Biology: Classification of Organisms
What is the cell surfaces of Kingdom Plantae?
cell wall: made of cellulose
What is the cell surfaces of Kingdom Fungi?
cell wall: made of chitin
What is the cell surfaces of Kingdom Animalia?
cell wall: none.
Material found in the cell walls of fungi
chitin
Branching diagram showing evolutionary change
cladogram
group of closely related orders
class
The grouping of objects or information based on similarities?
classification
"Sea Monkey" is an example of a what instead of the scientific name?
common name
focuses on a set of unique characteristics found in a particular group of organisms are?
derived traits
A cladogram is used to
determine the sequence in which different groups of organisms evolved
What is Monera attached to?
eubacteria and archaebacteria
What is the 6 kingdom system?
eubacteria, archaebacteria, protista, fungi, hantae, and animalia
What are the three domains of Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, and Protista, Fungi, Hantae, and Animalia?
eukarya, bacteria, and archea
What is the cell type of Kingdom Plantae?
eukaryotic
group of genera that share many characteristics
family
Definition: Cladistics
focuses on a set of unique characteristics found in a particular group of organisms
Consists of a group of closely related species
genus
What is the nutrition of Domain Bacteria?
heterotrophic and autorophic by chemosynthesis or photosynthesis
What is the nutrition of Domain Archaea?
heterotrophic and autotrophic by chemosynthesis
What is the nutrition of Kingdom Animalia?
heterotrophic by phagocytosis
What is the nutrition of Kingdom Fungi?
heterotrophic by secreting digestive enzymes into envoirment
Term given to two structures that are similar in function but unrelated in structure.
homologons characters
derived traits do?
identifies morphological, physiological, or behavioral traits that differ among organisms
Species is what?
identifies one particular kind of organisms within the genus
Jona observes cells under a microscope and determines that they must be either fungal cells or animal cells. How could he BEST determine their kingdom classification?
the presence of a cell wall
what organism is this?
tree
every organism's scientific name consists of ___ words?
two
What body plan is Domain Bacteria?
unicellular
What is the body plan of Domain Archaea?
unicellular
What is the body plan of Kingdom Fungi?
unicellular and multicellular
What is the genus of the grizzly bear, Ursus arctos?
ursus
What is the scientific name for Family?
Apidae
What is the scientific name for Genus?
Apis
Prokaryotes that inhabit harsh enviorments belong to what kingdom?
Archaebacteria
Single-celled organisms are found living in a volcanic hot spring where scientists didn't expect to find any form of life at all. These organisms are MOST likely from which kingdom?
Archaebacteria
a unicellular organism that lives in complete darkness deep on the ocean floor near a volcanic vent?
Archaebacteria
Philosopher who was the first person to attempt to classify living organisms
Aristole
Developed the first method of classification
Aristotle
What is the scientific name for Phylum?
Arthropoda
One of two domains of unicellular prokaryotes
Bacteria
List the three domains
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Acerodon celebensis and Acerodon humilis are different fruit bats. What is the smallest classification these bats have in common?
Order
What is the non-scientific name for Hymenoptera?
Order
group of similar families
Order
Organisms having tissues organized into organs and organ systems are?
both plants and animals
Cladogram is a?
branching diagram
The Domain Bacteria cell wall contains what?
peptidoglycans
What is the non-scientific name for Apidae?
Family
What's the lowest taxonomic level at which the white pine tree and the douglas fir tree share common characteristics?
Family
Designed a system of classifying organisms based on similarities in body structural and physical form
Linnaeus
Domain to where the very ancient and often extreme bacteria belong
Monera
In the 5 Kingdom System: all bacteria were grouped into this one kingdom
Monera
The kingdom that contains only prokaryotes is?
Monera
A eukaryotic organisms that lacks complex, organ systems and lives in water or moist environments is?
A protist
Animals in the same phylum arthropoda must also be in the same? a. kingdom, b. family, c. genus, or d. species
A: Kingdom
what organism is this?
Amoeba
Kingdom that includes multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with cells that have no cell walls
Animalia
What has no cell walls or chloroplasts?
Animalia
What is the scientific name for Kingdom?
Animalia
a multicellular organisms that whose cells don't have a cell wall?
Animalia
Organisms that have muscle systems and acute sense organs are?
Animals
The swedish biologist who started Taxonomy was?
Carolus Linnaeus
The naturalist who traveled to the Galapagos Islands to study the evolutionary history of how organisms that're similar descended from a common ancestor?
Charles Darwin
The taxon group directly under Phylum is?
Class
What is the non-scientific name for Insect?
Class
Taxonomic categories refers only to plants
Division
A more inclusive category than any other, including the kingdom, is the?
Domain
Most inclusive (modern) taxonomic category
Domain
The largest taxonomic category in Linnaeus' Modern system of classification is the?
Domain
What is the nickname for Kingdom Animalia?
Domain Eukarya
What is the nickname of Kingdom Fungi?
Domain Eukarya
What is the nickname of Kingdom Plantae?
Domain Eukarya
A unicellular organism that doesn't have a nucleus would belong in which kingdom?
Eubacteria
What kingdom is bacteria in?
Eubacteria
a prokaryotic, unicellular organisms that contains chloroplasts?
Eubacteria
List the two groups into which the Monera have been separated.
Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
Domain of all organisms whose cells have a nuclei
Eukarya
What is the cell type of Kingdom Animalia?
Eukaryote
What is the cell type of Kingdom Fungi?
Eukaryote
What is the cell type of Domain Eukarya?
Eukaryotic
The taxon group directly below Order is?
Family
Mushrooms, yeast, and molds have been placed in their own kingdom, which is called?
Fungi
Steven observes cells from a multicellular organism. The cells have a cell wall but don't contain chloroplasts. The organisms MOST likely belong to which kingdom?
Fungi
The kingdom containing organisms that're stationary consumers is the?
Fungi
This kingdom contains multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with cell walls?
Fungi
What has cell walls made of chitin?
Fungi
What kingdom is the mushroom in?
Fungi
a multicellular organisms that has a cell wall but doesn't make it's own food?
Fungi
A group of similar species forms a?
Genus
Acer saccharum is the scientific name for a sugar maple tree. Acer repersents the (blank) name?
Genus
In binomial nomentclature, the blank is written first and is caplitalized?
Genus
The first word of a scientific name is always captialized and named what?
Genus
The scientific name for the bacteria that causes botulism poisioning is Clostridium botulinum. The name Clostridium represents the?
Genus
What is the non-scientific name for Apis?
Genus
a group of closely related species
Genus
The main criterion used in Linnaeus's system of classification is an organism's
Habitat
What name is given to two structures that are similar in structure, but have different fuctions?
Homologus
What is the scientific name for Order?
Hymenoptera
What is the scientific name for Class?
Insect
A group of similar phyla forms a?
Kingdom
A house cat and a dog are in the same phylum. They must also be in the same?
Kingdom
Plants don't have the taxonomic level of phylum, instead that the taxon is called what
Kingdom
The taxonomic classification that contains the most organisms and is the most inclusive is?
Kingdom
What is the non-scientific name for Animalia?
Kingdom
What aligns with Domain Archaea?
Kingdom Archaebacteria
What does Domain Bacteria align with?
Kingdom Eubacteria
What is another name for Domain Eukarya?
Kingdom Protista
What language are scientific names written in?
Latin
What is the non-scientific name for Arthropoda?
Phylum
group of closely related classes
Phylum
This kingdom includes true bacteria with cell walls made with peptidoglycans
Plantae
What includes mosses and ferns?
Plantae
Which kingdom contains organisms that ALWAYS make their own food?
Plantae
a multicellular organisms the makes its own food using photosynthesis?
Plantae
Term meaning that an organisms doesn't contain a nucleus or any membrane-bound organelles?
Prokaryotes
The following contain cells where the genetic material is not bound in membranes?
Prokaryotes
What kind of cell type is Domain Bacteria?
Prokaryotic
This kingdom contains multicellular, photosynthetic organisms
Protista
What include slime molds and giant kelp?
Protista
What kingdom is the amoeba in?
Protista
a eukaryotic, unicellular organisms that contains chloroplasts?
Protista
The Siberian Tiger has the scientific name Panthera tigris. Which of the following animals belong to the same genus?
Pseudolithoxus tigris
A group of potentially interbreeding organisms that can produce fertile offspring
Species
The second word in a scientific name is which level of classification
Species
The smallest biological division that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring is?
Species
The smallest taxonomic category in Linnaeus' Modern system of classification is the?
Species
The taxonomic classification that contains the fewest members and is the least inclusive is called?
Species
What is the non-scientific name for Apis Mellifera?
Species
The branch of biology that classifies organisms is called?
Taxonomy
What is the science of naming and classifying organisms is called what?
Taxonomy
Definition of phylogeny
The evolutionary history of a species
Which of the following characteristics do plants and fungi have in common? (1) They both have cell walls made of chitin (2) They both contain chloroplasts to make their own food (3) They both are made of cells containing nuclei (4) They can both be unicellular
They both are made of cells containing nuclei
One main difference between plants and fungi is the presence of?
a nucleus
An organisms that doesn't belong to the plant kingdom is?
a slime mold
Genus is what?
a taxonomic category containing similiar species
What kingdom is the rabbit in?
animalia
What is the scientific name for Species?
apis mellifera
Biologists usually classify things according to their
appearance
The other domain of unicellular prokaryotes
archea
What is the nutrition of Kingdom Plantae?
autotrophic by photosynthesis
What is the nutrition of Domain Eukarya?
autotrophic by photosynthesis, some heterotrophic by phagocytosis
The monerans are commonly known as?
bacteria
what organism is this?
bacteria
A system of naming in which the organism is assigned a two-part name
binomial nomenclature
The system that gives each organisms two names?
binomial nomenclature
The two-word naming system developed by Linnaeus is called
binonial nomenclature
What is the two word latin name for species?
binonial nomenclature
What is the defintion of biological species?
is a group of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups
The scientific name is always written in?
italics
What is the cell wall of Domain Archaea?
lacks peptidoglycan
What is the cell wall made of Domain Eukarya?
made of cellulose
What is the 5 kingdom system?
monera -> Protista -> plantae -> Fungi -> animalia
Organisms that can produce food in a variety of different ways are?
monerans
The organisms that appeared first in the fossil record are?
monerans
What is the body plan of Domain Eukarya?
mostly unicellular: multicellular forms: lacks tissue organization
What is the body plan of Kingdom Animalia?
multicellular
What is the body plan of Kingdom Plantae?
multicellular
What organism is this?
mushroom
Which of the following charcteristics BEST distingushes animals from other kingdoms: (1) never have cell walls & never have the ability to make their own food (2) have cells with a nucleus but never have chloroplasts (3) are multicellular in structure and have cells with nuclei (4) have cell walls made of cellulose and always have chloroplasts
never have cell walls & never have the ability to make their own food
Domain Bacteria is the?
oldest known fossils of cells
For black bears and polar bears to be in the same family, they must also be in the same
order
What is convergent evolution?
organisms evolve similar traits independently
According to Charles Darwin:
organisms that are similar descended from a common ancestor
The evolutionary history of a organisms is its
phylogeny
The evolutionary history of a species is called?
phylogeny
What kingdom is the tree in?
plantae
Organisms that have cell walls and tissues organized into organs and organ systems are?
plants
Which characteristic most clearly differences bacteria in the Eubacteria kingdom from unicellular protists?
presence of a nucelus
What is the cell type of Domain Archaea?
prokaryote
Fungi are not?
prokaryotic
Hannah observes a singled-celled organisms under a microscope and notes that the cell doesn't have a cell wall. The organism is MOST likely a?
protist
what organism is this?
rabbit
defintion of taxonomy?
reveals evolutionary history
the defintion of cladogram is?
shows evolutionary relationship among group of organisms
What is the definition of Analogous Characters (Traits)?
similar features that evolove through convergent evolution
What is the definition of Homologous Characters (Traits)?
similar features that evolve from common ancestor
Escobaria vivipara is the scientific name for the pincushion catcus. The name vivipara gives the name of the?
species
In binomial nomentclature, the blank is written second and is not caplitalized?
species
The second word of a scientific name is never captialized, always lowercase, itlalicized, underlined, and called what?
species
A group or level of organization in taxonomy is called a taxonomic category or
taxon
Group into which organisms are classified
taxon
The organisms Quercus abla and Quercus rubra have the smallest organization of blank, in common?
taxon
The branch of biology concerned with the grouping and naming of organisms?
taxonomy
