Biology Chapter 25

Behavioral Responses

Adjusting animals behavior to the environment such as migrating, warming themselves, etc.

Metabolic heat production

Chemical energy is converted to ATP and the cells use this to work and heat is produced.

4 forms of heat exchange

Conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation

Osmoconformers

Do not undergo a net gain or loss of water.

Radiation

Emission of radioactive waves that can transfer heat without direct contact

Insulation

Hair, feathers, and fat layers.

Circulatory adaptations

Heat loss can be altered by change in amount of blood flowing through the skin. Vessels constrict to keep heat and dilute to lose heat.

Osmoregulation

Homeostatic control of the uptake and loss of water and solutes.

Evaporation

Loss of heat from surface of a liquid that's losing some of its molecules as a gas

5 categories of adaptations that help animals thermoregulate

Metabolic heat production, insulation, circulatory adaptations, evaporative cooling, and behavioral responses.

Osmoregulators

Must actively regular water movement since their solute concentration is different from their environments.

Evaporative cooling

Panting, sweating, or spreading saliva on body surfaces to keep cool.

Conduction

Transfer of heat by direct contact

Convection

Transfer of heat by movement of air or liquid past a surface

Countercurrent heat exchange

Warm and cold blood flow in opposite directions in two adjacent blood vessels.

Urine

Waste material produced by urinary system.

Ectotherms

gain most of their heat by external sources

Thermoregulation

homeostatic mechanism by which animals maintain an internal temperature with optimal range despite variation in external temperature

Endotherms

warmed by mostly heat generated by own metabolism