Biology Chapter 12 - Understand and Apply Questions, Chapter 15 Quiz, Biology Test 2 Test Questions:, BIO Test #1 Answer key, Bio test #3 !, Biology 1 Exam 4
In the sequence of the 5 to 3 strand is AATGCTAC then the complimentary sequence has the following sequence
3' TTACGATG-5
The probability of a single ally getting into a gummy it's 50% what is the probability of that I like getting into the next generation
50
If xenon has an atomic number of 54 and a mass number of 108, how many neutrons does it have
54
Data from which type of experiment would show that means alleles are closer together on chromosomes
Crossing over data from linkage mans
The four nitrogeous bases in DNA are
Cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine
Which of the following organelles is where most of the DNA is stored? a- nucleus b- nucleolus c- mitochondria d- chloroplast
Nucleus
Select the bond that is most polar
O- H
Mendels law of segregation has which of the following relationships to the concept of homologous chromosomes
One set of homologues contains one version of all genes
Which of the following molecules may contain atoms other than hydrogen, oxygen, phosphate, or carbon?
Organic molecules
Where is most of the ATP generated during aerobic respiration?
Oxidative phosphorylation
which of the following is one of the 6 most common elements found un living things
Oxygen
Which of the following proteins ensures that separate DNA strands don't annel back together
Single-stranded binding proteins
The pores in plant leaves that allow for gas exchange are known as: a- stomata b- desmosomes c-stoma d-chloplast
Stomata
The maximum size of cells is limited because: a- surface to volume ratios b-limited amount of RNA c-limited amount of phospholipid d- limited amount of mitochondria
Surface to volume ratios
Which of the following sequences correctly lists in order the steps involved incorporation of the proteinaceous molecule within a cell a- protein synthesis of the protein on the ribosome, modification in the Golgi apparatus, packaging in the endoplasmic reticulum, tagging in the golgi, distribution via vesicle b-Synthesis of the protein on the ribosome, modification in the endoplasmic reticulum, tagging in the golgi, distribution via vesicle
Synthesis of the protein on the ribosome, modification in the endoplasmic reticulum, tagging in the golgi, distribution via vesicle
Phenotypes like height in humans, which show a continuous distribution, are usually the result of:
The action of multiple genes on a single phenotype.
Why are recessive disease such as hemophilia found more often in males than females
The associated genes are on the X chromosome
which of the following is the fundamental unit of matter
The atom
Which of the following food-related phenomenon is not the result of yeast fermentation? a- browning of bread b- production of alcohol c- production of yogurt d production of alcohol in beer
The browning of bread
An experiment shows that nucleic acids degraded by an enzyme can no longer pass on genetic information. What do u conclude about the enzyme?
The enzyme must break down DNA
What distinguishes one DNA nucleotide from another?
The nitrogenous base
A disease caused by a dominant allele that is fatal when an individual is homozygous for that Allele can be relatively common in a population when
The offspring show no adverse symptoms until later in life after they have already reproduced
Why is the Lac operon in prokaryotes an example of simpler gene regulation than seen in eukaryotes? Select one: a. The operons regulate more than one protein at a time. b. The operons regulate only one protein at a time. c. The operons are always expressed.
The operons regulate more than one protein at a time.
Imagine a cell can perform exocytosis, but only minimal endocytosis. What would happen to the cell.. a- the cell would secrete all its intracellular proteins b- The plasma membrane would increase in size over time c- the cell would lyse
The plasma membrane would increase in size over time
which complex is not involved in the establishment of conditions for atp synthesis a- b- c- d-
photosystem 1
From which component of the light-dependent reactions does NADPH form most directly? a- b- c-photosystem II d-
photosystem II
the energy released by the hydrolysis of ATP is a- b- c- d-
providing energy to coupled reactions
what happens to the ATP generated in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis? a- b- c- d-
they are used in the light-independent reactions to generate glucose
how do NADH molecules contribute to electron transport? a- electron transport b-they donate high energy electrons to the chain c- they accept electrons
they donate high energy electrons to the chain
what happens to electrons as they pass down the electron transport chain? a- they are transferred to NADPH b-they gain energy c- they are transferred to NADH molecules d- they lose energy
they lose energy
how many NADH molecules are produced on each turn of the citric acid cycle a- one b- two c-three d-four
three
which statement about thylakoids in eukaryotes is NOT correct? a- thylakoids are assembled in stacks b- thylakoids exist as a maze of folded membranes c- the space surrounding thylakoids is called the storm d- thylakoids contains chlorophyll
thylakoids exist as a maze of folded membranes
The process of converting DNA to RNA is called _________________. Select one: a. transcription b. transduction c. translation
transcripiton
The process of converting RNA to protein is called: Select one: a. transduction b. translation c. transcription
translation
How many subunits does the ribosome contain? Select one: a. one b. three c. two
two
How many turns of the Citric Acid Cycle are required for a single glucose to be metabolized? a- one b- two c- six d- three
two
Table sugar (sucrose) is composed of how many simple sugars molecules?
two
Which of the sequences below is correctly ordered from smallest to largest classification
·Atoms, organelles, cells, communities
The a-helix and B-pleated sheet are part of which protein structure?
Secondary
Which type of chemical bond is formed between the atoms of a simple carbohydrates?
Covalent
The fold in the inner mitochondrial membrane are referred to as the.. a- b- c- d-
Cristae
Meselson and Stahls Experiment provided the DNA replicates By which mode
Semi conservative
The carbohydrate cellulose is made of which type of subunit?
Simple Sugar
The F1 plants from the previous question are allowed to self fertilize. The phenotypic ratio for the F2 should be:
3 PURPLE: 1 WHTE
Which recombination frequency corresponds to independent assoryment and the absence of linkage
.50
You discover a new variety of plant with color varieties of purple and white. When you intercross these, the F1 is a lighter purple. You consider that this may be an example of blending and self-cross the F1. If Mendel is correct, what would you predict for the F2?
1 purple: 2 light purple: 1 white.
What is the probability of obtaining an individual with the genotype CC from a cross between two individuals with the genotypes CC and Cc?
1/2
What is the probability of obtaining an individual with the genotype bb from a cross between two individuals with the genotype Bb?
1/4
Approximately how many ATP are produced in anaerobic respiration of glucose? a- 38 b-20 c- 2 d- 6
2
How many photons does it take to fully reduce one molecule of NADP+ to NADPH? a- 1 b-2 c-4 d-8
2
A Dihybrid cross between a plant with long smooth leaves and a plant with short hairy leaves produces a long smooth F1. If this F1 is allowed to self-cross to produce an F2, what would you predict for the ratio of F2 phenotypes?
9 long smooth; 3 long hairy; 3 short smooth; 1 short hairy.
In complementary base pairs during DNA replication
A binds to T, C binds to G
Prokaryotes do not contain a- a mitochondria b- DNA c- ribosomes d- plasma membrane
A mitochondria
What is NOT a function or property of mitochondria in the cell a- ATP production b-their own DNA c- a nucleus
A nucleus
Mendel's model assumes that each trait is determined by a single factor with alternate forms. We now know that this is too simplistic and that:
A single gene can affect more than one trait, and traits may be affected by more than one gene.
an explanation for a phenomenon that has been tested by numerous related experiments and revised hypothesis
A theory
Which of the following transfer RNA binding sites is found on the ribosome? Select one: a. A, P, E b. A, G, T c. A, C, U
A, P, E
three of the same species of plant are each grown under a different colored light for the same amount of time. plant a is grown under blue light, plant b is grown under green light, and plant c is grown under orange light. assuming the plants use only chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b for photosynthesis, what would be the predicted order of the plants from most growth to least growth? a- A,B,C b- A,C,B c-B,A,C d-C,A,B
A,c,b
during the second half of glycolysis, what occurs a- ATP is used up b- fructose is split in two c-ATP is made d- glucose becomes fructose
ATP is made
The proton gradient in mitochondria powers what enzyme? a- cytochrome b b- aminoacyl transferase c-ATP synthase
ATP synthase
NOT a fundamental characteristic of life
Ability to communicate with other members of the same life form
Which of the following experiments would show whether an electrochemical gradient is necessary for ATP generation in the mitochondria? a-Add molecules called ionophores that allow free passage of ions across membrane b- add protein synthesis inhibitors c- inhibit electron transport d- addition ofsugar
Add molecules called ionophores that allow free passage of ions across membrane
Bacteria that lack fimbriae are less likely to a- Adhere to cell surfaces b- swim through bodily fluids c- d-
Adhere to cell surfaces
The F1 generation of the monohybrid cross purple (PP) x white (pp) flower pea plants should:
All have purple flowers.
Bacterial transformation is a major concern in many medical settings why am I healthcare providers be concerned
All of the above
The two forms of genes found in the same location on the homologous chromosomes are called A- factors B- alleles C- traits
Alleles
Linked genes are
Always on the same chromosome
How would you predict the existence of transfer RNA without knowing its biochemical nature? Select one: a. You cannot predict this. b. Transfer RNA must exist because translation uses many types of RNA. c. An adaptor molecule must exist with characteristics of both nucleic acids and proteins.
An adaptor molecule must exist with characteristics of both nucleic acids and proteins.
Choose the best definition for the word "hypothesis"
An explanation that can be tested by observation or experimentation
Which of the following best explains the natural formation of ions?
An unfilled outer electron shell and electron transfer
Mendel performed hybridization by transferring pollen from the ... of the male plant to the female ova
Anther
Which type of process shows that DNA was the genetic material
Bacterial transformation
What type of chemical bond links carbon atoms together in the "backbone" of macro-molecules?
Covalent
In Biology, polymerization of molecules results in what we call
Biological macro-molecules
Which of the following types of cells contain ribosomes? a- prokaryotic cells b- eukaryotic cells c- Both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells d- cells don't contain robosomes
Both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells
Which of the following strands of DNA are copied during DNA replication
Both the 5 to3 and a 3 to 5 strand
Cells were originally discovered: a- By the use of a compound light microscope b- By the use of a electron microscope c- By the use of the dissecting light microscope d-by the use of the fluorescent microscope
By the use of a compound light microscope
When Mendel crossed to true breeding P plants with contrasting traits a-The factor for other trait disappeared in first generation C- all of F1 generation where is heterozygous for the
C- all of F1 generation where is heterozygous for the trait
Consider a long smooth F1 plant from the previous question. This plant's genotype:
Can only be inferred by another cross.
Which of the following molecules are often made of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon only?
Carbohydrates
Treatment of the outside of the cell membrane with an enzyme that removes carbohydrates inhibits the function of some surface proteins what would you conclude a- b- c- d-
Carbohydrates are important for external protein function
Which of the following elements is the "backbone" of the macromolecules observed in living things?
Carbon
Plant cell walls contain which of the following in abundance?
Cellulose
Which of the following organelle is more predominant in a plant cells versus an animal cell? a-nucleus b- Golgi body c-central vaculole
Central vacuole
The first suggestion that chromosomes may physically exchange segments came from the microscopic identification of
Chiasmata
The simplest steroid molecule is known as:
Cholesterol
Which molecule is found in animal cell membranes only?
Cholesterol
A drug disrupts that aggregation of the tubulin proteins will affect the shape of a- mitochondria b-chloroplast c- cilia and flagella d-lysosomes
Cilia and flagella
How does the double helix structure of DNA support its role in encoding the genome?
Complementary base pairing creates a very stable structure
The principal force driving movement in diffusion is the ________ a- temperature b-particle size c- Concentration gradient
Concentration gradient
an experimental group matching all the conditions of the experiment except the variable being tested Is called the ____ group
Control
In which process is the final product a 2 carbon molecule? a- glycolysis b- Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA c-calvin cycle
Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA
Compare the storage of DNA in a prokaryotic cell versus a eukaryotic cell a- DNA in a prokaryotic cell is found in a membrane bound nucleus b- DNA in a Eukaryotic cell is found in a membrane bound nucleus c- DNA in a Eukaryotic cell is stored in a region of the cell known as the nuclear,eoid d-DNA in a prokaryotic cell is bound to histones
DNA in a Eukaryotic cell is found in a membrane bound nucleus
Which type of enzyme joins DNA segments together
DNA ligase
During proof reading which of the following enzymes reads the DNA
DNA pol
Why can't the lagging strand be replicated as a continuous segment by DNA polymerase
DNA polymerase can only synthesize in the 5 to 3 direction
Predicting the outcome of a specific event based on a general principle is what kind of reasoning?
Deductive
Active transport must function continuously because____ a- plasma membrane wear out b-not all membranes are amohiphillic c- facilitated transport opposes active transport d-Diffusion is constantly moving solutes in opposite directions
Diffusion is constantly moving solutes in opposite directions
Which of the following proteins unwines the DNA of the replication fork
Dna helicase
How would you design an experiment to show the two genes were closely linked
Do you mating studies and look at the rate of crossing over
Which characteristic of a phospholipids contributes to the fluidity of the membrane? a- its head b-Double bonds in the fatty acid tail c- cholesterol
Double bonds in the fatty acid tail
What is the combination of the electrical gradient, and a concentration gradient called? a- potential gradient b-Electrochemical gradient c- electrical protential d- concentration potential
Electrochemical gradient
Which concepts explains why mitochondria, nuclei, and chloroplast have double membranes? a- b- c- d-
Endosymbiosis
Water moves via osmosis________ a- through the cytoplasm b- From an area of high concentration of water to one of lower concentration
From an area of high concentration of water to one of lower concentration
When a piece of a chromosome breaks off and is re-inserted such that the alleles are in reverse order this is called a
Inversion
An atom that gains or loses an electron or pair pf electrons is called a(n)
Ion
18.Which type of animal junction is predominant in heart muscle? a- b- c- d-
Gap junctions
Which of the following most readily pass through biological membranes? a- large, soluble proteins b- small, soluble proteins c-ions d-Gasses, such as oxygen or carbon dioxide
Gasses, such as oxygen or carbon dioxide
Which concert explains why DNA is not always identical in cells after mitosis
Gene mutation
The alleles an organism contains is known as it
Genotype
Which of the following polysaccharides is used as an energy storage molecule in animal cells?
Glycogen
Which of the following organelles relies on the exocytosis to complete its function? a- Golgi apparatus b-nucleus c- mitochondria d-endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
You need to design an experiment to show that a newly discovered bacterium is facultatively anaerobic. How would you determine this experimentally? a- grow at a pH of 5.0 b- grow without oxygen in a closed system
Grow without oxygen in a closed system
Why did Gregory Mendel ship off the male sexual part of some other flowers and his Pea plants A He wanted to control fertilization B. He wanted to control meiosis C he wanted to observe natural fertilization
He wanted to control fertilization
Individuals with two different forms of gene are called
Heterozygous
Which type of bond allows the two strands of DNA to separates during DNA replication without breaking each individual strand?
Hydrogen
Which type of bond represents a weak chemical bond?
Hydrogen Bond
Molecules that interact well with water molecules are called: a- Hydrophilic b- hydrophobic c-nonpolar d-hydrocarbon
Hydrophilic
which of the following is an educated guess to explain a phenomenon
Hypothesis
Which of the following is NOT a part of Mendel's five-element model?
If an allele is present it will be expressed.
If black and white true breeding mice are mated and in the result is all grey offspring what inheritance pattern would be indicative of
Incomplete dominance
Which of the following features of phospholipids accounts for the fluidity of the cell membranes? a- fatty acids are bonded to glycerol b- phosphates a re present c-Individual phospholipids are not covalently bonded together in the membrane. d- sugars are present
Individual phospholipids are not covalently bonded together in the membrane.
The key components of desmosomes are cadherins and.. a- b-Intermediate filaments c- d-
Intermediate filaments
Which of the following is the direct result of the inside of the membrane phospholipids bilayer being non-polar a- Ions can easily pass through the membrane b- Ions cannot easily pass through the membrane c- water molecules cannot pass through the membrane d- being able to survive the arctic sea
Ions cannot easily pass through the membrane
In what important way does receptor-mediated endocytosis differ from phagocytosis? a- transports only small amount of fluid b- it does not involve the pitching off of membrane c-It brings in only a specifically target substance d- brings substances into the cell while phagocytosis moves substances
It brings in only a specifically target substance
What happens to the membrane of a vesicle after exocytosis? a- leave the cell b- dissembled by the cell c- It fuses with and becomes part of the plasma membrane d- it is used again in another exocytosis event
It fuses with and becomes part of the plasma membrane
Explain the genetic code in terms of information flow in the central dogma: Select one: a. It is a way of making sure DNA does not get mutated. b. It is a way of making sure the correct protein is made from the messenger RNA. c. It is a way of making sure the correct RNA is made.
It is a way of making sure the correct protein is made from the messenger RNA.
The genotype XXY corresponds to
Klinefelter syndromes
On which strand of DNA are the Okazaki fragments made during DNA replication
Lagging strand
How would you determine if a human cell came from a genetic female
Look for the presence of a bar body
Tay-Sachs Disease is a genetic disorder that results in the destruction of nuerons due to the buildup of sphingolipids in cells. Which organelle is malfunctioning in tay-Sachs? a- lysosomes b- endoplasmic reticulum c- Golgi apperatus d-mitochondria
Lysosomes
10. Which concepts explains why mitochondria, nuclei, and chloroplast have double membranes
Maintenance of constant internal pH
What property distinguished Mendel's investigation from previous studies?
Mendel quantified his results.
which of the following is common to all living things
Metabolism
In a plant cell, which organelle has its own DNA a-lysosomes b- Golgi apparatus c-Mitochondria d- central vaculole
Mitochondria
Which of the following is/are found in plant cells? a-Mitochondria b-chloroplast c-ribosomes d- a , b ,c
Mitochondria, chloroplast and ribosomes
Whithin the nuclear envelope one can find a-fivronectin b- integrins c-chromatin d-nuclear pores
Nuclear pores
Which class of macro-molecules generally contains the most phosphorus (P)?
Nucleic acids
Which of the following organelles is where ribosomes are synthesized? a- nucleus b- nucleolus c- mitochondria
Nucleolus
In which situation would passive transport not use a transport protein for entry into the cell? a- sodium flowing into hypotonic environment b- glucose being absorbed into the blood c- an ion flowing into a nerve cell to create an electrical potential d-Oxygen moving into a cell after oxygen deprivation
Oxygen moving into a cell after oxygen deprivation
The process by which a cell engulfs a forgein particle is known as: a-endosymbiois b-Phagocytosis c-hydrocytosis d-membrane synthesis
Phagocytosis
The set of observational traits of an organism is known as
Phenotype
An organism's ____ is/are determined by its ____.
Phenotype;genotype
A glycerol molecule bonded to two fatty acids and a phosphate group is called a :
Phospholipid
What structure exchanges genetic material during conjugation in prokaryotic cell? a- b- c- d-
Pili
Plant cells can communicate via: a- stomata b- desmosomes c- Plasmodesmata d- neurons
Plasmodesmata
The golgi apparatus performs which of the following functions? a- Protein modification b- ion transport c-autophagy d-endocytosis
Protein modification
The Hershey chase blender experiment showed that material forms bacteriophage labeled with radioactive sulfur did not remain with the transducted bacteria when the phage "bodies" were knocked off. what did they conclude from this result
Proteins cannot be genetic material
The process of drawing square diagrams to predict the outcome of the cross was developed by
Punnet
which of the following levels of protein structure is the most complex?
Quaternary
An allele masked or hidden by the presence of another is referred to as
Recessive
The two areas are enzymes other proteins and DNA polymerase converge near separating strands during DNA replication and move in opposite directions are called the
Replication fork
Which organelle is associated with ribosomes? a- Rough endoplasmic reticulum b- smooth endoplasmic reticulum c- vacuoles
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
which molecule must enter the Calvin cycle continually and be regenerated for the light-independent reactions to take place a- RuBisCO b-RuBp c-3-PGA d- CO2
RuBp
A systematic program or approach with defined steps that include careful observation, experimentation in something we call
Scientific Method
A landscaper wants to plant shrubs that require a soil pH of 7.0 near some evergreen trees, and the soil in this location is a pH of 6.0. Which course of action should he pursue?
The soil has ten times the H+ concentration he desires sp he should add an alkaline material to the soil
Some proteins lose their function when exposed to heat. What concept explains this?
The structure and function of proteins is lost during denaturation
Many viruses enter host cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis. What is the advantage of this entry strategy? a- the virus directly enters the cytoplasm of the cell b- the virus is protected from recognition by the white blood cells c-The virus only enter its target host cell type
The virus only enter its target host cell type
Which feature of the phospholipids is the most critical to their ability to form bilayers in cell membranes a-They are amphipathic b- They are polar c-They are non polar d- They are hydrophilic
They are amphipathic
The phenotype of woman with more than one X chromosome is relatively normal compared to other triaomies. why?
They can't simply form to bar bodies leaving them with one active X chromosome
which of the following is not true about enzymes: a- b- c- d-
They increase ∆G of reactions
Saturated fats have all of the following characteristics except:
They tend to dissolve in water easily
Why can't the bases sequence TGCCGAACTTGAA be translated directly? Select one: a. This is a segment of DNA, not RNA. b. There are too many bases for a codon. c. This is a segment of RNA, not DNA.
This is a segment of DNA, not RNA.
Which type of animal cell junction is found in the lining of the epithelial layers of the small intestine a- b- c- d-
Tight junctions
What is the ultimate goal of all of science considered as one pursuit?
To expand human knowledge
Which of the following proteins relieves pressure from DNA supercoiling during DNA replication
Topoisomerase
The process of using DNA from one bacterium to alter the characteristics of another is called
Transformation
When one piece of chromosome breaks off and is transferred to a non-homozygous chromosomes this is known as
Translocation
Which of the following microscopes is used to view organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum? a- sinning electron microscope b- light microscope c- Transmission electron microscope d- dissecting light microscope
Transmission electron microscope
When an individual has three homozygous chromosomes instead of two your condition is called
Trisomy
Which of the following nitrogenous bases is not found in DNA
Uracil
Who discovered the double helix structure of DNA
Watson and crick
which of the following analogies best describes the induced-fit model of enzyme-substrate binding? a- b- c- d-
a hug between two people
which of the following is not nucleic acid?
a nucleotide
A reducing chemical reaction ________. a- b- c- d-
adds an electron to the substrate
Each transfer RNA has a sequence complimentary to the codon known as the: Select one: a. retrocodon b. anticodon c. negacodon
anticodon
predict the end result if a chloroplasts light-independent enzymes developed a mutation that prevented them from activating response to light. a- GA3P accumulation b- atp and nadph accumulation c- water accumulation d-carbon dioxide depletion
atp and nadph accumulation
which of the following structures is NOT a component of a photosystem? a- b- c- d-
atp synthase
What are non-sex chromosomes called?
autosomes
An allosteric inhibitor does which of the following? a- b- c- d-
binds to an enzyme away form the active site and changes the conformation of the active site, increasing or decreasing its affinity for substrate binding.
what is removed from pyruvate during its conversion into an acetyl group? a- oxygen b- ATP c- B vitamin d- carbo dioxide
carbon dioxide
The flow of information in genetics is often diagrammed in the following way, DNA <----> RNA ----> Protein, and is better known as the: Select one: a. theory of genetic flow b. theory of relativity c. central dogma of molecular genetics
central dogma of molecular genetics
what are the major absorbing pigments in photosynthesis? a- b- c- d-
chlorophyl
where in eukaryotic cells does the Calvin cycle take place? a- thylakoid membrane b- thylakoid lumen c-chloroplast stroma d-granum
chloroplast stroma
Where in the cell does glycolysis occur? a: mitochondria b: glogi c: cytoplasm d: Rough ER
cytoplasm
A nucleotide of DNA may contain _____.
deoxyribose, thymine, and a phosphate group
Which of the following adheres one plant cell to another? a- b- c- d-
desmosomes
whereas technology is science applied to solving real-world problems, basis or "pure" science tends to be more oriented toward
discovering knowledge for knowledge's sake
NAD+ is a(n) a- electron acceptor b- high energy molecule c- electron donor
electron acceptor
Where do most of the NADH and FADH2 end up during aerobic respiration? a- glycolysis b-electron transport c- Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA
electron transport
which of the following comparisons or contrasts between endergonic and exergonic reactions is false? a- b- c- d-
endergonic reactions take place slowly and exergonic reactions take place quickly.
How many different types of nucleotides are found in DNA?
four
How many different types of nucleotides are found in RNA?
four
Mendel worked with what a-garden pea b-mouse c-dophins
garden pea
A chart showing the codons used for each amino acid is known as the: Select one: a. codon chart b. genetic code c. periodic table
genetic code
a major initial product for sugars in glycolysis is a- fructose-1, 6 bisphosphate b- dihydroxyacetone phosphate c- phosphonolypyuvate d-glucose-6-phosphate
glucose-6-phosphate
What is the term associated with the combination of carbohydrates and lipids? a-carbolipids b- fatty acid c- low density lipoprotein d-glycolipid
glycolipid
The breakdown of glucose into pyruvate is known as a- citric acid cycle b- glycolysis c- electron transport d- gluconeeogensis
glycolysis
DNA is wrapped around proteins called
histones
The first stage of translation is known as Select one: a. elongation b. termination c. initiation
initiation
What type of fermentation occurs in human muscle during exercise? a- lactic acid b- aerobic c- pyruvate d- alcoholic
lactic acid
which of the following fermentation methods can occur in animal skeletal muscles a- lactic acid fermentation b- alcohol fermentation c- mixed acid fermentation d- propionic fermentation
lactic acid fermentation
who discovered independent assortment of genetic factors
mendel
Which type of RNA carries the code for the sequence of amino acids in a protein? Select one: a. ribosomal RNA b. transfer RNA c. messenger RNA
messenger RNA
X linked recessive traits in humans are observed
more males than females
select the answer that places the scientific method in proper order
observe, question, hypothesize, predict, experiment, analyze, communicate
Which of the following are liquid at room temperature
oils
Fructose is composed of how many simple sugar molecules?
one
how could you show that the carbons in glucose end up being emitted as carbon dioxide gas during aerobic respiration? a- breaks down glucose with enzymes b-radiolabel carbons in glucoses and see if emitted carbon dioxide is radioactive c- radiolabel carbons in carbon dioxide and see if the glucose becomes radioactive d-peptide experiments at high pressure
radiolabel carbons in glucoses and see if emitted carbon dioxide is radioactive
How many turns of the Calvin cycle are needed to generate a single glucose? a- one b- two c-six d- three
six
in which compartment of the plant cell do the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis take place? a- thylakoid b- stroma c- outer membrane d- mesophyll
stroma
the open area within the chloroplast external to the thylakoid disks is called the: a- electron transport c- stroma
stroma
GTP or ATP is produced during the conversion of ________. a- isocitrateinto a-ketoglutarate b- succinyl CoA into succinate c- fumarate into malate d-malate into oxaloacetate
succinyl CoA into succinate
What two main products result from photosynthesis? a- oxygen and carbon b- chlorophyll and oxygen c- sugars/carbohydrates and oxygen d-sugars/carbohydrates and carbon dioxide
sugars/carbohydrates and oxygen
beta-oxidation is a- the breakdown of sugars b- the assembly of sugars c-the breakdown of fatty acids d- the removal of amino groups from amino acids
the breakdown of fatty acids
which statement correctly describes carbon fixation a- the conversion of co2 into an organic compound b-the use of RuVisCO to form 3-PGA c- the production of carbohydrate molecule from G3P d-the formation of RuBP from G3P molecule
the conversion of co2 into an organic compound
Chemiosmosis involves a- the movement of electrons across the cell membrane b- the movement of potassium atom across a mitochondria membrane c- the movement of hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial membrane d- the movement of glucose though the cell movement
the movement of hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial membrane
Which of the following is surrounded by two phospholipid bilayers? a- ribosomes b-vesicles c- cytoplasm d-the nucleoplasm
the nucleoplasm
Phospholipids are important components of _____.
the plasma membrane of cells
