Chapter 9 MT
Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of digestion?
Pharynx
What are some of the functions of the tongue?
Position food between the teeth for chewing Stimulate the sense of taste by way of papillae on its surface
Select the statements that are correct regarding protein digestion.
Proteins are broken down into single units called amino acids. Amino acids absorbed from the digestive tract can be used to build new tissues. Some of the enzymes that digest protein are secreted by the pancreas.
Which enzyme in the mouth begins the digestion of starch?
Salivary amylase
Which three of the following represent the paired salivary glands?
Sublingual Parotid Submandibular
Proteins must be completely broken down into individual ______ _______in order to be absorbed.
amino acids
The constriction at the lower end of the esophagus is called the _______ ________
cardiac or esophageal sphincter
The term that means pertaining to the cecum is _____.
cecal
A disorder in which gluten in cereal grains damages the lining of the small intestines is _________ ______
celiac disease
Enzymes are proteins that are involved in the process of
chemical digestion
The disease that is often caused by chronic alcoholism and is characterized by fibrous scarring of the liver is
cirrhosis
The structure formed by the union of the hepatic duct and cystic duct is the ________ ________ duct
common bile
Match the structure related to the gallbladder with its description.
common bile duct - Union of the cystic duct and hepatic duct hepatic duct - Transports bile from the liver cystic duct - Transports bile from the gallbladder
One role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach is to break down
connective tissue in meat and plant cell walls.
Difficult or infrequent defecation is called
constipation
A qualified professional in the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the oral-facial complex is a(n)
dentist
Dysphagia can occur after a stroke, but it is also a symptom of ______.
esophageal cancer
Endoscopy can be used to
examine the inside of the digestive tract.
Lipase is an enzyme that digests triglyceride molecules into
fatty acids and monoglycerides.
If you have excessive gas in the intestines, you are said to be suffering from
flatulence
The medical term for gas that is passed out of the body through the anus is _____.
flatus
The __________ stores, concentrates, and secretes bile into the _______ during digestion.
gallbladder duodenum
A "stomach bug" that causes acute, severe diarrhea and/or vomiting is
gastroenteritis
Simple sugars that are absorbed into the capillaries of the intestinal villi are transported to the liver in the
hepatic portal vein.
The endocrine secretions of the pancreas are
hormones. insulin. glucagon.
The sphincter that regulates passage of material from the ileum to the large intestine is the
ileocecal valve.
The third segment of the small intestine is the ________. IT ends at the _________ valve, which regulates passage of undigested residue into the large intestine.
ileum ileocecal
The selective intake of food into the mouth is called
ingestion.
The prefix in the terms endoscope and endoscopy means
inside or within.
the _________ ___________ sphincter in the anal area is made of smooth muscle and is under involuntary control.
internal anal
The external opening of the oral cavity is the
mouth
The first site involved in mechanical and chemical digestion is the
mouth
A digestive secretion that lubricates and protects the lining of the digestive tract is
mucus
The combining form amin/o- means _____.
nitrogen-containing
The practitioners most directly involved in promoting healthy eating are _______ and ________
nutritionists dietitians
The gallbladder is located
on the underside of the liver.
The spongy gland located behind the stomach that has both exocrine and endocrine functions is the
pancreas
Pancreatic enzymes move through the _______ duct, which joints the common bile duct before emptying into the _________
pancreatic duodenum
The waves of smooth muscle contraction that move the bolus of food downward in the esophagus are called ______.
peristalsis
The term celiac means
pertaining to the abdomen.
The funnel-shaped region between the mouth and esophagus is the
pharynx.
The presence of several polyps in the bowel is termed
polyposis
A temporary diagnosis pending further examination or testing is a(n) _____.
provisional diagnosis
The dentine (dentin) of an adult tooth surrounds a central ________ _________ where blood vessels and nerves are found.
pulp cavity
The watery secretion produced by glands that empty into the mouth is
saliva
The S-shaped segment of the large intestine that lies between the descending colon and the rectum is the
sigmoid colon
Chemical digestion is completed in the ________ ______
small intestines
Most water and nutrients are absorbed in the _____.
small intestine
Most protein digestion occurs in the _____.
small intestines
Most dietary carbohydrates consist of _____.
starches
An artificial opening is called a(n)
stoma
The only digestive function of the liver is
synthesis and secretion of bile.
The cecum is
the blind-ended pouch that is the first segment of the large intestine.
Where is the liver located?
Below the ribs on the right, under the diaphragm
The disease that is often caused by chronic alcoholism and is characterized by fibrous scarring of the liver is
Cirrhosis
All of the following disorders can lead to malabsorption of nutrients EXCEPT which?
Constipation
Gastroenteritis can be caused by what?
Contaminated food Viruses Bacteria
Which of the following are functions of the liver?
Detoxification of alcohol and drugs Storage of glucose as glycogen Bile synthesis and secretion Synthesis of plasma proteins
Which of the following is NOT an imaging technique used to diagnose GI tract disorders?
Digital rectal exam
What is glycogen?
A stored form of glucose
Select the functions of the large intestine.
Absorption of water and electrolytes Elimination of solid waste by defecation Secretion of mucus
Which statements are true regarding a provisional diagnosis?
Additional tests may need to be performed. Further examination is needed to make a definitive diagnosis. It is a temporary diagnosis.
The tube that leads from the mouth to the anus is the
alimentary canal.
Dyspepsia is characterized by
epigastric pain, nausea, and gas.
Saliva is mostly ______.
water
Which statements are true regarding a provisional diagnosis?
Further examination is needed to make a definitive diagnosis. It is a temporary diagnosis. Additional tests may need to be performed.
An instrument for viewing the inside of the stomach is a(n)
Gastroscopy
The body's principal carbohydrate reserve, stored in liver and skeletal muscle cells, is
Glycogen
Which structures are found in the mouth?
Hard and soft palate Tongue Uvula
What is an intestinal disorder that presents with chronic abdominal pain, bloating, and either diarrhea or constipation (or alternating bouts of both)?
Irritable bowel syndrome
Which statements are true regarding cirrhosis of the liver?
It is often caused by alcoholism. It causes healthy liver tissue to be replaced with hard, fibrous scar tissue. It is irreversible.
Identify the functions of saliva.
It moistens the food to make it easier to swallow. It begins the chemical digestion of starch and fat.
Identify the two major subdivisions of the digestive system.
The accessory organs The alimentary canal
Which sphincter of the rectum is composed of skeletal muscle and is under voluntary control?
The external anal sphincter
Which accessory organs of digestion are found in or near the oral cavity?
Tongue Teeth Salivary glands
Which nutrient cannot be absorbed without intrinsic factor?
Vitamin B12
The digestive organs that are not part of the alimentary canal are called
accessory organs
Place the parts of the large intestine in the order in which food residue moves, from the cecum to the anus.
ascending colon tranverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon rectum anal canal
The substance produced by the liver that coats fat particles to keep them emulsified is
bile
Angiography uses contrast dye to highlight which structure(s)?
blood vessels
Match the gastrointestinal professionals with their descriptions.
dentists- Practitioners in the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the oral-facial complex periodontists- Specialists in disorders of the tissues surrounding the teeth gastroenterologists- Physicians specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the stomach and intestines proctologists- Physicians specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the rectum and anus dietitian- Managers of food services who promote healthy eating nutritionists- Professionals who prevent and treat illness by promoting healthy eating
The exocrine secretions of the pancreas are
digestive enzymes.
The presence of small pouches in the wall of the large intestine is called
diverticulosis
The medical term for indigestion or "upset stomach" is
dyspepsia
An instrument used to examine the lumen of a hollow organ is a(n)
endoscope
The suffix in the term lactase tells the reader that it is a(n) ______ annd not a sugar
enzyme
The French term for yellow is
jaundice
The enzyme that digests lactose is
lactase
Fatty acids and monoglycerides are taken up by _______ (lymphatic vessels) in the _________ of the small intestines.
lacteals villi
The peritoneum is the membrane that
lines the abdominal cavity.
The largest internal organ in the human body is the
liver
The root in the terms hepatic and hepatitis means
liver
The peristalsis that propels residue within the large intestine is a stronger type of contraction that happens several times a day called _____.
mass movement
The mechanical digestion that occurs in the mouth is called
mastication
Constipation occurs when fecal movement through the large intestine is
too slow, causing too much water to be absorbed.
The small structure that hangs down from the soft palate and keeps food in the oral cavity until it is ready to be swallowed is the
uvula
