Biology II Exam #4 Review

The epidermis of a nematode is derived from the:

ectoderm.

Lancelets are:

filter feeders

______________ include oaks, roses, mustards, cacti, blueberries, and sunflowers; these are either herbaceous or woody.

eudicots

Chytrids produce which of the following cells at some point during their life cycle, which is an indicator of fungal evolution?

flagellate

One ancestral characteristic remaining in representatives of the Chytridiomycota is

flagellated cells

One ancestral characteristic remaining in representatives of the Chytridiomycota is:

flagellated cells

The cell walls of fungi are composed of cellulose (T or F)

False

The chordate nerve cord is hollow and located ventrally (T or F)

False

The nervous system develops from the endoderm (T or F)

False

True or False: Nematodes are exclusively aquatic

False

Spiders and ticks are belonging to the the same subphylum (T or F)

True

True or False: Spiders and ticks are belonging to the same subphylum

True

In cnidarians, nematocysts are housed within why type of specialized cell?

cnidocytes

Fungi that lack septa are called:

coenocytic

Which of the following is characteristic to most protostomes?

Cell division tends to be via spiral cleavage

As bilateral symmetry evolved, natural selection led to which of the following?

Cephalization

What arthropod lacks antennas?

Chelicerata

Which of the following are exclusively terrestrial?

Chilopods and Diplopods

The lowermost and outermost whorl on a floral shoot consists of petals (T or F)

False

The primary mycelium of basidiomycetes is dikaryotic (T or F)

False

The rapid appearance of animals in the fossil record occurred during the Ediacaran radiation (T or F)

False

The rapid appearance of animals in the fossil record occurred during the Ediacaran radiation. (T or F)

False

The term "cleavage" refers to a series of meiotic cell divisions (T or F)

False

True or False: A polyp is a type of stinging cell.

False

True or False: A radula is characteristic of certain members of phylum Platyhelminthes.

False

True or False: An exoskeleton is a characteristic of an echinoderm.

False

True or False: Deutorestome are characterized by a spiral cleavage

False

True or False: Echinoderms are characterized by bilateral symmetry in adults and radial symmetry in juveniles.

False

True or False: Echinoderms are related to chordates because the first opening to develop becomes the mouth.

False

True or False: Nematode has an exoskeleton made of chitin

False

True or False: Nematodes are truly coelomates

False

True or False: Parapodia are characteristic of oligochaetes.

False

True or False: Protostomes exhibit radial cleavage.

False

True or False: The chordate nerve cord is hollow and located ventrally.

False

True or False: The exoskeleton of arthropods is made of calcium carbonate

False

True or False: The nervous system develops from the endoderm.

False

The vast majority of bilateral animals have a fluid-filled body cavity, or coelom. Which of the following is an exception?

Flatworms

You have a sample of cat emesis (vomit) and find worms in the sample. The cylindrical worms are long and slender, pointed at each end, with no other distinguishing characteristics. You conclude they are members of which phylum?

Nematoda

What are the two clades of the protostomes?

Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa

What do the large female cones of a pine tree contain?

Megasporangia

Arthropods with two pairs of legs each segment are:

Millipedes

How do mycorrhizae benefit plants?

Mycorrhizae increase a plant's absorptive surface area of roots.

Which of the following embryonic cells are unique to vertebrates?

Neutral crest cells

The hypha, a filament that makes up the vegetative body of most fungi, serves which of the following functions?

Nutrient absorption

Which is an example of a monocot?

Onions

Which arthropod has chelicerae, pedipalps and silk glands?

Spider

Which arthropod has chelicerae, pedipalps, and silk glands?

Spider

If adult sponges are sessile, why can they still be classified as animals?

Sponge larvae are motile.

The name conifer comes from the reproductive parts of conifers as they have separate male and female reproductive parts in different locations on the same plant. What is the technical name for the structures bearing these reproductive parts?

Strobili

Larval tunicates superficially resemble which of the following?

Tadpoles

Which is a characteristic of tapeworms?

Tapeworms have bodies that consist of hundreds of reproductive segments.

Echinoderms' radial symmetry enables which of the following?

The ability to respond effectively in every direction of their surrounding environment

Echinoderms' radial symmetry enables which of the following

The ability to respond effectively to every direction of their surrounding environment

What is the key characteristic that defines the Ecdysozoa clade?

The animal molts

Which was the primary challenge animals faced in adapting to life on land?

The desiccating effect of the atmosphere

What is the function of the phloem in plants?

To transport dissolved sugars

A fruit develops from the ovary wall (T or F)

True

In sponges, spicules are secreted by amoeboid cells (T or F)

True

Malpighian tubules are used for excretion (T or F)

True

Members of phylum Arthropoda have paired, jointed appendages (T or F)

True

Members of the Ecdysozoa clade are characterized by having a cuticle (T or F)

True

Nematoda are not segmented (T or F)

True

One member of subphylum Chelicerata is a spider (T or F)

True

Plankton consists mainly of microscopic organisms that float in the water (T or F)

True

The cephalic end of an animal is toward its head (T or F)

True

The chordate notochord is a dorsal longitudinal rod composed of cartilage (T or F)

True

True or False: Malpighian tubules are used for excretion.

True

True or False: Members of phylum Arthropoda have paired, jointed appendages.

True

True or False: Members of the Ecdysozoa clade are characterized by having a cuticle.

True

True or False: One member of subphylum Chelicerata is a spider.

True

True or False: Plankton consists mainly of microscopic organisms that float in the water.

True

True or False: The chordate notochord is a dorsal longitudinal rod composed of cartilage.

True

The most closely related animal to vertebrates are the:

Urochordates

Which is a unique adaptation in insects not found in any other arthropod?

Wings

What is the process occurring at point 3 in the accompanying figure?

Zygote germination

How is a pseudocoelom different from a coelom?

a coelom is a cavity fully lined by mesoderm.

The head end of an animal is known as its:

anterior end

Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the structure labeled as 6?

anus

One true characteristic of all animals is that they

are heterotrophs

One true characteristic of all animals is that they:

are heterotrophs

The first air-breathing land animals were:

arthropods

Refer to the accompanying figure. The structures labeled as 1, present in some in flatworms, are used for:

attachment

The exoskeleton of arthropods is made up of calcium carbonate (T or F)

false

Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the structure labeled as 9?

feeding polyp

Which of the following are NOT protostomes?

fish

The inner germ layer, or ectoderm, forms which of the following structures?

outer covering of the body, as well as nervous tissue

Which of the following terms is associated with polychaetes?

parapodia

Refer to the accompanying figure. The structure labeled as 1 is a:

perforated septum

The organism in the accompanying figure is a representative of the:

phylum Chordata

A flower that has sepals, petals, and stamens, but lacks carpels, is known as:

incomplete and imperfect

The body wall of cnidarians and ctenophores consist of:

inner and outer cell layers separated by a jelly-like mesoglea

Seed plants produce ovules, each of which is a megasporangium surrounded by ___________.

integuments

The structure labeled as 9 in the accompanying figure was produced by:

meiosis in the resting sporangium.

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of (most) deuterostomes?

Determinate cleavage

Which of the following regarding the coelom is NOT a correct statement?

It functions as an endoskeleton.

Which statement best describes a lophophore?

It is a ciliated ring of tentacles surrounding the mouth

The tetrapods include:

amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

The tetrapods include

amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals

The most diverse, successful, and familiar group of plants today are the:

angiosperms

Sea stars are primarily

carnivores

Which of the following animals helps to maintain fertile soil?

earthworms

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation that contributes to the biological success of insects?

high intraspecific competition

All echinoderms are found:

in marine habitats

Which structure do numerous mollusks use to scrape algae off rocks?

radula

Birds are most closely related to

reptiles

Refer to the accompanying figure. What is missing in the filament labeled as A?

septa

Which of the following is NOT an example of a cnidarian?

sponges

When bread gets moldy with visible black or blue spots, you are looking at masses of the colored:

spores

What is the mode of nutrition for most Poriferans?

suspension feeders

Gas exchange in terrestrial insects is accomplished through:

the use of tracheae

What makes up most of the mass of an individual mushroom?

underground mycelium

Refer to the accompanying figure. Asexual reproduction is occurring at which point?

7

Which label designates a female reproductive structure in the accompanying figure?

8

Which of the following is NOT an opisthokont, a monophyletic group characterized by a posterior flagellum on motile cells?

Algae

Which of the following characteristics about animals is FALSE?

Animals cannot respond to stimuli.

Which of the following statements about arthropods is FALSE?

Arthropods have an incomplete digestive tract

The sac fungi are characterized by sexual reproductive structures called:

Asci

Why are bees important to the reproductive success of flowering plants?

Bees carry pollen to other plants.

From an evolutionary perspective, true nerve cells are first seen in the phylum:

Cnidaria

The accompanying figures are representative of which of the following?

Coniferophyta

Which plants generally have leaves called needles that are long, narrow, tough, and leathery?

Conifers

Which class of echinoderms is considered to be the oldest?

Crinoidea

What arthropod has two antennas?

Crustaceans

In most developing eudicot seeds, the primary source of nutritive material is in the:

Endosperm

What is a disadvantage to having an exoskeleton?

Exoskeletons much be shed when the animal grows, exposing the animal to predators

A radula is characteristic of certain members of phylum Platyhelminthes (T or F)

False

A true coelom develops within the ectoderm (T or F)

False

An exoskeleton is a characteristic of an echinoderm (T or F)

False

An exoskeleton is a characteristic of an echinoderm.

False

Choanocytes are a characteristic of members of the phylum Cnidaria (T or F)

False

Chytrids produce spores that lack a flagellum (T or F)

False

Crustaceans are likely the first animals that conquered the land (T or F)

False

Deuterostomes are split into the Ecdysozoa and the Lophotrochozoa (T or F)

False

Deutorestome are characterized by a spiral cleavage (T or F)

False

Echinoderm are characterized by bilateral symmetry in adults and radial symmetry in juveniles (T or F)

False

In insecta, the head and thorax are fused in a cephalothorax (T or F)

False

In insects, the head and thorax are fused in a cephalothorax. (T or F)

False

Most conifers are dioecious (T or F)

False

Nematodes are exclusively aquatic (T of F)

False

Parapodia are characteristic of oligochaetes (T or F)

False

Protostomes exhibit radial cleavage. (True or False)

False

Yeasts reproduce asexually by:

budding

Which of the following explains why fewer animals live in freshwater than in the ocean?

Freshwater is generally hypotonic to tissue fluids

As a seed develops from an ovule, the ovule wall enlarges and develops into a:

Fruit

Describe the importance of fungi as decomposer.

Fungi as decomposers are important for the health of an ecosystem because they break down nonliving organic matter and release nutrients. Plants use this nutrients to pass it on to other consumers to continue the chain.

Which generation is significantly reduced in size and entirely dependent on the sporophyte generation?

Gametophyte

Which of the following phyla is unusual because it is composed of a single extent species?

Ginkgophyta

What arthropod has one antenna only?

Insecta

Which class of animals has the largest number of species?

Insecta

Which statement best supports why animals most likely evolved in the ocean?

Internal fluid and salt balance were easy to maintain.

The organism is the accompanying figure is a representation of the:

Phylum chordata

Which process marks the start of the dikaryotic stage (n + n) in the fungal reproductive cycle?

Plasmogamy

Which part of a flowering plant is the immature male gametophyte?

Pollen grain

How do protostomes differ from deuterostomes?

Protostomes undergo spiral cleavage during development.

Which of the following are sluggish creatures that live on the sea bottom, and are considered the vacuum cleaner of the ocean bottom?

Sea cucumbers

Which of the following are carnivorous predators and scavengers

Sea stars

Which of the following are carnivorous predators and scavengers?

Sea stars

After fertilization in angiosperms, what does the ovule develop into?

Seed

In most fungi, hyphae are divided by cross walls, termed which of the following?

Septa

Which of the following is characteristic of flatworms?

They are acoelomate (have no body cavity)

Which is a characteristic of ribbon worms and flatworms?

They are acoelomates

Which of the following correctly describes fungal spores?

They are nonmotile and reproduce either sexually or asexually.

Which of the following is a major problem for sessile animals?

They are unable to escape unfavorable environmental conditions.

How do leeches differ from other annelids?

They do not have setae or parapodia

Which of the following is a correct statement regarding cnidarians?

They have a nerve net

Which is a characteristic of all annelids?

They have a segmented body

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of cnidarians?

They have one body shape, known as medusa

Identify and briefly explain three adaptations of flowering plants that contributed to their evolutionary expansion and success.

Three adaptations of flowering plants that contributed to their evolutionary expansion and success are their stem type, seed type, and life span.

What is the function of the sepal of a flowering bud?

To protect the flower bud

What is the function of the sepal of a flowering plant?

To protect the flower bud

Saccharomyces cerevisiae are useful for which of the following?

baking

The club fungi typically reproduce by producing:

basidia

The cell walls of fungi are composed of:

chitin

Sea stars are primarily:

carnivores

An elongate arthropod with one antenna pair, many legs, with one one pair of legs on each segment is known as a(n):

centipede

Like fungi, chytrid cell walls contain which of the following?

chitin

The common ancestor of all animals is/are the:

choanoflagellates

Your abdominal cavity, which contains most of your major organs, is a:

coelom lined by mesoderm

Which pair of words is incorrectly matched?

coelom—nο body cavity

Sponges are believed to have arisen from the choanoflagellates because they possess:

collar cells

A nauplius larva is characteristic of:

crustaceans

Which arthropods have mandibles, gills, excretory glands, and statocysts?

crustaceans

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of (most) deutorestome

determinate cleavage

Hyphae that contain two genetically distinct, sexually compatible nuclei within each cell are described as:

dikaryotic

In deuterostomes, the blastopore develops into the mouth (T or F)

false

Most conifers are dioecious

false

Parapodia are characteristic of oligochaetes. T/F

false

Which of the following phyla is a deuterostome?

echinoderms

The lining of the digestive tube is formed from:

endoderm.

A polyp is a type of stinging cell (T or F)

false

Deuterostomes are split into the Ecdysozoa and the Lophotrochozoa (T of F)

false

Echinoderms are related to chordates because the fist opening to develop becomes the mouth (T or F)

false

In a fungus, a complex multicellular reproductive structure is called a(n):

fruiting body

Lichens are most typically formed by the symbiotic association of an alga or cyanobacterium and a(n):

glomeromycete

A marine invertebrate placed into freshwater would have difficulty surviving because:

it would have difficulty with osmoregulation.

The phylum name Arthropoda refers to:

jointed appendages

Segmentation is important in annelids as an aid in:

locomotion

Arthropods with mandibles, a single pair of antennae, and two legs on most body segments are:

millipedes

The larva in the accompanying figure is characteristic of which group of organisms?

mollusks

A grasshopper belongs in the Ecdysozoa clade because of its ability to:

molt

A plant with floral parts in threes or multiples of three would be classified as a:

monocot.

Most conifers have separate male and female reproductive parts on the same tree. This condition is referred to as:

monoecious

Segmentation in arthropods differs from that of annelids because arthropod segments are:

more specialized

Segmentation is arthropods differs from that of annelids because arthropod segments are:

more specialized

Sea stars eat:

mostly crustaceans and mollusks.

Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the structure labeled as 8 in the figure?

mouth

Refer to the accompanying figure. What is the function of the structure labeled as 8?

movement

Which animal phylum has an asymmetrical body plan?

porifera

Birds are most closely related to:

reptiles

Which are the animals with a crown of cilia that look like a spinning wheel?

rotifers

You are told that the digestive tract of the animal you are studying developed an anus before a mouth. You realize that you may be looking at a(n):

sea star

Which is critical to polychaete and oligochaete locomotion?

setae

The intermediate host for a blood fluke is a:

snail

Indicate whether the following characteristics are found in deuterostomes or protostomes:

spiral cleavage - protostomes blastopore becomes anus - deuterostomes determinate cleavage - protostomes radial cleavage - deuterostomes blastopore becomes mouth - protostomes indeterminate cleavage - deuterostomes

Echinoderms are unique because

their larvae are bilaterally symmetrical while the adult is pentaradially symmetrical

Echinoderms are unique because:

their larvae are bilaterally symmetrical while the adult is pentaradially symmetrical.

What is the purpose of protonephridia in flatworms?

to regulate fluid balance

Cycads were very important during the _____________, which began about 251 million years ago.

triassic period

The ___ are very common arthropod Paleozoic fossils, and are extinct today.

trilobites

A fruit develops from the ovary wall.

true

A lichen is a combination of a fungus and a photoautotroph (T or F)

true

A lichen is a combination of a fungus and a photoautotroph. T/F

true

Animals share a common origin with choanoflagellates (T or F)

true

Annelids are segmented worms (T or F)

true

Which characteristic best describes vertebrates?

vertebral column

The most unique feature of the echinoderms is their

water vascular system

The most unique feature of the echinoderms is their:

water vascular system

How is the pollen of pine trees primarily disseminated?

wind

Which vascular tissue in both gymnosperms and flowering plants is for conducting water and dissolved minerals?

xylem

Which unicellular fungus is probably in most kitchens?

yeast

Refer to the accompanying figure. The structure labeled as 4 is a:

zygote