True or False
some valid arguments are cogent
-false -an argument can't be valid and cogent
if argument is deductively strong for someone it cannot have false premises
-false -can have a valid argument with high degree belief, nonetheless it has false premises
no argument that is inductively strong for someone may have a false premise
-false -claims itself still might not be true
whether an argument is cogent may vary from person to person
-false -cogency is dependent on form of argument
the truth of a statement may vary from person to person
-false -depends on the evidence the person has prior to seeing the argument
it is possible for someone's total evidence to defeat an argument that's inductively strong for them
-false -doesn't have any defeating evidence
every sound argument has premises that are reasonable for everyone
-false -evidence might differ even if premises are strong
only true beliefs are reasonable
-false -ex: coin flipping case
if an argument is defeated by one's total evidence, it's irrational for one to believe its conclusion
-false -have no evidence to believe it -can be rational to suspend judgement
the following statement may be the conclusion of a sound argument: obama isn't a democrat
-false -sound argument can't have false conclusion
whether an argument is valid may vary from person to person
-false -structure of claims and if conclusion matches up to premises
only reasonable beliefs are true
-false -there are true beliefs that aren't reasonable -true evidence by argument doesn't make sense
whether an argument is sound may vary from person to person
-false -valid and true premises -doesn't depend on us thinking whether argument is valid or invalid
all arguments that are deductively strong for someone are sound
-false -you can have good evidence for something that is false
if an argument is deductively weak for someone, it must be rational for them to disbelieve its conclusion
-false -you can suspend judgement -don't have to disbelieve conclusion if you know of another argument
every sound argument must be deductively strong for everyone
-false Example: (P1) all cats are blue (P2) sabrina's cat is blue (C) sabrina's pet is blue
if argument is deductively strong for someone it must have a true conclusion
-false Example: (P1) all cats are blue (P2) sabrina's cat is blue (C) sabrina's pet is blue
no cogent argument has a false conclusion
-false Example: (P1) almost all x are y (P2) a is a x (C) therefore, x is a y
-no ill formed argument has a true conclusion
-false Example: (P1) if P then Q (P2) ~P (C) ~Q
it is possible for a cogent argument with true premises and true conclusion to be deductively weak for someone
-true
some invalid arguments are cogent
-true -all cogent arguments are invalid
it is possible to be certain of something not supported by one's total evidence
-true -because people always don't think rationally or may have very little evidence to what they are certain of
only cogent arguments can be defeated
-true -can have background that is false based on the argument Example: (P1) all US cities get more than 20 more inches of rain a year (P2) Tuscan is a city (C) Tuscan gets more than 20 inches of rain a year
if an argument is defeated by one's total evidence, it must be rational for one to believe all of its premises
-true -can only defeat an argument that is cogent and that has reasonable premises for you -by adding premises that are false to the argument
it is possible to be certain of something false
-true -depends on evidence and rationality -can be wrong even if completely confident
the rationality of a belief may vary from person to person
-true -depends on evidence, different people may have different evidence
no deductively unsound argument may be inductively strong for someone
-true -every cogent argument that you have reasonable premises and conclusion
it is possible to rationally believe something false
-true -if confident in decision and rationality, NOT only the degree of belief
all valid arguments with false conclusions have at least one false premise
-true -just by the definition of validity
only well formed arguments can be deductively strong for someone
-true -needs to be well formed
it is possible to rationally believe something for which one doesn't have conclusive evidence
-true -rational belief requires support matches evidence
whether an argument is deductively strong may vary person to person
-true -rational to believe if argument is deductively strong depending if evidence supports the conjunction -2 reasonable premises
whether an argument is inductively strong may vary person to person
-true -there can be arguments that have reasonable premises but still not strong due to evidence Example: (P1) most cities in the US get more than 20 inches of rain a year (P2) Tuscan is a US city (P3) Tuscan doesn't get 20 inches of rain a year (C) Tuscan gets more than 20 inches a year -think about cogency and prior knowledge
if an argument is inductively strong for someone, it must be irrational for them to suspend judgement on the conclusion
-true -total evidence requires that you believe it
the following statement may be the conclusion of a deductively strong argument: obama isn't a past US president
-true Example: (P1) Obama is tall and handsome (P2) No president has been tall and handsome (C) therefore, obama isn't a past US pres
the following statement may be the conclusion of a cogent argument: it will rain every day in Tuscan
-true Example: (P1) in every state in the US it will rain everyday (P2) Tuscan is a state in the US (C) therefore, it will rain everyday in Tuscan
