Biology Marking Period 2 Test
___ compounds contain carbon and hydrogen.
organic
Diagrams, tables, and graphs are used by scientists mainly to __________.
organize and analyze data
A biologist diluted a blood sample with distilled (pure) water. While observing the sample with a microscope, she noticed that the red blood cells had burst. This bursting is most likely the result of which process?
osmosis
Diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane
osmosis
What would happen if decomposers were removed from the ecosystem?
waste and dead organisms will pile up and producers will not have enough energy because the decomposers won't be bringing that energy back in
Evaporation and condensation are parts of the _______ cycle.
water
Which of the following substances can most easily pass through most cell membranes?
water
What are the raw materials needed by living things?
water, protein, fat, and sugar
Beans will grow faster if you fertilize them at regular intervals than if you only fertilize the ground once before you plant them.
Form a hypothesis
If I add more catalyst to the reaction, the reaction will speed up.
Form a hypothesis
The basic unit of structure and function of all living things is a(n) ___________.
cell
The stable stage that is established in an area as a result of the process of ecological succession:
climax community
Which concepts are in action when you see a bug walking on water?
cohesion and surface tension
The shape & function of proteins are disrupted by changes in
heat and pH
Ecosystems with _______ (many different species) are most stable.
high biodiversity
Which organisms would most likely be the pioneer organisms on a newly formed volcanic island?
lichens
Part of a cell membrane
cholesterol, phospholipid bilayer, transport proteins
Parasitic organisms require a _______ for survival.
living host organism
Characteristic of ALL organisms:
made of cells, grow and develop, reproduce, maintain homeostasis, and use energy.
SCENARIO: Solution A contains 18 grams of salt in 6 liters of water. Solution B contains 24 grams of salt in 12 liters of water. What is the concentration of solution B?
2 g/L
SCENARIO: Solution A contains 18 grams of salt in 6 liters of water. Solution B contains 24 grams of salt in 12 liters of water. What is the concentration of solution A?
3 g/L
A map of eastern North America, showing pH of rainfall in the various states, indicates that the pH of rain in New York State varies from 4.22 to 4.40. According to these figures, the most acidic rainfall in New York State has a pH of
4.22
A cell that contains 30% water is placed in a solution that is 50% water. The cell and the solution will reach equilibrium when they both contain how much water?
40%
A silver (Ag) atom has 47 protons. How many electrons does it have?
47
How many trophic levels does the food chain include? sun --> grass --> grasshopper --> spider --> toad --> snake
5
Which of the following pH levels indicates that a solution is neutral?
7.0
Discuss in detail the difference between how a unicellular organism and a multicellular organism grow.
A unicellular organism grows by getting bigger and and a multicellular organism grows by producing more cells.
A hypotonic solution is _______ another solution.
less concentrated than
Which of the following is an example of development?
ALL of the above
How do molecules differ from atoms?
Atoms are individual particles, but molecules are combinations of atoms
Is water (H2O) a molecule, a compound, both a molecule AND a compound, OR neither a molecule nor a compound?
BOTH a molecule AND a compound
After analyzing the data table of plant growth and light, the scientist determined that plants grow twice as fast in full sunlight than in areas of partial sunlight.
Draw a conclusion from the results
What characteristic allows enzymes to function in a specific way?
Each enzyme has a characteristic (specific) shape.
Water is known to be an excellent solvent for many materials. Which characteristic makes water such a good solvent?
It is a polar molecule with ends that have slight charges.
Similar organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring are called _____.
a species
If many of the grasshoppers were killed off by spraying of insecticide, what would most likely happen to the number of toads this ecosystem could support? sun --> grass --> grasshopper --> spider --> toad --> snake
It would decrease because there would be less spiders to eat.
Identify the molecule(s)
O3, CO2, C6H12O6, water
What three things will happen when Earth reaches carrying capacity?
Starvation, war, and disease
In an experiment, caterpillars consumed 8 grams of lettuce leaves and 0.4 grams of tomato leaves.
State the results
Which of the following is NOT a quantitative observation?
Strawberries taste sweet.
A scientist took saliva from his dog's mouth and mixed it with a solution of starch and warm water. He took the same amount of saliva from his own mouth and mixed it with the contents of a second tube of starch and warm water. One hour later, the contents of both tubes were checked for the presence of sugar.
Test the hypothesis with an experiment
While preparing a cell culture, a scientist places a colony of bacteria into distilled water and stirs it. The mixture of water and living cells would be called
a suspension
Biology
The study of all living things
What can you say about the amount of hydrogen ions relative to the amount of hydroxide ions in a solution that has a pH of 12?
There are more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions.
Which statement best describes how enzymes influence chemical reactions in living systems?
They increase the rate at which reactions occur.
A classmate tells you that diffusion and active transport can both occur in a dead cell. State whether or not your classmate is correct in his thinking AND explain to support your determination
They will both continue since they don't require energy
Can organisms fill more than one trophic level?
Yes
A student tossed a coin five times and observed results of four tails and one head. He concluded that when a coin is tossed, there is an 80% chance of getting a tail and a 20% chance of getting a head. The conclusion would be more valid if
a greater number of tosses had been used
After doing some research, you predict that the presence of water could accelerate (speed up) the growth of bread mold. This is _______.
a hypothesis
Based on your observations, you predict that the presence of water could accelerate (speed up) the growth of bread mold. This is _______.
a hypothesis
What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
a nucleotide
What is the term used to describe the energy needed to get a reaction started?
activation energy
In a chemical reaction, substrates bind to an enzyme at a region known as the ___.
active site
Which of the following would cause capillary action in plants and a meniscus to appear in a graduated cylinder?
adhesion
As nutrients and energy move from grasses to snakes, the amount of available energy ___. sun --> grass --> grasshopper --> spider --> toad --> snake
always decreases and population size may also decrease.
Elements that all organisms are composed of
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen
Which of the following convert nitrogen in the air into a form plants can use?
bacteria and lightning
Distinct biological communities with shared climates
biomes
What is an example of an organic macromolecule?
carbohydrate
A(n) _______ is a group of populations living together in an ecosystem.
community
When two different species live in the same area and use the same limited resources, which of the following will occur?
competition
Two or more different elements chemically combined together in definite proportions to create a new substance is a
compound
Calculated by dividing the mass of a solute in a given volume of solution
concentration
The ______ group in an experiment is used as a baseline for comparison purposes
control
A ___ bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms.
covalent
Researchers performing a well-designed experiment should base their conclusions on ______.
data from repeated trials of the experiment
Random movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
diffusion
Which of the following does NOT require energy?
diffusion, osmosis, and passive transport
Diffusion will occur until the concentration of molecules is equal in both areas. This is known as
dynamic equilibrium
In ________, scientists study interactions among or between organisms and their physical surroundings in an environment.
ecology
Which term includes ALL of the interactions that occur between the organisms and the nonliving parts of an environment?
eocsystem
The process during which all organisms release waste is known as ____.
excretion
Function(s) of proteins
form skin and muscles, carry oxygen in the blood of humans, and control the rate of chemical reactions.
A _______ is the place where an organism lives its life that provides everything the organism needs for survival.
habitat
An animal cell is placed in distilled (pure) water and then transferred to a 25% salt solution. As a result of this procedure, the cell would be likely to:
get larger, then smaller
What are the most common building blocks of lipids?
glycerol and fatty acids
Which tool is the best to use when measuring 13 mL of water?
graduated cylinder
Which organism in this food chain store the energy from sunlight energy in the form of food? sun --> grass --> grasshopper --> spider --> toad --> snake
grass
An increase in size is referred to as ____
growth
Organisms will respond to stimuli in the environment to maintain ___ which is optimal (perfect) internal conditions.
homeostasis
An acid is a substance that forms ___ in water and will have a pH below 7.
hydrogen ions (H+)
What kind of environment is described when the concentration of dissolved substances (solute) is greater outside the cell than inside the cell?
hypertonic
All of the following are acceptable units of measurement in the metric system EXCEPT ____.
inches
The _______ variable in an experiment is changed intentionally
independent
When graphing experimental data, the ____ is plotted on the ____ axis.
independent variable; x axis
A region's biome is determined by the location's ______ and climate.
latitude
All chemical reactions that occur in an organism are known as that organism's ______.
metabolism
To measure the length of our classroom in the metric system, the units we use are _____.
meters
When you shake sugar and sand together in a test tube, you cause them to form a
mixture
Any 2 or more atoms bonded together forms a(n)
molecule
The subunits that are bonded together to form a macromolecule are known as
monomers
Atoms, such as chlorine, that GAIN electrons become
negative ions
A student observes that an organism is green. A valid conclusion that can be drawn from this observation is that
not enough information is given to determine whether the organism is a plant or an animal
Which organic macromolecule is involved in protein synthesis?
nucleic acids
Besides energy, what moves through the organisms at each trophic level of an ecosystem?
nutrients
A controlled experiment allows the scientist to test _____ variable(s) at a time
one
Which type of bond holds amino acids together to form proteins?
peptide
What is a major limiting biotic factor for animal succession in each stage of ecological succession?
plant species
Which of the following can be used to represent a cell membrane?
plastic bag
Very large molecules, such as starches or proteins, are known as ___.
polymers
A group of individuals of one species living in an ecosystem is known as a(n) ____
population
A _____ will capture, kill, and consume another animal for its food source.
predator
What's an example of a natural food chain?
producer → herbivore → omnivore
Which macromolecule is correctly paired with an end product of its digestion?
protein → amino acid
The statement "the worm is 9 cm long" is a (an) _____.
quantitative observation
The cell membrane of all cells
regulates (controls) diffusion
Only small amounts of enzymes are required for reactions within cells because enzymes are:
reused
Phosphorus in soil comes from ________.
rocks and decaying organisms
A lion that eats a zebra that ate grass is a ________
secondary consumer
Term that describes how the cell membrane allows some substances to cross but not others
semi-permeable / selectively permeable
All of the following are raw materials needed by living things EXCEPT _____.
shelter
The function of carbohydrates
short term energy
A cell in a hypertonic solution will
shrink
Which population will most likely contain the smallest number of organisms? sun --> grass --> grasshopper --> spider --> toad --> snake
snake
When salt is dissolved in water, salt is the
solute
Energy that is lost at each trophic level of an ecosystem is replenished by ____.
sunlight
A mixture, such as your blood, that will separate into layers when left undisturbed is a:
suspension
A cell in a hypotonic solution will
swell
During ______, simple substances are combined into complex substances.
synthesis
In the biosphere, what are some of the major ABIOTIC factors that determine the distribution and types of plant communities?
temperature, sunlight, and rainfall
To be useful in science, a hypothesis has to be _________.
testable
All of Earth's water, land, and atmosphere within which life exists is known as ______.
the biosphere
What do the arrows in the food chain represent?
the direction of energy flow through a series of organisms.
When hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water (H + O → H₂O), water would be _____.
the product
Plants lose water to the air through a process known as ____.
transpiration
To make a qualitative observation, you must use
your senses
______ is used to describe a population in which the number of organisms being born is equal to the number that are dying.
zero population growth
