Biology Chapter 11

Explain the difference between alleles and traits.

Alleles are different forms of genes. Traits are specific characteristics of individuals.

Describe what happens during segregation.

Alleles separate to each cell during the formation of gametes. Gametes are sex cells (sperm or egg).

Explain the difference between complete, incomplete, and codominance and give examples of each.

Complete dominance is when one trait is dominant over another like Mendel's peas. Incomplete dominance is when the traits blend together like the pink flower. Codominance is when both traits are present like the spotted cow.

Explain the difference between genetics and heredity.

Genetics are the scientific study of heredity. Heredity is how traits are passed through generations

Describe how Mendel studied inheritance in peas.

He cross pollinated peas to get F1. He cross-pollinated those to get F2.

Explain the principle of dominance.

If an individual has a dominant allele, it will show. The only way that the recessive allele shows is if there are two recessive alleles.

Explain the principle of independent assortment.

It is the separation of multiple alleles together. It is basically segregation with more alleles.

Explain the P, F1, and F2 generations.

P means parental generation and they are the only pure plants, F1 means first generation and they are all hybrids that show the dominant trait, and F2 means second generation, which are the grandchildren of P.

What inheritance patterns exist aside from simple dominance?

There is codominance, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, and polygenic traits.

Explain polygenic traits.

Traits determined by the interactions of different genes.