Biology II Exam #4 Review
The epidermis of a nematode is derived from the:
ectoderm.
Lancelets are:
filter feeders
______________ include oaks, roses, mustards, cacti, blueberries, and sunflowers; these are either herbaceous or woody.
eudicots
Chytrids produce which of the following cells at some point during their life cycle, which is an indicator of fungal evolution?
flagellate
One ancestral characteristic remaining in representatives of the Chytridiomycota is
flagellated cells
One ancestral characteristic remaining in representatives of the Chytridiomycota is:
flagellated cells
The cell walls of fungi are composed of cellulose (T or F)
False
The chordate nerve cord is hollow and located ventrally (T or F)
False
The nervous system develops from the endoderm (T or F)
False
True or False: Nematodes are exclusively aquatic
False
Spiders and ticks are belonging to the the same subphylum (T or F)
True
True or False: Spiders and ticks are belonging to the same subphylum
True
In cnidarians, nematocysts are housed within why type of specialized cell?
cnidocytes
Fungi that lack septa are called:
coenocytic
Which of the following is characteristic to most protostomes?
Cell division tends to be via spiral cleavage
As bilateral symmetry evolved, natural selection led to which of the following?
Cephalization
What arthropod lacks antennas?
Chelicerata
Which of the following are exclusively terrestrial?
Chilopods and Diplopods
The lowermost and outermost whorl on a floral shoot consists of petals (T or F)
False
The primary mycelium of basidiomycetes is dikaryotic (T or F)
False
The rapid appearance of animals in the fossil record occurred during the Ediacaran radiation (T or F)
False
The rapid appearance of animals in the fossil record occurred during the Ediacaran radiation. (T or F)
False
The term "cleavage" refers to a series of meiotic cell divisions (T or F)
False
True or False: A polyp is a type of stinging cell.
False
True or False: A radula is characteristic of certain members of phylum Platyhelminthes.
False
True or False: An exoskeleton is a characteristic of an echinoderm.
False
True or False: Deutorestome are characterized by a spiral cleavage
False
True or False: Echinoderms are characterized by bilateral symmetry in adults and radial symmetry in juveniles.
False
True or False: Echinoderms are related to chordates because the first opening to develop becomes the mouth.
False
True or False: Nematode has an exoskeleton made of chitin
False
True or False: Nematodes are truly coelomates
False
True or False: Parapodia are characteristic of oligochaetes.
False
True or False: Protostomes exhibit radial cleavage.
False
True or False: The chordate nerve cord is hollow and located ventrally.
False
True or False: The exoskeleton of arthropods is made of calcium carbonate
False
True or False: The nervous system develops from the endoderm.
False
The vast majority of bilateral animals have a fluid-filled body cavity, or coelom. Which of the following is an exception?
Flatworms
You have a sample of cat emesis (vomit) and find worms in the sample. The cylindrical worms are long and slender, pointed at each end, with no other distinguishing characteristics. You conclude they are members of which phylum?
Nematoda
What are the two clades of the protostomes?
Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa
What do the large female cones of a pine tree contain?
Megasporangia
Arthropods with two pairs of legs each segment are:
Millipedes
How do mycorrhizae benefit plants?
Mycorrhizae increase a plant's absorptive surface area of roots.
Which of the following embryonic cells are unique to vertebrates?
Neutral crest cells
The hypha, a filament that makes up the vegetative body of most fungi, serves which of the following functions?
Nutrient absorption
Which is an example of a monocot?
Onions
Which arthropod has chelicerae, pedipalps and silk glands?
Spider
Which arthropod has chelicerae, pedipalps, and silk glands?
Spider
If adult sponges are sessile, why can they still be classified as animals?
Sponge larvae are motile.
The name conifer comes from the reproductive parts of conifers as they have separate male and female reproductive parts in different locations on the same plant. What is the technical name for the structures bearing these reproductive parts?
Strobili
Larval tunicates superficially resemble which of the following?
Tadpoles
Which is a characteristic of tapeworms?
Tapeworms have bodies that consist of hundreds of reproductive segments.
Echinoderms' radial symmetry enables which of the following?
The ability to respond effectively in every direction of their surrounding environment
Echinoderms' radial symmetry enables which of the following
The ability to respond effectively to every direction of their surrounding environment
What is the key characteristic that defines the Ecdysozoa clade?
The animal molts
Which was the primary challenge animals faced in adapting to life on land?
The desiccating effect of the atmosphere
What is the function of the phloem in plants?
To transport dissolved sugars
A fruit develops from the ovary wall (T or F)
True
In sponges, spicules are secreted by amoeboid cells (T or F)
True
Malpighian tubules are used for excretion (T or F)
True
Members of phylum Arthropoda have paired, jointed appendages (T or F)
True
Members of the Ecdysozoa clade are characterized by having a cuticle (T or F)
True
Nematoda are not segmented (T or F)
True
One member of subphylum Chelicerata is a spider (T or F)
True
Plankton consists mainly of microscopic organisms that float in the water (T or F)
True
The cephalic end of an animal is toward its head (T or F)
True
The chordate notochord is a dorsal longitudinal rod composed of cartilage (T or F)
True
True or False: Malpighian tubules are used for excretion.
True
True or False: Members of phylum Arthropoda have paired, jointed appendages.
True
True or False: Members of the Ecdysozoa clade are characterized by having a cuticle.
True
True or False: One member of subphylum Chelicerata is a spider.
True
True or False: Plankton consists mainly of microscopic organisms that float in the water.
True
True or False: The chordate notochord is a dorsal longitudinal rod composed of cartilage.
True
The most closely related animal to vertebrates are the:
Urochordates
Which is a unique adaptation in insects not found in any other arthropod?
Wings
What is the process occurring at point 3 in the accompanying figure?
Zygote germination
How is a pseudocoelom different from a coelom?
a coelom is a cavity fully lined by mesoderm.
The head end of an animal is known as its:
anterior end
Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the structure labeled as 6?
anus
One true characteristic of all animals is that they
are heterotrophs
One true characteristic of all animals is that they:
are heterotrophs
The first air-breathing land animals were:
arthropods
Refer to the accompanying figure. The structures labeled as 1, present in some in flatworms, are used for:
attachment
The exoskeleton of arthropods is made up of calcium carbonate (T or F)
false
Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the structure labeled as 9?
feeding polyp
Which of the following are NOT protostomes?
fish
The inner germ layer, or ectoderm, forms which of the following structures?
outer covering of the body, as well as nervous tissue
Which of the following terms is associated with polychaetes?
parapodia
Refer to the accompanying figure. The structure labeled as 1 is a:
perforated septum
The organism in the accompanying figure is a representative of the:
phylum Chordata
A flower that has sepals, petals, and stamens, but lacks carpels, is known as:
incomplete and imperfect
The body wall of cnidarians and ctenophores consist of:
inner and outer cell layers separated by a jelly-like mesoglea
Seed plants produce ovules, each of which is a megasporangium surrounded by ___________.
integuments
The structure labeled as 9 in the accompanying figure was produced by:
meiosis in the resting sporangium.
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of (most) deuterostomes?
Determinate cleavage
Which of the following regarding the coelom is NOT a correct statement?
It functions as an endoskeleton.
Which statement best describes a lophophore?
It is a ciliated ring of tentacles surrounding the mouth
The tetrapods include:
amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
The tetrapods include
amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
The most diverse, successful, and familiar group of plants today are the:
angiosperms
Sea stars are primarily
carnivores
Which of the following animals helps to maintain fertile soil?
earthworms
Which of the following is NOT an adaptation that contributes to the biological success of insects?
high intraspecific competition
All echinoderms are found:
in marine habitats
Which structure do numerous mollusks use to scrape algae off rocks?
radula
Birds are most closely related to
reptiles
Refer to the accompanying figure. What is missing in the filament labeled as A?
septa
Which of the following is NOT an example of a cnidarian?
sponges
When bread gets moldy with visible black or blue spots, you are looking at masses of the colored:
spores
What is the mode of nutrition for most Poriferans?
suspension feeders
Gas exchange in terrestrial insects is accomplished through:
the use of tracheae
What makes up most of the mass of an individual mushroom?
underground mycelium
Refer to the accompanying figure. Asexual reproduction is occurring at which point?
7
Which label designates a female reproductive structure in the accompanying figure?
8
Which of the following is NOT an opisthokont, a monophyletic group characterized by a posterior flagellum on motile cells?
Algae
Which of the following characteristics about animals is FALSE?
Animals cannot respond to stimuli.
Which of the following statements about arthropods is FALSE?
Arthropods have an incomplete digestive tract
The sac fungi are characterized by sexual reproductive structures called:
Asci
Why are bees important to the reproductive success of flowering plants?
Bees carry pollen to other plants.
From an evolutionary perspective, true nerve cells are first seen in the phylum:
Cnidaria
The accompanying figures are representative of which of the following?
Coniferophyta
Which plants generally have leaves called needles that are long, narrow, tough, and leathery?
Conifers
Which class of echinoderms is considered to be the oldest?
Crinoidea
What arthropod has two antennas?
Crustaceans
In most developing eudicot seeds, the primary source of nutritive material is in the:
Endosperm
What is a disadvantage to having an exoskeleton?
Exoskeletons much be shed when the animal grows, exposing the animal to predators
A radula is characteristic of certain members of phylum Platyhelminthes (T or F)
False
A true coelom develops within the ectoderm (T or F)
False
An exoskeleton is a characteristic of an echinoderm (T or F)
False
An exoskeleton is a characteristic of an echinoderm.
False
Choanocytes are a characteristic of members of the phylum Cnidaria (T or F)
False
Chytrids produce spores that lack a flagellum (T or F)
False
Crustaceans are likely the first animals that conquered the land (T or F)
False
Deuterostomes are split into the Ecdysozoa and the Lophotrochozoa (T or F)
False
Deutorestome are characterized by a spiral cleavage (T or F)
False
Echinoderm are characterized by bilateral symmetry in adults and radial symmetry in juveniles (T or F)
False
In insecta, the head and thorax are fused in a cephalothorax (T or F)
False
In insects, the head and thorax are fused in a cephalothorax. (T or F)
False
Most conifers are dioecious (T or F)
False
Nematodes are exclusively aquatic (T of F)
False
Parapodia are characteristic of oligochaetes (T or F)
False
Protostomes exhibit radial cleavage. (True or False)
False
Yeasts reproduce asexually by:
budding
Which of the following explains why fewer animals live in freshwater than in the ocean?
Freshwater is generally hypotonic to tissue fluids
As a seed develops from an ovule, the ovule wall enlarges and develops into a:
Fruit
Describe the importance of fungi as decomposer.
Fungi as decomposers are important for the health of an ecosystem because they break down nonliving organic matter and release nutrients. Plants use this nutrients to pass it on to other consumers to continue the chain.
Which generation is significantly reduced in size and entirely dependent on the sporophyte generation?
Gametophyte
Which of the following phyla is unusual because it is composed of a single extent species?
Ginkgophyta
What arthropod has one antenna only?
Insecta
Which class of animals has the largest number of species?
Insecta
Which statement best supports why animals most likely evolved in the ocean?
Internal fluid and salt balance were easy to maintain.
The organism is the accompanying figure is a representation of the:
Phylum chordata
Which process marks the start of the dikaryotic stage (n + n) in the fungal reproductive cycle?
Plasmogamy
Which part of a flowering plant is the immature male gametophyte?
Pollen grain
How do protostomes differ from deuterostomes?
Protostomes undergo spiral cleavage during development.
Which of the following are sluggish creatures that live on the sea bottom, and are considered the vacuum cleaner of the ocean bottom?
Sea cucumbers
Which of the following are carnivorous predators and scavengers
Sea stars
Which of the following are carnivorous predators and scavengers?
Sea stars
After fertilization in angiosperms, what does the ovule develop into?
Seed
In most fungi, hyphae are divided by cross walls, termed which of the following?
Septa
Which of the following is characteristic of flatworms?
They are acoelomate (have no body cavity)
Which is a characteristic of ribbon worms and flatworms?
They are acoelomates
Which of the following correctly describes fungal spores?
They are nonmotile and reproduce either sexually or asexually.
Which of the following is a major problem for sessile animals?
They are unable to escape unfavorable environmental conditions.
How do leeches differ from other annelids?
They do not have setae or parapodia
Which of the following is a correct statement regarding cnidarians?
They have a nerve net
Which is a characteristic of all annelids?
They have a segmented body
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of cnidarians?
They have one body shape, known as medusa
Identify and briefly explain three adaptations of flowering plants that contributed to their evolutionary expansion and success.
Three adaptations of flowering plants that contributed to their evolutionary expansion and success are their stem type, seed type, and life span.
What is the function of the sepal of a flowering bud?
To protect the flower bud
What is the function of the sepal of a flowering plant?
To protect the flower bud
Saccharomyces cerevisiae are useful for which of the following?
baking
The club fungi typically reproduce by producing:
basidia
The cell walls of fungi are composed of:
chitin
Sea stars are primarily:
carnivores
An elongate arthropod with one antenna pair, many legs, with one one pair of legs on each segment is known as a(n):
centipede
Like fungi, chytrid cell walls contain which of the following?
chitin
The common ancestor of all animals is/are the:
choanoflagellates
Your abdominal cavity, which contains most of your major organs, is a:
coelom lined by mesoderm
Which pair of words is incorrectly matched?
coelom—nο body cavity
Sponges are believed to have arisen from the choanoflagellates because they possess:
collar cells
A nauplius larva is characteristic of:
crustaceans
Which arthropods have mandibles, gills, excretory glands, and statocysts?
crustaceans
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of (most) deutorestome
determinate cleavage
Hyphae that contain two genetically distinct, sexually compatible nuclei within each cell are described as:
dikaryotic
In deuterostomes, the blastopore develops into the mouth (T or F)
false
Most conifers are dioecious
false
Parapodia are characteristic of oligochaetes. T/F
false
Which of the following phyla is a deuterostome?
echinoderms
The lining of the digestive tube is formed from:
endoderm.
A polyp is a type of stinging cell (T or F)
false
Deuterostomes are split into the Ecdysozoa and the Lophotrochozoa (T of F)
false
Echinoderms are related to chordates because the fist opening to develop becomes the mouth (T or F)
false
In a fungus, a complex multicellular reproductive structure is called a(n):
fruiting body
Lichens are most typically formed by the symbiotic association of an alga or cyanobacterium and a(n):
glomeromycete
A marine invertebrate placed into freshwater would have difficulty surviving because:
it would have difficulty with osmoregulation.
The phylum name Arthropoda refers to:
jointed appendages
Segmentation is important in annelids as an aid in:
locomotion
Arthropods with mandibles, a single pair of antennae, and two legs on most body segments are:
millipedes
The larva in the accompanying figure is characteristic of which group of organisms?
mollusks
A grasshopper belongs in the Ecdysozoa clade because of its ability to:
molt
A plant with floral parts in threes or multiples of three would be classified as a:
monocot.
Most conifers have separate male and female reproductive parts on the same tree. This condition is referred to as:
monoecious
Segmentation in arthropods differs from that of annelids because arthropod segments are:
more specialized
Segmentation is arthropods differs from that of annelids because arthropod segments are:
more specialized
Sea stars eat:
mostly crustaceans and mollusks.
Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the structure labeled as 8 in the figure?
mouth
Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the function of the structure labeled as 8?
movement
Which animal phylum has an asymmetrical body plan?
porifera
Birds are most closely related to:
reptiles
Which are the animals with a crown of cilia that look like a spinning wheel?
rotifers
You are told that the digestive tract of the animal you are studying developed an anus before a mouth. You realize that you may be looking at a(n):
sea star
Which is critical to polychaete and oligochaete locomotion?
setae
The intermediate host for a blood fluke is a:
snail
Indicate whether the following characteristics are found in deuterostomes or protostomes:
spiral cleavage - protostomes blastopore becomes anus - deuterostomes determinate cleavage - protostomes radial cleavage - deuterostomes blastopore becomes mouth - protostomes indeterminate cleavage - deuterostomes
Echinoderms are unique because
their larvae are bilaterally symmetrical while the adult is pentaradially symmetrical
Echinoderms are unique because:
their larvae are bilaterally symmetrical while the adult is pentaradially symmetrical.
What is the purpose of protonephridia in flatworms?
to regulate fluid balance
Cycads were very important during the _____________, which began about 251 million years ago.
triassic period
The ___ are very common arthropod Paleozoic fossils, and are extinct today.
trilobites
A fruit develops from the ovary wall.
true
A lichen is a combination of a fungus and a photoautotroph (T or F)
true
A lichen is a combination of a fungus and a photoautotroph. T/F
true
Animals share a common origin with choanoflagellates (T or F)
true
Annelids are segmented worms (T or F)
true
Which characteristic best describes vertebrates?
vertebral column
The most unique feature of the echinoderms is their
water vascular system
The most unique feature of the echinoderms is their:
water vascular system
How is the pollen of pine trees primarily disseminated?
wind
Which vascular tissue in both gymnosperms and flowering plants is for conducting water and dissolved minerals?
xylem
Which unicellular fungus is probably in most kitchens?
yeast
Refer to the accompanying figure. The structure labeled as 4 is a:
zygote