Chapter 9 MT

Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of digestion?

Pharynx

What are some of the functions of the tongue?

Position food between the teeth for chewing Stimulate the sense of taste by way of papillae on its surface

Select the statements that are correct regarding protein digestion.

Proteins are broken down into single units called amino acids. Amino acids absorbed from the digestive tract can be used to build new tissues. Some of the enzymes that digest protein are secreted by the pancreas.

Which enzyme in the mouth begins the digestion of starch?

Salivary amylase

Which three of the following represent the paired salivary glands?

Sublingual Parotid Submandibular

Proteins must be completely broken down into individual ______ _______in order to be absorbed.

amino acids

The constriction at the lower end of the esophagus is called the _______ ________

cardiac or esophageal sphincter

The term that means pertaining to the cecum is _____.

cecal

A disorder in which gluten in cereal grains damages the lining of the small intestines is _________ ______

celiac disease

Enzymes are proteins that are involved in the process of

chemical digestion

The disease that is often caused by chronic alcoholism and is characterized by fibrous scarring of the liver is

cirrhosis

The structure formed by the union of the hepatic duct and cystic duct is the ________ ________ duct

common bile

Match the structure related to the gallbladder with its description.

common bile duct - Union of the cystic duct and hepatic duct hepatic duct - Transports bile from the liver cystic duct - Transports bile from the gallbladder

One role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach is to break down

connective tissue in meat and plant cell walls.

Difficult or infrequent defecation is called

constipation

A qualified professional in the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the oral-facial complex is a(n)

dentist

Dysphagia can occur after a stroke, but it is also a symptom of ______.

esophageal cancer

Endoscopy can be used to

examine the inside of the digestive tract.

Lipase is an enzyme that digests triglyceride molecules into

fatty acids and monoglycerides.

If you have excessive gas in the intestines, you are said to be suffering from

flatulence

The medical term for gas that is passed out of the body through the anus is _____.

flatus

The __________ stores, concentrates, and secretes bile into the _______ during digestion.

gallbladder duodenum

A "stomach bug" that causes acute, severe diarrhea and/or vomiting is

gastroenteritis

Simple sugars that are absorbed into the capillaries of the intestinal villi are transported to the liver in the

hepatic portal vein.

The endocrine secretions of the pancreas are

hormones. insulin. glucagon.

The sphincter that regulates passage of material from the ileum to the large intestine is the

ileocecal valve.

The third segment of the small intestine is the ________. IT ends at the _________ valve, which regulates passage of undigested residue into the large intestine.

ileum ileocecal

The selective intake of food into the mouth is called

ingestion.

The prefix in the terms endoscope and endoscopy means

inside or within.

the _________ ___________ sphincter in the anal area is made of smooth muscle and is under involuntary control.

internal anal

The external opening of the oral cavity is the

mouth

The first site involved in mechanical and chemical digestion is the

mouth

A digestive secretion that lubricates and protects the lining of the digestive tract is

mucus

The combining form amin/o- means _____.

nitrogen-containing

The practitioners most directly involved in promoting healthy eating are _______ and ________

nutritionists dietitians

The gallbladder is located

on the underside of the liver.

The spongy gland located behind the stomach that has both exocrine and endocrine functions is the

pancreas

Pancreatic enzymes move through the _______ duct, which joints the common bile duct before emptying into the _________

pancreatic duodenum

The waves of smooth muscle contraction that move the bolus of food downward in the esophagus are called ______.

peristalsis

The term celiac means

pertaining to the abdomen.

The funnel-shaped region between the mouth and esophagus is the

pharynx.

The presence of several polyps in the bowel is termed

polyposis

A temporary diagnosis pending further examination or testing is a(n) _____.

provisional diagnosis

The dentine (dentin) of an adult tooth surrounds a central ________ _________ where blood vessels and nerves are found.

pulp cavity

The watery secretion produced by glands that empty into the mouth is

saliva

The S-shaped segment of the large intestine that lies between the descending colon and the rectum is the

sigmoid colon

Chemical digestion is completed in the ________ ______

small intestines

Most water and nutrients are absorbed in the _____.

small intestine

Most protein digestion occurs in the _____.

small intestines

Most dietary carbohydrates consist of _____.

starches

An artificial opening is called a(n)

stoma

The only digestive function of the liver is

synthesis and secretion of bile.

The cecum is

the blind-ended pouch that is the first segment of the large intestine.

Where is the liver located?

Below the ribs on the right, under the diaphragm

The disease that is often caused by chronic alcoholism and is characterized by fibrous scarring of the liver is

Cirrhosis

All of the following disorders can lead to malabsorption of nutrients EXCEPT which?

Constipation

Gastroenteritis can be caused by what?

Contaminated food Viruses Bacteria

Which of the following are functions of the liver?

Detoxification of alcohol and drugs Storage of glucose as glycogen Bile synthesis and secretion Synthesis of plasma proteins

Which of the following is NOT an imaging technique used to diagnose GI tract disorders?

Digital rectal exam

What is glycogen?

A stored form of glucose

Select the functions of the large intestine.

Absorption of water and electrolytes Elimination of solid waste by defecation Secretion of mucus

Which statements are true regarding a provisional diagnosis?

Additional tests may need to be performed. Further examination is needed to make a definitive diagnosis. It is a temporary diagnosis.

The tube that leads from the mouth to the anus is the

alimentary canal.

Dyspepsia is characterized by

epigastric pain, nausea, and gas.

Saliva is mostly ______.

water

Which statements are true regarding a provisional diagnosis?

Further examination is needed to make a definitive diagnosis. It is a temporary diagnosis. Additional tests may need to be performed.

An instrument for viewing the inside of the stomach is a(n)

Gastroscopy

The body's principal carbohydrate reserve, stored in liver and skeletal muscle cells, is

Glycogen

Which structures are found in the mouth?

Hard and soft palate Tongue Uvula

What is an intestinal disorder that presents with chronic abdominal pain, bloating, and either diarrhea or constipation (or alternating bouts of both)?

Irritable bowel syndrome

Which statements are true regarding cirrhosis of the liver?

It is often caused by alcoholism. It causes healthy liver tissue to be replaced with hard, fibrous scar tissue. It is irreversible.

Identify the functions of saliva.

It moistens the food to make it easier to swallow. It begins the chemical digestion of starch and fat.

Identify the two major subdivisions of the digestive system.

The accessory organs The alimentary canal

Which sphincter of the rectum is composed of skeletal muscle and is under voluntary control?

The external anal sphincter

Which accessory organs of digestion are found in or near the oral cavity?

Tongue Teeth Salivary glands

Which nutrient cannot be absorbed without intrinsic factor?

Vitamin B12

The digestive organs that are not part of the alimentary canal are called

accessory organs

Place the parts of the large intestine in the order in which food residue moves, from the cecum to the anus.

ascending colon tranverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon rectum anal canal

The substance produced by the liver that coats fat particles to keep them emulsified is

bile

Angiography uses contrast dye to highlight which structure(s)?

blood vessels

Match the gastrointestinal professionals with their descriptions.

dentists- Practitioners in the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the oral-facial complex periodontists- Specialists in disorders of the tissues surrounding the teeth gastroenterologists- Physicians specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the stomach and intestines proctologists- Physicians specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the rectum and anus dietitian- Managers of food services who promote healthy eating nutritionists- Professionals who prevent and treat illness by promoting healthy eating

The exocrine secretions of the pancreas are

digestive enzymes.

The presence of small pouches in the wall of the large intestine is called

diverticulosis

The medical term for indigestion or "upset stomach" is

dyspepsia

An instrument used to examine the lumen of a hollow organ is a(n)

endoscope

The suffix in the term lactase tells the reader that it is a(n) ______ annd not a sugar

enzyme

The French term for yellow is

jaundice

The enzyme that digests lactose is

lactase

Fatty acids and monoglycerides are taken up by _______ (lymphatic vessels) in the _________ of the small intestines.

lacteals villi

The peritoneum is the membrane that

lines the abdominal cavity.

The largest internal organ in the human body is the

liver

The root in the terms hepatic and hepatitis means

liver

The peristalsis that propels residue within the large intestine is a stronger type of contraction that happens several times a day called _____.

mass movement

The mechanical digestion that occurs in the mouth is called

mastication

Constipation occurs when fecal movement through the large intestine is

too slow, causing too much water to be absorbed.

The small structure that hangs down from the soft palate and keeps food in the oral cavity until it is ready to be swallowed is the

uvula