees C

The optimal growth temperature of many pathogenic mesophiles is ______.

37°C

Thermophiles can survive at temperatures above _____.

45 degrees C

A rod-shaped bacterium is classified as a(n)

Bacillus

Which type of organisms would one expect to show the most metabolic diversity?

Bacteria

Complete the sentence using one of the following terms: Bacterium, archaean, or fungi. Any and all organisms in the domain Bacteria can be called a(n) ___

Bacterium

Complete the sentence using one of the following terms: plasma membrane, capsule, or plasmid. A(n) ___ is a layer outside the cell wall of a prokaryote.

Capsule

Many prokaryotes have a layer called a(n) ___ outside

Capsule

Prokaryotes depend on other organisms for both energy and

Carbon

While there are many differences, bacterial cells share several common characteristics with eukaryotic cells. What are these characteristics?

Cell membrane Ribosomes DNA

Phototrophic organisms capture light energy from the sun and convert it into ___ energy inside their cells.

Chemical

Which are categories of prokaryotic energy metabolism?

Chemotrophic Chemoautotrophs Photoheterotrophs Chemoheterotrophs

Which of the following are common cell shapes found in prokaryotes?

Cocci (sphere), bacilli (rod), spirilla (helix)

A(n) ___ is a sphere-shaped bacterium.

Coccus

Sphere-shaped bacteria are called

Coccus

Complete the sentence using one of the following terms: nucleus, cytoplasm or cell wall. Bacterial DNA is located in the ___ of the bacterial cell.

Cytoplasm

The _____________ metabolism is the source of energy that is used for growth.

Energy

A prokaryote's flagella must all be located on one side of the cell. True or False?

False

An organism that can survive and flourish at temperatures between 60-80 degrees Celsius is called an Oligotroph.

False

Bacteria that cannot use carbon dioxide as a source of carbon are called photosynthetic bacteria.

False

Cell walls do not provide strength and rigidity to the cell.

False

Like all living things, prokaryotes do not need energy and carbon.

False

Organisms that can grow and reproduce in cold temperatures are called mesophiles.

False

Parasitic bacteria in your intestines can help protect you against infection by pathogenic bacteria.

False

Ribosomes replicate DNA.

False

The cell wall is absent in most prokaryotes.

False

The plasma membrane gives strength and rigidity to a prokaryotic cell. True or False?

False

______ are tail-like structures that help bacteria move.

Flagella

A(n) ___ is a long, thin "whip" on the outside of a prokaryotic cell.

Flagellum

Thermophiles have adapted to live in which of the following environments?

Hot

_____ are often found living in or on the bodies of humans or other animals.

Mesophiles

Nitrogen fixing bacteria is an example of which of the following?

Mutualism

What is the main difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

NOT the source of energy (answer not provided)

Nitrosomonas bacteria are very important to the ___ cycle

Nitrogen

A species of soil bacterium that oxidizes NH4+ to nitrite is _____.

Nitrosomonas

The ___ is the region of the cell where the bacteria's single circular chromosome is located.

Nucleoid

The _____ is absent in bacteria.

Nucleus

Clostridium perfringens is an example of a(n) _____.

Obligate anaerobe

Biological interactions result when ___ in an ecosystem interact with each other.

Organisms

Most bacterial cell walls contain ___.

Peptidoglycans

Bacteria that carry out photosynthesis to acquire energy are called _____.

Photoautotrophic bacteria

____________ are organisms that capture light energy to convert to chemical energy in the cells, but they get carbon from organic sources.

Photoheterotrophs

Prokaryotes can have small, self-replicating circular pieces of DNA known as ___ within their cells.

Plasmids

Prokaryotes can increase genetic variation by exchanging the DNA in their

Plasmids

All living things that lack a nucleus are referred to as

Prokaryotes

Which cells possess a single, or a few, flagellum to assist with movement?

Prokaryotic

Bacteria are commonly classified by their ___, the most common groups being Bacilli, Cocci, and Spirilli.

Shape

Complete the sentence using on of the following terms: shape, size or color. Under a microscope, one characteristic that can be used to identify bacteria is their ___, which can be generally described as spherical, rod-shaped or spirals.

Shape

Without staining bacteria, you can classify them by

Shape

A(n) ___ is a spiral shaped bacterium.

Spirillum

Peptidoglycans are made up of a ___ and an ___ ___ molecule complex that forms a mesh-like layer within the cell wall, outside the cell membrane of bacteria.

Sugar, amino, acid

Which of the following describes a prokaryotic cell?

Surrounded by a cell membrane and cell wall, Small, Has one piece of circular DNA, Has ribosomes but no other organelles

An organism's interactions with its environment are necessary for the functioning of the ecosystem as a whole.

True

Bacteria and Archaea differ in the makeup of their cell wall.

True

Carbon metabolism in prokaryotes can be accomplished either heterotrophically or autotrophically. True or False?

True

Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells.

True

If nitrogen bacteria disappeared, all the plants in the world would die and the ecosystem would collapse.

True

Many chemoautotrophs live in extreme environments such as deep sea vents.

True

Many prokaryotes have one or more flagella, which spin around their bases.

True

Mesophilic organisms are used in food preparation, including cheese, yogurt, beer, and wine.

True

Obligate anaerobes will die when exposed to atmospheric levels of oxygen.

True

Organisms that obtain energy from inorganic molecules are called chemoautotrophs.

True

A bacterium lives on its host but does not take any nutrients from the host. It does not harm the host, but it gets shelter from living on the host. This is an example of which of the following?

commensalism

In terms of carbon metabolism, prokaryotes are classified into which of the following categories?

heterotrophic organisms autotrophic organisms

Thermophiles that live in extremely hot temperatures above 80 degrees C are known as ____________.

hyperthermophiles

Which of the following is an example of commensalism?

lichen

Which of the following grow best in a moderate temperature?

mesophiles

Bacterial infections are an example of which of the following?

parasitism

Energy metabolism in prokaryotes is classified into which of the following categories?

phototrophic organisms chemotrophic organisms

Role(s) of mutualistic bacteria include

preventing the growth of harmful microorganisms.

The type of bacteria most likely to live in Arctic and Antarctic permafrost is called a _________________.

psychrophile