Biology Chapter 2
Which number represents the atomic weight of oxygen?
16
What is maximum number of single covalent bonds a carbon atom can form with other elements?
4
How many neutrons are in a typical oxygen atom?
8
The typical carbon atom is described in the periodic table by the accompanying box. How many protons are in a typical oxygen atom?
8
While the maximum number of electrons required to fill the outermost shell of an atom varies depending on the size of the atom, almost all of the smaller atoms (atomic numbers 2-20) are considered stable (nonreactive) when they contain ________ electron(s) in the outermost shell.
8
What is a trace element?
An element that is required in miniscule amounts for life
What is not one of the four atoms that make up the bulk of living organisms?
Calcium
Based on the suffix, a molecule of "maltose" is most likely what type of macromolecule?
Carbohydrate
Which of the following large organic molecules include table sugar?
Carbohydrates
What are the four classes of large organic molecules important to life on earth?
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
Organic compounds are distinguished by molecules that contain________ bonded to other elements.
Carbon
Which of the following is a polysaccharide?
Cellulose
The chemical name for table salt is sodium chloride, or simply NaCl. What type of chemical is NaCl?
Compound
The building of a large organic molecule from small subunits involves multiple_________?
Dehydration synthesis reactions
Why is one side of a single water molecule partially negative while the other side is partially positive?
Electron pairs are unevenly shared between the oxygen atom and the two hydrogen atoms.
Proteins are diverse molecules that perform a wide variety of functions. Which of the following is not a typical function of proteins?
Energy storage
Evaluate this statement: Cholesterol is a type of lipid, and thus all cholesterol lipids are bad for human health.
False, because some types of cholesterol increase heart disease, but other types are necessary, especially in the plasma membrane
If the number of protons in an atom does not match the number of electrons, the atom is called an________?
Ion
In an atom, the number of neutrons determines most specifically the _________.
Isotope
What is the sum total of all the chemical reactions that take place in your body called?
Metabolism
Which of the following is not made from long chains of glucose?
Monosaccharides
What is the most common element in your body?
Oxygen
What kind of bond joins amino acids together to form a protein?
Peptide Bond
A needle can be made to "float" on the surface tension of water. What causes this surface tension to form?
The cohesion of water molecules to each other
Select the most complete explanation of what the pH scale actually measures.
The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
Identify the part of the atom that most determines the chemical properties of the atom.
The number of Electrons
What will be accomplished by lowering the activation energy of a reaction?
The reaction will proceed more quickly
The majority of the elements essential to life are found in what part of the periodic table?
The top third
What are the ecological consequences of acidification of rain and oceans?
They damage the health of ecosystems
Oil hydrogenation can produce a product, such as vegetable shortening or margarine, that is spreadable at room temperature. What is the name of this category of lipid?
Trans Fat
Which of the following dietary fats is considered to be the least healthy?
Trans Fat
Something with a pH of 5 would be __________.
acidic
What are the monomers of proteins?
amino acids
The bond in which bonded atoms share electrons is called a(n) ________.
covalent bond
Individual water molecules are held to one another by relatively weak ________ bonds.
hydrogen
The breaking of a large organic molecule into smaller individual subunits involves multiple ________.
hydrolysis reactions
All lipids are
hydrophobic
Enzymes are a type of ____
protein
During a chemical reaction, atoms are_______
rearranged