Biology Chapter 30
first step in Excretory system
Blood enters the kidneys through the aorta
list the order food passes through your body
Mouth,Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
What are the wavelike contractions of smooth muscle that move food down the esophagus called
Peristalsis
chyme
a mixture with an oatmeal like consistency
what happens when the kidneys dont work
a person must receive dialysis or undergo a kidney transplant
loop of henle
a section of the nephron tubule that is responsible for conserving water and minimizing the volume of the filtrate
glomerulus
a small but dense network of capillaries encased in the upper end of each nephron by a hollow cup shaped structure called the bowman's capsule
amylase
an enzyme that begins to break down the chemical bonds in starches, forming sugars
pepsin
an enzyme that breaks proteins into smaller polypeptide fragments
third step
blood enters the nephrons
seventh step
capillaries reabsorb most of the water, sugar, and salt
another name for large intestine
colon
liver
converts potentially dangerous nitrogen wastes into less toxic urea
chemical digestion
enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use
when you swallow food, muscular movements carry the food along this structure to the stomach
esophagus
lungs
excrete carbon dioxide and small amounts of water vapor
skin
excretes excess water, salts, and a small amount of urea in sweat
connective tissue
functions: binding of epithelial tissue to structures, support, and transport of substances locations: under skin, surrounding organs, blood,bones
epithelial tissue
functions: protection, absorption, and excretion of materials locations: skin, lining of digestive system, certain glands
nervous tissue
functions: receiving and transmitting nerve impulses locations: brain, spinal cord, and nerves
muscle tissue
functions: voluntary and involuntary movements locations: skeletal muscles, muscles surrounding digestive tract and blood vessels, the heart
stores a substance called bile, which physically breaks down fat droplets
gallbladder
this organ absorbs excess water from undigested food prior to its release from the body as solid waste
large intestine
where does the chemical digestion of nucleic acids occur
large intestine
What structure produces bile
liver
this organ produces bile and detoxifies a variety of substances
liver
list three accessory digestive organs
liver,gall bladder, pancreas
digestion begins when salivary gland secretions enter this
mouth
used to cut, tear, and grind food
mouth
where does the chemical digestion of carbohydrates occur
mouth
produces digestive juices that are released into the small intestine
pancreas
filtration
passing a liquid or gas through a filter to remove wastes
muscular movement involving the walls of the digestive tract that serve to mix the body as solid waste
peristalsis
kidneys
remove excess water, urea, and metabolic wastes from the blood
what are the excretory organs of the body
skin, lungs, liver, kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and uretha
where does the chemical digestion of lipids occur
small intestine
peristalsis
smooth muscles that provide the force that moves food through the esophagus toward the stomach
functions include mixing food and serving as a reservoir prior to the food being passed on to the small intestine
stomach
where does the chemical digestion of protein occur
stomach
mechanical digestion
the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces
excretion
the process by which metabolic wastes are eliminated to maintain homeostasis
reabsorption
the process by which water and dissolved substances are taken back into the blood
fourth step
the renal veins returns purified blood to be circulated
what functions do the organs of the urinary system peform
they remove excess water, urea, and metabollic wastes from the blood and produce urine
what is the purpose of bile
to break down globs of fat into smaller droplets that disperse in the watery environment of the small intestine
it pushes food to the back of the mouth prior to swallowing
tongue
ureters
transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
fifth step
urine drains from each collecting tubule into funnle-shaped areas of the kidney
eight step
urine flows from the ladder through the urethra and out of the body
sixth step
urine flows from ureters to the bladder
minute projections extending from the walls of the small intestine and involved in absorption of digestion
villi
what is the modification of the small intestinal wall that serves to increase surface area
villi
second step
water, sugar, salt, and wastes in the blood enter a cuplike structure called the bowman's capsule
nephrons
where impurities are filtered out, wastes are collected, and purified blood is returned to circulation
urethra
where urine is released
urinary bladder
where urine is stored
why do you see your breath on a cold day
your lungs excrete water vapor from your breath
