Biology Ch.10

Cystic Fibrosis: ____ Huntington Disease: ____ Color-Blindness: ____

- Autosomal Recessive - Autosomal Dominant -X-Linked Recessive

Which of the following characteristic traits controlled by more than one set of alleles?

-Are influenced by the environment. -Alleles have additive effects on phenotype. -Phenotypic variation appears continuous.

Which of the following are included in Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment?

-Each pair of alleles segregates independently of other pairs. -

Which of the following are included in Mendel's law of segregation?

-Fertilization restores two alleles of each gene to the embryo. -Pairs of alleles separate during gamete formation. -Individuals have two alleles for each trait. -Gametes contain only one of the two parental alleles.

Which of the following are reasons that garden peas ended up being a good organism for genetic experiments?

-Had many varieties with easily identifiable differences. -True-breeding lines could be established. -Could be manually cross-pollinated. -Easy to cultivate. -Phenotypic traits were simple and distinct.

Which choice describes incomplete dominance?

-The heterozygous individual shows a phenotype in-between that of an individual homozygotic for either allele.

Which of the following statements is/are true about people who are carries for an autosomal recessive disorder?

-They can pass the recessive allele to their offspring. -They can have a child with the disorder. -They can pass the dominant allele to their offspring. -They are heterozygous.

According to Mendel's law of segregation, each individual has ____ factor(s) for each trait, which segregate during the formation of gametes such that each gamete contains ____ factor(s) from each pair of factors.

2;1

If a population has two alleles one is dominant and the other is recessive) for an X-linked gene, how many different female genotypes are possible?

3 -Females could be homozygous dominant, heterozygous, or homozygous recessive. -Only 2 in male because they could either be recessive or dominant since they have a Y chromosome.

What is the expected phenotypic ratio of F2 in a Mendelian dihybrid cross?

9:3:3:1

Cystic Fibrosis

Abnormally thick mucus in bronchial tubes and pancreatic ducts interfere with the functioning of lungs and pancreas.

In a type of flowering plant, a true-breeding white flowered plant is crossed with a true-breeding red flowered plant. If the flower color is a type of incomplete dominance, what flower color will the offspring have?

All pink

Two alleles of a single gene are both expressed in a heterozygous individual. This type of inheritance is called____.

Codominance

When two different traits are investigated at the same time, what type of cross does this represent?

Dihybrid

A genetic condition for which a daughter has a 100% chance of inheritance if her father has the condition is called X-linked____.

Dominant

When both parents are heterozygous and express a condition, but their child is unaffected- the must be autosomal _____.

Dominant

Mendel's law of independent assortment

Each pair of factors segregates independently of the other pairs and all possible combinations of factors can occur in gametes.

What items are placed at the top of the columns and the fronts of the rows in a Punnett square?

Gametes

The particular set of alleles that an individual receives at fertilization is called.

Genotype

If an organism carries two different types of alleles for the same gene it is considered ____ for that gene.

Heterozygous

An organism carrying both dominant alleles of a particular gene would be considered ____ dominant for that trait.

Homozygous

A heterozygote displaying a third variation of a trait- a phenotype in between individuals homozygotic for both alleles- is an example of__

Incomplete dominance

Human eye color is the example of a phenotype that results from the ____ multiple gene products (enzymes and proteins).

Interaction of

Sickle Cell Disease

Irregular shape of red blood cells causes anemia and poor circulation.

Alleles that occur on the same chromosomes are called ____ group.

Linkage

Genes that are found on the X chromosomes, but not on the Y chromosome or on autosomes are, X-______genes.

Linked

A certain gene is located 5,000 base pairs from the end of a chromosome. This location is referred to as the gene ____.

Locus

DNA is directly inherited from an organism's parents, via their gametes, which are produced by the process of ____. Thus, if a person has phenylketonuria, they have inherited genetic information that has lead to the production of a dysfunctional protein, specifically a(n) ____ that normally breaks down phenol.

Meiosis; Enzyme

A trait is considered____ when it is controlled by more than one set of alleles and those alleles are subject to environmental influences.

Multifactorial

In a monohybrid cross, the expected phenotypic ratio is 3:1. This means ____.

One would expect to see 3/4 of the offspring to show the dominant trait and 1/4 to show the recessive trait.

The original parents in a genetic cross are referred to as the ___ generation.

P

A condition in which a single mutant growth gene affects more than one distinct characteristic of an individual is referred to as ____ and often leads to a syndrome.

Pleiotropy

A diagram used for estimating genetic probability is called a ____ ____.

Punnet Square

Alleles that are ____ must be must be present in pairs to express their phenotype.

Recessive

Traits found on the non-autosomal chromosomes are called____

Sex-linked

Methemoglobinemia

Skin appears bluish-purple in color.

When constructing a pedigree, ____ are used to represent males and ____ are used to represent females.

Squares; Circles

Mendel bred an unknown plant displaying a dominant phenotype with an individual showing the recessive phenotype; then, he analyzed the offspring to determine the unknown genotype. This experiment is called a(n)..

Testcross

Phenotype

The appearance of an organism.

When two pea plants with round, yellow seeds breed, they produce many offspring all with round, yellow seeds. The population is considered______.

True-breeding.

Alkaptonuria

Urine turns black when exposed to air.