biology ch. 19 & 16.2

Based on the adaptations Charles Darwin observed in finches and tortoises in the Galapagos, he wondered A> if species living on different islands had once been members of the same species B>if finches and tortoises had originated from the same ancestral species c>if all birds on the different islands were finches D> why all tortoises on the different islands were identical

A

Lamarck's ideas about evolution include the concept that differences among the traits of organisms arise as a result of a> continual increases in population size b>the actions of organisms as they use or fail to use body structures C>an unchanging local environment d> the natural variations already present within the population of organisms

B

Which of the following ideas is supported by Darwin's observation of local variation among tortoises in the galapagos islands? a> artifical selection b>adaption c> acquired characteristics d> tendency towards perfection

B

the economist Thomas Malthus suggested that A> in the human population, people die faster than babies are B> without certain checks on population size, there would soon be insufficient food for the growing human population C> in the 1700s england needed more housing D> the majority of a species' offspring die

B

the process which a single species or small group of species envolves into diverse forms that live in different ways is called a. coevolution b. macroevolution c. adaptive radiation d. convergent evolution

C

T or F the wings of birds and the flippers of dolphins are vestigial structures

F anaglaes

T or F charles darwin noted that members of a population are identical

F have variation

T or F Large-scale evolutionary changes that usually take place over long periods of time are referred to as speciation

F macroevolution

T or F many species disappear rapidly during a background extinction

F mass extinction

T or F in their studies of galapagos finches, the grants studied the molecular characteristics of finches from different islands

F physical characteristics

the geologist_____ proposed that past changes in earth must be explained in terms of events and processes observable today q

James Lyell

T or F after his voyage on the beagle, charles darwin wondered whether similar species from the galapagos islands could once have been members of the same species

T

T or F evidence that the surface of a mountain was once under the sea includes the presence of marine fossils on the mountain

T

T or F immediately after a mass extinction biodiveristy is dramatically reduced

T

T or F james hutton and charles lyell held similar views about earths age. both thought that earth was more than a few thousand years old

T

T or F the discovery of a dinosaur fossil with wings and feathers connects birds to their ancient ancestors

T

james hutton's and charles lyell's work suggests that a. earth is several million years old b. earth is several thousands years old c. all fossils were formed in the last 1000 years d. all rocks on earth contain fossils

a

molecular evidence in support of natural election includes a. the nearly universal genetic code b.the presence of vestigial structures c. a tendency toward perfect, unchanging DNA in various species d. the transmission of acquired characteristics by DNA

a

molecular evidence in support of natural selection includes a. the nearly universal genetic code b. the presence of vestigial structures c. a tendency toward perfect, unchanging DNA in various species d. the transmission of acquired characteristics by DNA

a

according to lamarck, evolution resulted from inheritance of ____ traits

acquired

Darwin's concept of natural selection was NOT influenced by a. the work of Charles Lyell b. the work of Gregor Mendel c. his collection of specimens d. his trip on the H.M.S. Beagle

b

according to darwin's theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. their survival is due to the a. possession of adaptations developed through use b. possession of inherited adaptions that maximize fitness c. lack of competition within the species d. choices made by plant and animal breeders

b

biogeography is the study of a. where species and their ancestors live b. how extinct species can be related to living species c. how different species can interbreed d. how animals that live in the same area are closely related

b

charles darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment a. diversity b. fintess c. adaptation d. evolution.

b

charles darwin viewed the fossil record as a. evidence that Earth was very young b. useful support for his theory c. interesting but unrelated to the evolution of modern species d. evidence that traits are acquired through use or disuse.

b

charles darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection explains each of the following EXCEPT how a. species can become extinct b. traits are passed from parent to offspring c. species descend from common ancestors d. evolution takes place in the natural world.

b

each of the following is a condition necessary for natural selection to occur EXCEPT a> more offspring are born that can survive b> population size is very large c> fitness varies among individuals d> there is heritable variation among members of the population

b

in an experiment, suppose that the wings of fruit flies were clipped short for fifty generations. the fifty- first generation emerged with normal- length wings. this observation would tend to disprove the idea that evolution is based on a. inheritance of natural variations b. inheritance of acquired characteristics c. natural selection d. survival of the fittest

b

in humans the pelvis and femur, or thigh bone, are involved in walking. in whales, the pelvis and femur shown in figure 16-1 are a. examples of fossils b. vestigial structures c. acquired traits d. examples of natural variations

b

the number and location of bones of many fossil vertebrates are similar to those in living vertebrates. this is evidence in support of which of the following concepts? a. tendency towards perfection b. common descent c. analogous strictures d. acquired traits

b

the species of finches that charles darwin found on different galapagos islands varied in certain adaptations. one of the most significant was a. size of eggs b. shape of beaks c. color of feathers d. location of nests

b

what contributed to the adaptive radiation of mammal? a. the evolution of plant b. the extinction of most dinosaurs c. the decrease in ocean depth d. continental drift

b

on the galapagos islands, charles darwin observed a. completely unrelated species on each of the islands b. species exactly like those found in south america c. species similar to mainland south american species d. species completely unrelated to those found in south america

c

the principle of common descent helps explain why a. well- adapted species have many offsprings b. conditions in an organism's environment ensure it's survival c. birds and reptiles share a number of inherited characteristics d. tigers are so different from cheetahs

c

which characteristic of galapagos finches helped the grants show the results of natural selection? a> the color of their feathers b. the length and shape of their wings c. the size and shape of their beak d. the curve of their claws

c

which of the following is an example of convergent evolution? a. birds wing and fish's fin b. human's arm and birds wing c. sharks fin and dolphins limb d. humans leg and dolphins limb

c

which statement about the members of a population that live long enough to reproduce is consistent with the theory of evolution by natural selection a> the transmit characteristics acquired by use and disuse to their offspring b>they tend to produce fewer offspring than others in the population c>they are the ones that are best adapted to survive in their environment d>they will perpetuate unfavorable in the species

c

In the 1800s, Charles Lyell emphasized that a>the human population will outgrow the available food supply b>all populations evolve through natural selection c> earth is a few years old d> past geological events must be explained in terms of processes observable today

d

the process by which unrelated organisms come to resemble on another is a. coevolution b. macroevolution c. adaptive radiation d. convergent evolution

d

when a dairy farmer chooses to bread the cows that give the most milk in the herd, the farmers are following the principle of a> acquired characteristics b> descent with modification c>artificial selection D. natural selection

d

although his idea was incorrect, jean- baptiste Lamarck was one of the first people to propose scientific explanation for ____

evolution

_____ protiens, such as cytochrome c, are found in all types of cells from one- celled yeasts to multicellular kangaroos.

homologous

in studying galapagos finches, the grants found that ______ can take place frequently and over relatively short periods of time

natural selection adaption

geologists use ____ ti determine a rock layer's absolute age

relative dating