Biology Marking Period 2 Test

___ compounds contain carbon and hydrogen.

organic

Diagrams, tables, and graphs are used by scientists mainly to __________.

organize and analyze data

A biologist diluted a blood sample with distilled (pure) water. While observing the sample with a microscope, she noticed that the red blood cells had burst. This bursting is most likely the result of which process?

osmosis

Diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane

osmosis

What would happen if decomposers were removed from the ecosystem?

waste and dead organisms will pile up and producers will not have enough energy because the decomposers won't be bringing that energy back in

Evaporation and condensation are parts of the _______ cycle.

water

Which of the following substances can most easily pass through most cell membranes?

water

What are the raw materials needed by living things?

water, protein, fat, and sugar

Beans will grow faster if you fertilize them at regular intervals than if you only fertilize the ground once before you plant them.

Form a hypothesis

If I add more catalyst to the reaction, the reaction will speed up.

Form a hypothesis

The basic unit of structure and function of all living things is a(n) ___________.

cell

The stable stage that is established in an area as a result of the process of ecological succession:

climax community

Which concepts are in action when you see a bug walking on water?

cohesion and surface tension

The shape & function of proteins are disrupted by changes in

heat and pH

Ecosystems with _______ (many different species) are most stable.

high biodiversity

Which organisms would most likely be the pioneer organisms on a newly formed volcanic island?

lichens

Part of a cell membrane

cholesterol, phospholipid bilayer, transport proteins

Parasitic organisms require a _______ for survival.

living host organism

Characteristic of ALL organisms:

made of cells, grow and develop, reproduce, maintain homeostasis, and use energy.

SCENARIO: Solution A contains 18 grams of salt in 6 liters of water. Solution B contains 24 grams of salt in 12 liters of water. What is the concentration of solution B?

2 g/L

SCENARIO: Solution A contains 18 grams of salt in 6 liters of water. Solution B contains 24 grams of salt in 12 liters of water. What is the concentration of solution A?

3 g/L

A map of eastern North America, showing pH of rainfall in the various states, indicates that the pH of rain in New York State varies from 4.22 to 4.40. According to these figures, the most acidic rainfall in New York State has a pH of

4.22

A cell that contains 30% water is placed in a solution that is 50% water. The cell and the solution will reach equilibrium when they both contain how much water?

40%

A silver (Ag) atom has 47 protons. How many electrons does it have?

47

How many trophic levels does the food chain include? sun --> grass --> grasshopper --> spider --> toad --> snake

5

Which of the following pH levels indicates that a solution is neutral?

7.0

Discuss in detail the difference between how a unicellular organism and a multicellular organism grow.

A unicellular organism grows by getting bigger and and a multicellular organism grows by producing more cells.

A hypotonic solution is _______ another solution.

less concentrated than

Which of the following is an example of development?

ALL of the above

How do molecules differ from atoms?

Atoms are individual particles, but molecules are combinations of atoms

Is water (H2O) a molecule, a compound, both a molecule AND a compound, OR neither a molecule nor a compound?

BOTH a molecule AND a compound

After analyzing the data table of plant growth and light, the scientist determined that plants grow twice as fast in full sunlight than in areas of partial sunlight.

Draw a conclusion from the results

What characteristic allows enzymes to function in a specific way?

Each enzyme has a characteristic (specific) shape.

Water is known to be an excellent solvent for many materials. Which characteristic makes water such a good solvent?

It is a polar molecule with ends that have slight charges.

Similar organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring are called _____.

a species

If many of the grasshoppers were killed off by spraying of insecticide, what would most likely happen to the number of toads this ecosystem could support? sun --> grass --> grasshopper --> spider --> toad --> snake

It would decrease because there would be less spiders to eat.

Identify the molecule(s)

O3, CO2, C6H12O6, water

What three things will happen when Earth reaches carrying capacity?

Starvation, war, and disease

In an experiment, caterpillars consumed 8 grams of lettuce leaves and 0.4 grams of tomato leaves.

State the results

Which of the following is NOT a quantitative observation?

Strawberries taste sweet.

A scientist took saliva from his dog's mouth and mixed it with a solution of starch and warm water. He took the same amount of saliva from his own mouth and mixed it with the contents of a second tube of starch and warm water. One hour later, the contents of both tubes were checked for the presence of sugar.

Test the hypothesis with an experiment

While preparing a cell culture, a scientist places a colony of bacteria into distilled water and stirs it. The mixture of water and living cells would be called

a suspension

Biology

The study of all living things

What can you say about the amount of hydrogen ions relative to the amount of hydroxide ions in a solution that has a pH of 12?

There are more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions.

Which statement best describes how enzymes influence chemical reactions in living systems?

They increase the rate at which reactions occur.

A classmate tells you that diffusion and active transport can both occur in a dead cell. State whether or not your classmate is correct in his thinking AND explain to support your determination

They will both continue since they don't require energy

Can organisms fill more than one trophic level?

Yes

A student tossed a coin five times and observed results of four tails and one head. He concluded that when a coin is tossed, there is an 80% chance of getting a tail and a 20% chance of getting a head. The conclusion would be more valid if

a greater number of tosses had been used

After doing some research, you predict that the presence of water could accelerate (speed up) the growth of bread mold. This is _______.

a hypothesis

Based on your observations, you predict that the presence of water could accelerate (speed up) the growth of bread mold. This is _______.

a hypothesis

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

a nucleotide

What is the term used to describe the energy needed to get a reaction started?

activation energy

In a chemical reaction, substrates bind to an enzyme at a region known as the ___.

active site

Which of the following would cause capillary action in plants and a meniscus to appear in a graduated cylinder?

adhesion

As nutrients and energy move from grasses to snakes, the amount of available energy ___. sun --> grass --> grasshopper --> spider --> toad --> snake

always decreases and population size may also decrease.

Elements that all organisms are composed of

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen

Which of the following convert nitrogen in the air into a form plants can use?

bacteria and lightning

Distinct biological communities with shared climates

biomes

What is an example of an organic macromolecule?

carbohydrate

A(n) _______ is a group of populations living together in an ecosystem.

community

When two different species live in the same area and use the same limited resources, which of the following will occur?

competition

Two or more different elements chemically combined together in definite proportions to create a new substance is a

compound

Calculated by dividing the mass of a solute in a given volume of solution

concentration

The ______ group in an experiment is used as a baseline for comparison purposes

control

A ___ bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms.

covalent

Researchers performing a well-designed experiment should base their conclusions on ______.

data from repeated trials of the experiment

Random movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

diffusion

Which of the following does NOT require energy?

diffusion, osmosis, and passive transport

Diffusion will occur until the concentration of molecules is equal in both areas. This is known as

dynamic equilibrium

In ________, scientists study interactions among or between organisms and their physical surroundings in an environment.

ecology

Which term includes ALL of the interactions that occur between the organisms and the nonliving parts of an environment?

eocsystem

The process during which all organisms release waste is known as ____.

excretion

Function(s) of proteins

form skin and muscles, carry oxygen in the blood of humans, and control the rate of chemical reactions.

A _______ is the place where an organism lives its life that provides everything the organism needs for survival.

habitat

An animal cell is placed in distilled (pure) water and then transferred to a 25% salt solution. As a result of this procedure, the cell would be likely to:

get larger, then smaller

What are the most common building blocks of lipids?

glycerol and fatty acids

Which tool is the best to use when measuring 13 mL of water?

graduated cylinder

Which organism in this food chain store the energy from sunlight energy in the form of food? sun --> grass --> grasshopper --> spider --> toad --> snake

grass

An increase in size is referred to as ____

growth

Organisms will respond to stimuli in the environment to maintain ___ which is optimal (perfect) internal conditions.

homeostasis

An acid is a substance that forms ___ in water and will have a pH below 7.

hydrogen ions (H+)

What kind of environment is described when the concentration of dissolved substances (solute) is greater outside the cell than inside the cell?

hypertonic

All of the following are acceptable units of measurement in the metric system EXCEPT ____.

inches

The _______ variable in an experiment is changed intentionally

independent

When graphing experimental data, the ____ is plotted on the ____ axis.

independent variable; x axis

A region's biome is determined by the location's ______ and climate.

latitude

All chemical reactions that occur in an organism are known as that organism's ______.

metabolism

To measure the length of our classroom in the metric system, the units we use are _____.

meters

When you shake sugar and sand together in a test tube, you cause them to form a

mixture

Any 2 or more atoms bonded together forms a(n)

molecule

The subunits that are bonded together to form a macromolecule are known as

monomers

Atoms, such as chlorine, that GAIN electrons become

negative ions

A student observes that an organism is green. A valid conclusion that can be drawn from this observation is that

not enough information is given to determine whether the organism is a plant or an animal

Which organic macromolecule is involved in protein synthesis?

nucleic acids

Besides energy, what moves through the organisms at each trophic level of an ecosystem?

nutrients

A controlled experiment allows the scientist to test _____ variable(s) at a time

one

Which type of bond holds amino acids together to form proteins?

peptide

What is a major limiting biotic factor for animal succession in each stage of ecological succession?

plant species

Which of the following can be used to represent a cell membrane?

plastic bag

Very large molecules, such as starches or proteins, are known as ___.

polymers

A group of individuals of one species living in an ecosystem is known as a(n) ____

population

A _____ will capture, kill, and consume another animal for its food source.

predator

What's an example of a natural food chain?

producer → herbivore → omnivore

Which macromolecule is correctly paired with an end product of its digestion?

protein → amino acid

The statement "the worm is 9 cm long" is a (an) _____.

quantitative observation

The cell membrane of all cells

regulates (controls) diffusion

Only small amounts of enzymes are required for reactions within cells because enzymes are:

reused

Phosphorus in soil comes from ________.

rocks and decaying organisms

A lion that eats a zebra that ate grass is a ________

secondary consumer

Term that describes how the cell membrane allows some substances to cross but not others

semi-permeable / selectively permeable

All of the following are raw materials needed by living things EXCEPT _____.

shelter

The function of carbohydrates

short term energy

A cell in a hypertonic solution will

shrink

Which population will most likely contain the smallest number of organisms? sun --> grass --> grasshopper --> spider --> toad --> snake

snake

When salt is dissolved in water, salt is the

solute

Energy that is lost at each trophic level of an ecosystem is replenished by ____.

sunlight

A mixture, such as your blood, that will separate into layers when left undisturbed is a:

suspension

A cell in a hypotonic solution will

swell

During ______, simple substances are combined into complex substances.

synthesis

In the biosphere, what are some of the major ABIOTIC factors that determine the distribution and types of plant communities?

temperature, sunlight, and rainfall

To be useful in science, a hypothesis has to be _________.

testable

All of Earth's water, land, and atmosphere within which life exists is known as ______.

the biosphere

What do the arrows in the food chain represent?

the direction of energy flow through a series of organisms.

When hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water (H + O → H₂O), water would be _____.

the product

Plants lose water to the air through a process known as ____.

transpiration

To make a qualitative observation, you must use

your senses

______ is used to describe a population in which the number of organisms being born is equal to the number that are dying.

zero population growth