Biology- exam 2

A liquid has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water but lower than the pH of household ammonia. Based on this information, the liquid is a ________.

Baking soda solution

Which of the following nutrients is made by gut microbiota?

Biotin

t/f A person who experiences hypoglycemia should avoid eating foods that contain carbohydrates for at least 3 hours.

False

t/f DNA contains coded information that enables human cells to make micronutrients, including as iron and vitamin C.

False

t/f Prebiotics are substances in food that the human body digests to form probiotics.

False

When cells have more glucose than they need energy, they mayconvert some of the excess into ______.

Fat

Adrian's diet supplies only about 10% of his daily energy needs from carbohydrates. Therefore, most of his energy intake is provided by protein and fat. As a result of following this diet, Adrian's cells form more ________ than normal.

Ketone bodies

________ is the disaccharide comprised of two glucose molecules.

Maltose

The brain and spinal cord are structures of the ________ system.

Nervous

The process of digesting food begins in the ________.

Mouth

Table sugar is nearly ________ carbohydrate.

100%

Reggie consumes approximately 3000 kcal/day. According to recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, he should limit his saturated fat intake to fewer than ________ kcal/day.

300

According to the original Nutrition Facts panel on a package of reduced fat cream cheese, a 1 oz serving of the cream cheese supplies 70 kcal; 50 of the kcal are from fat. Based on this information, fat contributes about ________% of total kcal.

71

Which of the following substances have hormonelike functions in the body?

Prostaglandins

T/F Humans do not make intestinal enzymes that digest the dietary fiber cellulose.

True

The lining of the small intestine is covered with ________, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.

Villi

A scientist wants to break down a carbohydrate called "maltose" into its component parts. To accomplish this task, she should ________.

add maltase to a solution that contains maltose

Bill would like to follow recommendations that would reduce his risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Based on this information, Bill should ________.

become more physically active

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fatty acids?

canned salmon

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into ________.

chylomicrons

Which of the following groups of foods are sources of starch?

corn, potatoes, and rice

Chronic alcohol abuse ________.

damages the heart muscle

Anna has type 1 diabetes and gives herself insulin injections to help manage her blood glucose level. One morning, Anna tested her blood before she ate breakfast and discovered that her blood glucose level was 88 mg/dl. Based on this information, Anna should _______.

do nothing to intervene, because her fasting blood glucose level is normal

Name the three parts of the small intestine

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

t/f A gram of sugar supplies more than twice the energy that is supplied by a gram of starch.

false

t/f Electrons are small, positively charged particles that surround the nucleus of a cell.

false

t/f High-fiber diets can lower blood cholesterol because fiber transports cholesterol into fatty tissues.

false

t/f Lecithin is a type of sterol.

false

t/f Protons carry negative charges.

false

t/f The primary role of adipose cells is producing chylomicrons from phospholipids.

false

Bryan has type 2 diabetes. Which of the following conditions is a typical sign or symptom of this chronic disease?

frequent urination

Erika has type 1 diabetes and gives herself insulin injections to help manage her blood glucose level. One afternoon, Erika tested her blood and discovered that her blood glucose level was 260 mg/dl. Based on this information, Erika should _______.

giver herself a specific dose of insulin

Phil is a healthy college student. When he wakes up in the morning, he can't wait to eat breakfast. While he is asleep and before he consumes food or beverages, his pancreas secretes ________ to maintain his blood glucose level within normal limits.

glucagon

A scientist is developing a new food that would help people recover quickly from hypoglycemia. Which of the following sweeteners should he add to the new product?

glucose

Glycogen is composed of ________ molecules.

glucose

In the body, certain lipids ________.

help maintain cell membranes

Which of the following foods has a high glycemic index (70 or more)?

jelly beans

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, cholesterol intake should be ________.

kept as low as possible, while eating a healthy diet

Feces form in the ________.

large intestine

A chylomicron is a type of ________.

lipoprotein

Which of the following characteristics or conditions is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

male gender

Stanley would like to compare the total fat contents of packaged hotdogs. He should read the ________ on the products' labels.

nutrition facts panel

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

peanuts

Tyler smokes cigarettes, drinks excess alcohol, and takes aspirin regularly to treat his headaches. Based on this information, Tyler has a high risk of developing ________.

peptic ulcers

A scientist has isolated a chemical compound that is partially soluble in water. The chemical helps keep water-soluble substances mixed with fats. When analyzing the composition of the chemical, the scientist determined that in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the compound contains nitrogen and phosphorus atoms. Based on this information, the compound is a(an) ________.

phospholipid

Lecithin is a type of ________.

phospholipid

t/f The process of digestion in the human intestinal tract involves decomposition reactions.

true

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fatty acids?

tuna fish

Rose has an autoimmune disease that destroyed her salivary glands. As a result of this condition, Rose probably ________.

uses a lot of spices and sauces to season her foods

Which of the following foods is a rich source of starch?

white rice

Which of the following conditions is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestines?

Crohn's disease

Marissa is concerned about her risk of type 2 diabetes. To reduce her risk of this disease, Marissa should ______.

avoid gaining excess weight

Bernetta has an autoimmune disease that affects salivary glands. As a result of this condition, Bernetta ________.

has trouble swallowing

Which of the following foods has a high glycemic index but a low glycemic load?

plain microwave popcorn

A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons. Most of the carbon atoms in the fatty acid chainare connected by single bonds, except there is a double bond between the number 3 and 4 carbons as well as the number 9 and 10 carbons. The only other elements in the compound are hydrogen and oxygen. Based on this information, the compound is a ________ fatty acid.

polyunsaturated

A 10-month-old baby whose diet is low in fat has ________, which is a sign of an essential fatty acid deficiency.

poor growth

Salivary glands secrete amylase, an enzyme that enables a minor amount of ________ to be digested in the mouth.

starch

Until recently, Victoria was a healthy, energetic 3-year-old. A couple of weeks ago, her parents noticed that she does not want to play, and she seems to be tired all of the time. Additionally, Victoria has been unusually thirsty and "wets the bed" at night. Based on this information, Victoria's parents should have their daughter evaluated for ______.

type 1 diabetes

April wants to add ________ to her salad, because the food is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fats.

walnuts

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of catabolic chemical reactions?

weight loss as a result of starvation

Leah's parents are afraid the 5-year-old will develop tooth decay if she chews gum that is sweetened with sugar. Based on this information, Leah's parents should buy chewing gum that is sweetened with _______.

xylitol

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

soluble fiber

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of anabolic chemical reactions?

Addition of calcium and phosphorus to the thigh bone of a growing child

The ________ is the smallest living functional unit in an organism.

Cell

Blood and blood vessels are primary components of the ________ system.

Circulatory system

Which of the following statements is true?

Consuming more carbohydrates than you need can result in an increase in your body fat.

Phyllis recorded her food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze her diet record. According to the results of the analysis, her average daily saturated fat intake was 10% of total calories;her average daily unsaturated fat intake was 35% of total calories; and her average dailycholesterol intake was 250 mg. Based on this information, her total fat intake is ________ theAcceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.

above

Which of the following foods or beverages is a major source of added sugars in American diets?

energy drinks

After being absorbed, water-soluble nutrients such as glucose, fructose, iron, and vitamin C ________.

enter a capillary within the villus and are transported to the liver by the bloodstream

Which of the following substances is an important dietary monosaccharide for humans?

fructose

The starch in rice and potatoes is composed of ________ molecules.

glucose

Which of the following substances is a simple carbohydrate?

glucose

Laura consumes a sugar-frosted doughnut for a snack. In her gastrointestinal tract, the sucrose in the doughnut is digested into ________ molecules.

glucose and fructose

A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons bonded together. Most of the carbon atoms in the chainare connected by single bonds, but there is a doublebond between the number 9 and 10 carbons in the chain. The only other elements in the compound are hydrogen and oxygen. Based on this information, the compound is a(an)________ fatty acid.

monounsaturated

Which of the following foods contains cholesterol?

roast pork

In chemistry class, Karl combines hydrochloric acid with a base called sodium hydroxide. This chemical reaction results in the formation of a ________.

salt

High-density lipoproteins contain more protein than low-density lipoproteins.

true