biology chapter 21-protist evolution and diversity
what are characteristics that describe protists?
1. Multicellular 2. colonial 3. single-celled 4.diverse
what's a trichocyst?
A ciliate structure that contains long barbed threads that function in defense and prey capture
Whats a zoospore?
A haploid spore that grows to become an adult vegetative cell of a protist
What type of green algae is most similar to land plants?
Charophytes
What are the two groups of green algae?
Charophytes and chlorophytes
The endosymbiotic theory proposes the evolution of what type if cells?
Eukaryotic cells
Parabasalids
cause the STD trichomoniasis; Golgi apparatus and flagella are connected with fibers
Diplomonad
causes girardiosis; contains two nuclei and two sets of flagella
ciliates reproduce asexually by.... and sexually by...?
ciliates reproduce asexually by binary fission and sexually by conjugation
what's protozoa's method of acquiring nutrition?
consists of heterotrophic protists that obtain organic compounds from their environment.
The Archeaplastids include photosynthetic organisms and have plastids derived from what?
cyanobacteria
before slime molds were classified as protists, what were they classified as?
fungi
Whats water mold?
fungus like filamentous protists that typically decompose freshwater organisms
in normal, favorable conditions, Chlamydomonas exist as what type of cell?
haploid cells
test
loose fitting calcium carbonate shell of a foramifeniferen
What type of protists are algae?
photoautotrophic
Dinoflagellates
plant-like protist that causes red tide
conjugation
process in which paramecia and some prokaryotes exchange genetic information, accompanies sexual reproduction
Whats the groups of eukaryotes that are very diverse, usually single celled, but may be multi cellular or colonial?
protists
the amoebozoans are the protozoans that move using the what?
pseudopods
Alveolates are...
single celled
sporangium
specific structure that produces and releases spores during the sporophyte slime mold life cycle
diatom
stamenopile alga with valves made of silica
Whats happens during sexual reproduction of Dinoflagellates?
the zygote divides meiotically and one daughter cell is produced
What are Alveolates?
Alveolates are a large diverse group of organisms having sacs (alveoli) under their plasma membrane. Many of these organisms are photosynthetic with cellulose in their cell walls.
Whats the common mode of reproduction in protists in favorable environments?
Asexual reproduction (sexual reproduction is in unfavorable environments)
Euglenids
Flagellated and flexible freshwater unicellular excavates that usually contains chloroplasts and has a eye spot -reproduce asexually by longitudinal cell division
what are apicomplexans?
Group of parasitic protozoans that penetrate host cells, including a member that causes malaria. They lack mobility and form spores
Whats green algae consist of what? and is found where?
Group of photosynthetic protists that contain chlorophyll a and b is found in fresh water and ocean water, and are mostly single celled
how does plasmodium vivax reproduce?
It produces sexually in a mosquito, and asexually in a human.
Protists are an abundant component of what sea creature?
Plankton
Whats a colonial green algae that looks like a hollow sphere?
Volvox
what's a ciliate?
a complex unicellular protist that moves by means of cilia and digests food in food vacuoles
what's a radiolarian?
a protozoan with a glassy silicone test and pseudopods that extend outward from the test
what's algae's method of finding nutrition?
algae consists of photoautotrophic protists that use photosynthesis to create organic compounds
