Biology Chapter 7
specific pathways of glycolysis. priming reactions
-Produces 2 ADP -Uses 2 ATP
specific pathways of glycolysis. oxidation
-produces 4 ATP -produces 2 NADH -Uses 4 ADP -Uses 2 NAD+
The number of FADH2 molecules made during glycolysis is ____________
0
The number of NADH molecules generated during each conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA is ____________
1
A single "turn" of the Krebs (Citric acid) cycle will yield
1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2.
Arrange the electron acceptors in order from highest to lowest energy.
1- Cytochrome C 2-Cytochrome C oxidase 3-oxygen
The amount of energy invested into glycolysis is ____________ ATP
2
What are the products of one turn of the Citric acid cycle?
2 CO2, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP
The NET result of a single round of glycolysis is the formation of
2 NADH and 2 ATP
The initial reaction of the Krebs (Citric acid) cycle involves the addition of a
2-carbon molecule to a 4-carbon molecule.
The number of NADH molecules generated, per molecule of glucose, through the Citric acid cycle is ____________
6
Why is formation of ATP by ATP synthase in the mitochondria known as oxidative phosphorylation?
A proton gradient created by the redox reactions of the electron transport chain is used to drive the synthesis of ATP
Cells use ____________ to power most cellular activities that require work.
ATP
NADH is produced in glycolysis by the reduction of NAD+. Which statement is TRUE regarding the production of NADH during glycolysis?
Another molecule was oxidized in order to reduce NAD+.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is produced during aerobic respiration. Which statement is TRUE?
CO2 is often the product when an organic molecule is oxidized.
One way to generate acetyl-CoA is to convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA by stripping off a CO2 molecule. The removal of CO2 is referred to as what type of reaction?
Decarboxylation
If the protons could pass back across the membrane through the proton pump, the production of ATP would NOT be affected.
FALSE
The electron transport chain consists of a series of membrane-bound carriers that shuttle protons and electrons to NADH.
FALSE
The formation of ATP as a result of the activity of the electron transport system is termed substrate-level phosphorylation.
FALSE
Why must the electron transport chain proteins and molecules be embedded in a membrane?
So that protons can be compartmentalized and form a gradient
The protons are generated during oxidation reactions.
TRUE
When oxygen accepts electrons, water is produced as a byproduct.
TRUE
The number of ATP molecules made through cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells is ____________
about 30
All of the reactions of cellular respiration that occur after glycolysis take place in what part of the eukaryotic cell?
The mitochondria
Which of the following choices is NOT associate with a redox reaction in the Krebs (Citric acid) cycle?
The production of Acetyl-CoA
The Krebs (Citric acid) cycle occurs in the mitochondrion.
True
Before entering the Krebs (Citric acid) cycle, pyruvate is converted to
acetyl-CoA.
Synthesis of ATP via a proton gradient is called
chemiosmosis.
NADH and FADH₂ donate ____________ at different points in the ETC.
electrons
ATP is most often used to drive an ____________ reaction.
endergonic
ATP synthesis is driven by ____________ reactions.
exergonic
In cellular respiration, what pathway directly generates ATP for the cell
glycolysis
ATP synthase uses an electrochemical gradient of ____________ to produce ATP.
hydrogen ions
The electron transport chain in bacteria is located
in the cell membrane.
The movement of protons through ATP synthase occurs from the
intermembrane space to the matrix.
Under anaerobic conditions, the end-product of glycolysis is converted to
lactic acid
The ETC is located in the inner membrane of the ____________ .
mitochondrion
During aerobic respiration, the last carrier protein transfers a pair of electrons to
oxygen
The final electron acceptor of the ETC is ____________ .
oxygen
In substrate-level phosphorylation, ATP is formed when a ____________ is transferred directly to ADP.
phosphate group
Creation of a proton gradient by the electron transport chain represents.
potential energy
Proton pumps are protein complexes that
pump protons across a membrane.
In glycolysis, glucose is converted to
pyruvate.
specific pathways of glycolysis. cleavage
two 3-carbon sugars formed
The function of the enzyme ATP synthase is to
utilize the energy of the proton motive force to convert ADP to ATP.
ATP is synthesized by ____________ in oxidative phosphorylation.
ATP synthase
Which of the following is the enzyme used to synthesize ATP?
ATP synthase
If the inner mitochondrial membrane was freely permeable to protons (H+) what would be the most devastating result to the cell?
ATP would not be produced by oxidative phosphorylation.
How do electrons enter the electron transport chain?
By the oxidation of NADH
Why are two ATP required during the first phase of glycolysis?
In order to create a high energy molecule that will spontaneously split into two 3-carbon molecules
What happens to the oxygen that is used in cellular respiration?
It is reduced to form water
In the reaction: C3H7O6P + NAD+ →→ C3H8O10P2 + NADH, what happened to the NAD+?
It was reduced
Regardless of the electron or hydrogen acceptor used, one of the products of fermentation is always
NAD+.
During oxidative phosphorylation, ____________ and FADH₂ are oxidized to power ATP production.
NADH
Electrons are brought to the electron transport system by the oxidation of
NADH and FADH2
What is an end-product of glycolysis?
Pyruvate
In aerobic respiration, chemiosmotic generation of ATP is driven by:
a difference in H+ concentration on the two sides of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
