Biology Bacteria Unit (1)
Extreme thermophiles (or hyperthermophiles) live in temperatures hotter than _____.
80 degrees C
Most prokaryotes have one or more long, thin "whips" referred to as
Flagella
A lichen is a symbiotic relationship between a photosynthetic organism and a __________.
Fungus
Thermophiles live at relatively _____ temperatures.
High
Mesophiles have adapted to live in which of the following environments?
Warm
It is estimated that up to __________ species of prokaryotes live in the human body.
100,000
The suitable temperature for optimal growth of psychrophiles is _____.
15 degrees C or lower
In which of the following range of temperatures do Mesophiles grow the best?
25 degrees C to 40 degrees C
Many pathogenic mesophiles require an optimal temperature of ____ for growth.
37 degrees C
The optimal growth temperature of many pathogenic mesophiles is ______.
37°C
Thermophiles can survive at temperatures above _____.
45 degrees C
A rod-shaped bacterium is classified as a(n)
Bacillus
Which type of organisms would one expect to show the most metabolic diversity?
Bacteria
Complete the sentence using one of the following terms: Bacterium, archaean, or fungi. Any and all organisms in the domain Bacteria can be called a(n) ___
Bacterium
Complete the sentence using one of the following terms: plasma membrane, capsule, or plasmid. A(n) ___ is a layer outside the cell wall of a prokaryote.
Capsule
Many prokaryotes have a layer called a(n) ___ outside
Capsule
Prokaryotes depend on other organisms for both energy and
Carbon
While there are many differences, bacterial cells share several common characteristics with eukaryotic cells. What are these characteristics?
Cell membrane Ribosomes DNA
Phototrophic organisms capture light energy from the sun and convert it into ___ energy inside their cells.
Chemical
Which are categories of prokaryotic energy metabolism?
Chemotrophic Chemoautotrophs Photoheterotrophs Chemoheterotrophs
Which of the following are common cell shapes found in prokaryotes?
Cocci (sphere), bacilli (rod), spirilla (helix)
A(n) ___ is a sphere-shaped bacterium.
Coccus
Sphere-shaped bacteria are called
Coccus
Complete the sentence using one of the following terms: nucleus, cytoplasm or cell wall. Bacterial DNA is located in the ___ of the bacterial cell.
Cytoplasm
The _____________ metabolism is the source of energy that is used for growth.
Energy
A prokaryote's flagella must all be located on one side of the cell. True or False?
False
An organism that can survive and flourish at temperatures between 60-80 degrees Celsius is called an Oligotroph.
False
Bacteria that cannot use carbon dioxide as a source of carbon are called photosynthetic bacteria.
False
Cell walls do not provide strength and rigidity to the cell.
False
Like all living things, prokaryotes do not need energy and carbon.
False
Organisms that can grow and reproduce in cold temperatures are called mesophiles.
False
Parasitic bacteria in your intestines can help protect you against infection by pathogenic bacteria.
False
Ribosomes replicate DNA.
False
The cell wall is absent in most prokaryotes.
False
The plasma membrane gives strength and rigidity to a prokaryotic cell. True or False?
False
______ are tail-like structures that help bacteria move.
Flagella
A(n) ___ is a long, thin "whip" on the outside of a prokaryotic cell.
Flagellum
Thermophiles have adapted to live in which of the following environments?
Hot
_____ are often found living in or on the bodies of humans or other animals.
Mesophiles
Nitrogen fixing bacteria is an example of which of the following?
Mutualism
What is the main difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?
NOT the source of energy (answer not provided)
Nitrosomonas bacteria are very important to the ___ cycle
Nitrogen
A species of soil bacterium that oxidizes NH4+ to nitrite is _____.
Nitrosomonas
The ___ is the region of the cell where the bacteria's single circular chromosome is located.
Nucleoid
The _____ is absent in bacteria.
Nucleus
Clostridium perfringens is an example of a(n) _____.
Obligate anaerobe
Biological interactions result when ___ in an ecosystem interact with each other.
Organisms
Most bacterial cell walls contain ___.
Peptidoglycans
Bacteria that carry out photosynthesis to acquire energy are called _____.
Photoautotrophic bacteria
____________ are organisms that capture light energy to convert to chemical energy in the cells, but they get carbon from organic sources.
Photoheterotrophs
Prokaryotes can have small, self-replicating circular pieces of DNA known as ___ within their cells.
Plasmids
Prokaryotes can increase genetic variation by exchanging the DNA in their
Plasmids
All living things that lack a nucleus are referred to as
Prokaryotes
Which cells possess a single, or a few, flagellum to assist with movement?
Prokaryotic
Bacteria are commonly classified by their ___, the most common groups being Bacilli, Cocci, and Spirilli.
Shape
Complete the sentence using on of the following terms: shape, size or color. Under a microscope, one characteristic that can be used to identify bacteria is their ___, which can be generally described as spherical, rod-shaped or spirals.
Shape
Without staining bacteria, you can classify them by
Shape
A(n) ___ is a spiral shaped bacterium.
Spirillum
Peptidoglycans are made up of a ___ and an ___ ___ molecule complex that forms a mesh-like layer within the cell wall, outside the cell membrane of bacteria.
Sugar, amino, acid
Which of the following describes a prokaryotic cell?
Surrounded by a cell membrane and cell wall, Small, Has one piece of circular DNA, Has ribosomes but no other organelles
An organism's interactions with its environment are necessary for the functioning of the ecosystem as a whole.
True
Bacteria and Archaea differ in the makeup of their cell wall.
True
Carbon metabolism in prokaryotes can be accomplished either heterotrophically or autotrophically. True or False?
True
Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells.
True
If nitrogen bacteria disappeared, all the plants in the world would die and the ecosystem would collapse.
True
Many chemoautotrophs live in extreme environments such as deep sea vents.
True
Many prokaryotes have one or more flagella, which spin around their bases.
True
Mesophilic organisms are used in food preparation, including cheese, yogurt, beer, and wine.
True
Obligate anaerobes will die when exposed to atmospheric levels of oxygen.
True
Organisms that obtain energy from inorganic molecules are called chemoautotrophs.
True
A bacterium lives on its host but does not take any nutrients from the host. It does not harm the host, but it gets shelter from living on the host. This is an example of which of the following?
commensalism
In terms of carbon metabolism, prokaryotes are classified into which of the following categories?
heterotrophic organisms autotrophic organisms
Thermophiles that live in extremely hot temperatures above 80 degrees C are known as ____________.
hyperthermophiles
Which of the following is an example of commensalism?
lichen
Which of the following grow best in a moderate temperature?
mesophiles
Bacterial infections are an example of which of the following?
parasitism
Energy metabolism in prokaryotes is classified into which of the following categories?
phototrophic organisms chemotrophic organisms
Role(s) of mutualistic bacteria include
preventing the growth of harmful microorganisms.
The type of bacteria most likely to live in Arctic and Antarctic permafrost is called a _________________.
psychrophile