biology chapter 21-protist evolution and diversity

what are characteristics that describe protists?

1. Multicellular 2. colonial 3. single-celled 4.diverse

what's a trichocyst?

A ciliate structure that contains long barbed threads that function in defense and prey capture

Whats a zoospore?

A haploid spore that grows to become an adult vegetative cell of a protist

What type of green algae is most similar to land plants?

Charophytes

What are the two groups of green algae?

Charophytes and chlorophytes

The endosymbiotic theory proposes the evolution of what type if cells?

Eukaryotic cells

Parabasalids

cause the STD trichomoniasis; Golgi apparatus and flagella are connected with fibers

Diplomonad

causes girardiosis; contains two nuclei and two sets of flagella

ciliates reproduce asexually by.... and sexually by...?

ciliates reproduce asexually by binary fission and sexually by conjugation

what's protozoa's method of acquiring nutrition?

consists of heterotrophic protists that obtain organic compounds from their environment.

The Archeaplastids include photosynthetic organisms and have plastids derived from what?

cyanobacteria

before slime molds were classified as protists, what were they classified as?

fungi

Whats water mold?

fungus like filamentous protists that typically decompose freshwater organisms

in normal, favorable conditions, Chlamydomonas exist as what type of cell?

haploid cells

test

loose fitting calcium carbonate shell of a foramifeniferen

What type of protists are algae?

photoautotrophic

Dinoflagellates

plant-like protist that causes red tide

conjugation

process in which paramecia and some prokaryotes exchange genetic information, accompanies sexual reproduction

Whats the groups of eukaryotes that are very diverse, usually single celled, but may be multi cellular or colonial?

protists

the amoebozoans are the protozoans that move using the what?

pseudopods

Alveolates are...

single celled

sporangium

specific structure that produces and releases spores during the sporophyte slime mold life cycle

diatom

stamenopile alga with valves made of silica

Whats happens during sexual reproduction of Dinoflagellates?

the zygote divides meiotically and one daughter cell is produced

What are Alveolates?

Alveolates are a large diverse group of organisms having sacs (alveoli) under their plasma membrane. Many of these organisms are photosynthetic with cellulose in their cell walls.

Whats the common mode of reproduction in protists in favorable environments?

Asexual reproduction (sexual reproduction is in unfavorable environments)

Euglenids

Flagellated and flexible freshwater unicellular excavates that usually contains chloroplasts and has a eye spot -reproduce asexually by longitudinal cell division

what are apicomplexans?

Group of parasitic protozoans that penetrate host cells, including a member that causes malaria. They lack mobility and form spores

Whats green algae consist of what? and is found where?

Group of photosynthetic protists that contain chlorophyll a and b is found in fresh water and ocean water, and are mostly single celled

how does plasmodium vivax reproduce?

It produces sexually in a mosquito, and asexually in a human.

Protists are an abundant component of what sea creature?

Plankton

Whats a colonial green algae that looks like a hollow sphere?

Volvox

what's a ciliate?

a complex unicellular protist that moves by means of cilia and digests food in food vacuoles

what's a radiolarian?

a protozoan with a glassy silicone test and pseudopods that extend outward from the test

what's algae's method of finding nutrition?

algae consists of photoautotrophic protists that use photosynthesis to create organic compounds