biology exam 2 review

Coal is a fossil fuel that results from pressure being exerted on plant and animal decay for millions of years. Oil and natural gas are also fossil fuels except they Select one: A. formed from microscopic plants and animals. B. in order of appearance formed mainly in the water. C. form much faster than coal. D. do not require pressure to be exerted.

A. formed from microscopic plants and animals.

Fossil fuels are used for approximately ______ of the United States' energy needs. Select one: A. 50% B. 80% C. 20% D. 10%

B. 80%

Which of the following is an alternative energy source? Select one: A. oil B. gas C. solar power D. coal

C. solar power

The light reactions of photosynthesis occur within the ______ of the chloroplast and the Calvin cycle reactions occur within the ______ of the chloroplast. Select one: A. stroma; thylakoid B. stroma; outer membrane C. thylakoid; stroma D. thylakoid; outer membrane

C. thylakoid; stroma

As global temperatures increase, which of the following scenarios are most likely to happen? Select one: A. Sea surface temperatures and ocean heat content decrease. B. Extreme weather events decrease. C. Temperatures and humidity decrease. D. Glaciers and snow coverage decrease.

D. Glaciers and snow coverage decrease.

Scientists studying global warming have noted an unusual trend in carbon dioxide level. Which of the following statements explains the trend of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? A. The rise in carbon dioxide levels have occurred relatively rapidly. B. The levels of carbon dioxide have decreased relatively rapidly. C. The levels of carbon dioxide have decreased relatively slowly. D. The rise in carbon dioxide levels have leveled out.

A. The rise in carbon dioxide levels have occurred relatively rapidly.

The measure of the impact on climate change by a person or a company is known as their Select one: A. carbon footprint B. carbon cycling C. fossil fuel footprint D. carbon recycling

A. carbon footprint

In the carbon cycle, the process of photosynthesis ______ atmospheric CO2, and cellular respiration ______ atmospheric CO2. Select one: A. consumes; produces B. produces; consumes C. produces; produces D. consumes; consumes

A. consumes; produces

Which of the following statements correctly explains the greenhouse effect? A. Greenhouse gases help to disperse solar radiation evenly across the planet. B. Greenhouse gases found high in the atmosphere cool the planet's surface by allowing heat to rise higher in the atmosphere than do other planets. C. Greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation emitted by the planet's surface. This trapped heat energy is released slowly back into the atmosphere. D. Greenhouse gases trap oxygen in the atmosphere and increase plant productivity.

C. Greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation emitted by the planet's surface. This trapped heat energy is released slowly back into the atmosphere.

Fires and volcanic activity are natural events that produce _____. A. oxygen B. water C. carbon dioxide D. methane

C. carbon dioxide

When it comes to the carbon footprint, because of its required usage of land, ______ is the most costly food source. Select one: A. corn B. chicken C. beef D. avocados

C. beef

Even though there are alternate energy sources, fossil fuels are used for approximately ______ of the United States energy needs. Select one: A. 50% B. 20% C. 10% D. 80%

D. 80%

As climate change continues, which of the following is likely to occur? Select one: A. vectors will expand their ranges. B. the number of invasive species will increase. C. more plants and animals will go extinct. D. All of the above is true.

D. All of the above is true.

Lionfish have been introduced to the Caribbean where they are not native and have impacted the natural food chain. This is an example of a negative impact at the Select one: A. population level B. community level C. species level D. biosphere level

B. community level

______ is a product of photosynthesis and is a carbon-based molecule that is the chief source of energy for most organisms. A. water B. glucose (sugar) C. carbon dioxide D. oxygen

B. glucose (sugar)

One way to remove excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere Select one: A. is through clear cutting forests. B. is through reforestation. C. is through the use of space reflectors. D. all of the above remove CO2 from the atmosphere.

B. is through reforestation.

Methane versus carbon dioxide are very important greenhouse gases. However, methane can retain and release about ____ times more heat than carbon dioxide. A. 10 B. 20 C. 30 D. 100

C. 30

Which of the following describes an investigation performed by ecologists interested in studying the biosphere? A. A study measuring how building a levee impacts the plants and animal populations in the surrounding wetland habitats B. A study measuring the birth rates and death rates of cardinals C. A study measuring the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and trace gases in the atmosphere over different seasons D. A study measuring how introducing sea otters affect the near-shore kelp population

C. A study measuring the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and trace gases in the atmosphere over different seasons

Which of the following terms, encompasses all the others? A. global warming B. extreme weather events C. climate change D. greenhouse effect

C. climate change

Carbon cycles naturally between Select one: A. geologic reservoirs and living organisms. B. geologic and atmospheric reservoirs. C. geologic and atmospheric reservoirs and living organisms. D. atmospheric reservoirs and living organisms.

C. geologic and atmospheric reservoirs and living organisms.

Which source of alternative energy relies on heated water close the Earth's surface and is used to supply 90% of the electricity needs in Iceland? Select one: A. solar B. wind C. geothermal D. nuclear

C. geothermal

The worldwide increase in average surface temperatures of Earth is called __________. A. seasons B. climate change C. global warming D. the greenhouse affect

C. global warming

Which of the following sources of alternative energy involves using uranium or other materials to split the nucleus of an atom? Select one: A. solar energy B. wind turbines C. nuclear energy D. geothermal energy

C. nuclear energy

Which statement below best summarizes the overall purpose of the light-dependent reactions? Select one: A. The light-dependent reactions convert high-energy molecules into carbohydrates. B. The light-dependent reactions capture the energy from the sun and convert it to glucose. C. The light-dependent reactions use energy to convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrate molecules. D. The light-dependent reactions capture the energy from the sun and transfer it to high-energy molecules.

D. The light-dependent reactions capture the energy from the sun and transfer it to high-energy molecules.

Which part of solar energy is important in photosynthesis? Select one: A. microwaves B. x-rays C. Infrared wavelengths D. The visible light spectrum

D. The visible light spectrum

Carbon sinks are reservoirs that hold large amounts of carbon. Which of the following are considered to be carbon sinks? Select one: A. oceans B. fossil fuels under ground C. the atmosphere D. all of the above are carbon sinks

D. all of the above are carbon sinks

A carbon atom can form a max of up to _______ bonds with other atoms. Select one: A. one B. two C. three D. four

D. four

Which of the following is a vector for malaria? Select one: A. rats B. ticks C. roaches D. mosquitos

D. mosquitos

The use of fertilizers contributes to which greenhouse gas to the atmosphere? Select one: A. methane B. water C. carbon dioxide D. nitrous oxides

D. nitrous oxides

The most abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere is Select one: A. ozone B. carbon dioxide C. methane D. water vapor

D. water vapor