Biology Chapter 4

Complete the following pairs A) Eukaryote B) Ribosome C) Cell Wall D) Mitochondria

A) Eukaryotes - Amoebu B) Ribosome - Proteins C) Cell Wall - Plant Cells D) Motochondria - Energy

Parts of the cell theory

All known living things are made up of one or more cells. All living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division. The cell is the smallest unit of life, it is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms.

Cells: plasma membrane

B: nucleus, nuclear envelope

The packaging and distribution center of the cell is the

Golgi apparatus

____________________ molecules have "heads" and "tails" and are found in the plasma membrane.

Phospholipid

endosymbiotic theory

ancestors of mitochondria and chloroplasts were once small prokaryotes

List 3 characteristics found in plant but not in animal cells.

Cell wall, chloroplasts, central vacuoles

List the correct order of organization of structures in living things, from simplest to most complex.

Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organisms

How are the organs of a multicellular organism like the organelles of a single cell?

Each organelle has a specific function, if they are all doing their work, then it helps the cell survive. Each organ has a specific function that helps the whole organism survive.

Refer to the illustration above. The cell in diagram 1 is in

Endoplasmic reticulum

Refer to the illustration above. The cell uses structure 3

Mitochondria- transfer energy from organic molecules to make ATP

Refer to the illustration above. Which structure immediately identifies this cell as a eukaryote?

Structure 2- nucleus

How are chloroplasts like mitochondria?

They both have a double membrane bound organelles, have its' own DNA, and have it's own ribosomes.

Give an example of a prokaryotic cell?

bacteria

smallest unit of life

cell

The statement "cells are produces only from existing cells" is part of the ______________.

cell theory

Both plant and animal cells have plasma membranes. In addition, plant cells are surrounded by a _______.

cell wall

Plant cells have a large membrane-bound space in which water, waste products, and nutrients are stored. This place is known as a

central vacuole

Photosynthesis takes place in the _____________ of a plant cell.

chloroplast

The organelles in plant cells that contain a green pigment are the

chloroplast

The organelles associated with photosynthesis are the

chloroplast.

2 things Plant cells have are...

chloroplasts and cell wall

Numerous hairlike organelles that protrude from the surface of a cell and are packed in tight rows are called

cilia

The meshlike network of protein fibers that supports the shape of the cell is called the ____________________.

cytoskeleton

The fluid protein of the cytoplasm is called the ____________.

cytosol

Hooke's discovery of cells was made observing

dead plant cells

The plasma membrane____________ the contents of a cell, __________________ material to enter and leave the cells and is _______________.`

encloses, it allows, selectively permiable

One important organelle that helps maintain homeostasis by moving supplies from one part of the cell to the other is the

endoplasmic reticulum

The Golgi apparatus is an organelle that receives proteins and lipids from the _____________. ____________ the molecules made in the endoplasmic reticulum with tags that specify their destination and releases molecules in ____________.

endoplasmic reticulum, label, vesicles

A cell with a well-defined nucleus and cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane is a(n) ____________________ cell.

eukaryotic

When the volume of a cell increases, its surface area

increases at a slower rate

Refer to the illustration above. The cells shown is probably an animal cell because

it doesn't have a cell wall.

Eukaryotic cells are much larger and have more specialized functions that prokaryotic cells because they contain ____________ which carry out specialized activities.

membrane- bond organelles

A particularly active cell might contain a large number of these _____________

mitochondria

In which organelle is a cell's ATP produced?

mitochondria

Refer to the illustration above. The diagram shows the _____ that make up the framework of the plasma membrance.

phospholipid

A cell that can change its shape would be well suited for many different tissues through

narrow openings

The double membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the

nuclear envelope

One difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that prokaryotes have no

nuclear membrane

List 3 characteristics of prokaryotics. 1) They have no _____________. 2) They excited on Earth ____________. 3) The organelles in their cytoplasm _________ surrounded by membranes.

nucleus before eukaryptic are not

Only eukaryotic cells have

nucleus and internal membrane bound organelles

A structure within a cell that performs a specific function is called a(n)

organelle

Scientists have discovered that cells contain smaller specialized structures known as __________.

organelles

fluid mosaic model

phospholipid bilayer acts like a fluid with different proteins embedded within it.

Matthias Schleiden worked with ___________ cells, and Theador Schwann worked with __________ cells.

plant, animal

The structure that regulates what enters and leaves the cell is called the ___________.

plasma membrane

All cells have covering called _________________ that surrounds the cell and controls what information and materials enter and leave it. An ______ that gives shape to the cell and supports the other things within it and either a _______ or a _____________ that contains the cells genes.

plasma membrane, cytoskeleton, central zone, nucleus

Studying a picture of a cell taken with an electron microscope, you find that the cell has no nucleus and no mitochondria, but it does have a plasma membrane and a cell wall. You conclude that the cell is probably from a(n)

prokaryotic cell

Proteins are made in the

ribosomes

The spherical organelles that are the site of protein synthesis in a cell are the ____________________.

ribosomes

Some plants produce a _________________________ between the plasma membrane and the primary cell wall.

secondary cell wall

A plasma membrane is said to be __________ permeable it allows the passage of some of solutes and not others.

selectively

Refer to the illustration above. This cell's chromosomes are found in the ______________.

structure 2- nucleus

The size to which a cell can grow is limited by its

surface area/ volume ratio

Plasma membranes are thin coverings that __________________

surround a cell

Surface area is an important factor in limiting cell growth because the cells may become too large to

take in enough food and remove enough waste

The ratio of surface area to _______ puts limitations on cell's size.

volume