Biology Quarter Final
Where are complex carbohydrates made in the chloroplast? A. In the intermembrane space B. In the stroma C. On the inner membrane D. In the thylakoid space
B. In the stroma
What is a characteristic of type II diabetes? A. Insufficient insulin B. Insulin insensitivity C. Excess glucagon D. Low white blood cell count
B. Insulin insensitivity
What is the effect of abscisic acid on transpiration? A. It increases transpiration by causing the stomata to open. B. It decreases transpiration by causing the stomata to close. C. It increases transpiration by decreasing the humidity inside the leaf. D. It decreases transpiration by increasing the humidity inside the leaf.
B. It decreases transpiration by causing the stomata to close.
Which gas produces most of the bubbles in bread dough? A. Oxygen B. Methane C. Carbon dioxide D. Water vapour
C. Carbon dioxide
Which type of reaction is the breakdown of starch into sugars? A. Denaturation B. Reduction C. Catabolic D. Condensation
C. Catabolic
How does the hypothalamus respond to a very high body temperature? A. Increases muscle contraction B. Stops receiving sensory input C. Causes dilation of skin arterioles D. Slows the heart rate
C. Causes dilation of skin arterioles
Which shows the order of size from smallest to largest? A. Viruses → cell membrane thickness → eukaryotic cells → prokaryotic cells B. Cell membrane thickness → prokaryotic cells → viruses → eukaryotic cells C. Cell membrane thickness → viruses → prokaryotic cells → eukaryotic cells D. Viruses → cell membrane thickness → prokaryotic cells → eukaryotic cells
C. Cell membrane thickness → viruses → prokaryotic cells → eukaryotic cells
What is the source of the oxygen released into the air as a product of photosynthesis? A. Chlorophyll B. Carbon dioxide only C. Water only D. Both water and carbon dioxide
D. Both water and carbon dioxide
Which carbon compound produced by living organisms is inorganic? A. DNA B. Cellulose C. Glucose D. Carbon dioxide
D. Carbon dioxide
Which structure is acted upon by ADH (vasopressin)? A. Proximal convoluted tubule B. Bowman's capsule C. Loop of Henle D. Collecting duct
D. Collecting duct
Which organelle is involved in generating vesicles destined for the cell membrane? A. Golgi apparatus B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum D. Lysosome
A. Golgi apparatus
What is the approximate thickness of the plasma membrane of a cell? A. 10 nm B. 50 nm C. 10µm D. 50µm
A. 10 nm
Which evidence for evolution do the common features in the bone structure of vertebrate limbs provide? A. Adaptive radiation B. Divergent radiation C. Convergent evolution D. Discontinuous variation
A. Adaptive radiation
Animal cells often secrete glycoproteins as extracellular components. What is a role of these glycoproteins? A. Adhesion B. Additional energy reserve C. Membrane fluidity D. Water uptake
A. Adhesion
Where could an action potential occur in a motor neuron? A. Anywhere on the cell membrane B. Dendrites only C. Cell body only D. Axon only
A. Anywhere on the cell membrane
Which molecule is a polysaccharide? A. Cellulose B. Fructose C. Maltose D. Sucrose
A. Cellulose
The most abundant structural protein in the human body is found in ligaments and skin. What is the name of this protein? A. Collagen B. Hemoglobin C. Myoglobin D. Immunoglobulin
A. Collagen
What evidence from the image of Paramecium indicates whether the organism is a prokaryote or a eukaryote? A. Compartments in the cell indicate that it is a eukaryote. B. No nucleus indicates that the cell is a prokaryote. C. Lack of a cell wall indicates that the cell is a eukaryote. D. It is a unicellular organism, so it must be a prokaryote.
A. Compartments in the cell indicate that it is a eukaryote.
A plant has cambium in its vascular tissue and pollen is produced in male cones. The plant disperses seeds but does not produce fruit. In which phylum does this plant belong? A. Coniferophyta B. Angiospermophyta C. Filicinophyta D. Bryophyta
A. Coniferophyta
Which process is possible due to the fluidity of cell membranes? A. Endocytosis B. Osmosis C. ATP production D. Cell recognition
A. Endocytosis
Which statement describes the movements of the rib cage during inhalation of air? A. External intercostal muscles contract moving the ribs up and outwards. B. Internal intercostal muscles contract moving the ribs down and inwards. C. External intercostal muscles relax moving ribs down and inwards. D. Internal intercostal muscles relax moving ribs up and outwards.
A. External intercostal muscles contract moving the ribs up and outwards.
Which response takes place when blood glucose levels are low? A. Glucagon is released from the α cells of the pancreatic islets. B. Glucagon is released from the β cells of the pancreatic islets. C. Insulin is released from the α cells of the pancreatic islets. D. Insulin is released from the β cells of the pancreatic islets.
A. Glucagon is released from the α cells of the pancreatic islets.
What describes anaerobic cell respiration? A. Glucose break down to pyruvate B. Carbon dioxide fixation C. No ATP formation D. Occurs in the mitochondrion
A. Glucose break down to pyruvate
What is the advantage of having a small volume inside the thylakoids of the chloroplast? A. High proton concentrations are rapidly developed. B. High electron concentrations are rapidly developed. C. Photosynthetic pigments are highly concentrated. D. Enzymes of the Calvin cycle are highly concentrated
A. High proton concentrations are rapidly developed.
Which structures have a phospholipid bilayer? I. vesicle II. nucleus III. nucleoid A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II, and III
A. I and II only
What characteristic(s) of water allow(s) effective transport of nutrients around the body by blood? I. Solvent properties II. Thermal capacity III. Transparency A. I only B. I and II only C. II and III only D. I, II and III
A. I only
Lichens are returning to the forests of the industrial areas of the United Kingdom due to strict pollution control. What is the expected outcome in the population of peppered moths (Biston betularia)? A. Increased numbers of light-coloured peppered moths B. Increased industrial melanism in peppered moths C. Increased predation of peppered moths D. Increased speciation of peppered moths
A. Increased numbers of light-coloured peppered moths
What is the difference between galactose and lactose? A. Lactose is a disaccharide and galactose is a monosaccharide. B. Lactose is the product of anaerobic respiration in humans and galactose is the product of anaerobic respiration in yeast. C. Lactose is an enzyme and galactose is a hormone. D. Galactose is a sugar found in milk but lactose is not found in milk.
A. Lactose is a disaccharide and galactose is a monosaccharide.
What evidence supports the cell theory? A. Living organisms are made up of cells. B. Unicellular organisms carry out all the functions of life. C. Multicellular organisms show emergent properties. D. Cells can develop from inorganic molecules.
A. Living organisms are made up of cells.
During expiration, how does air pressure in the lungs compare with atmospheric pressure? A. Lung air pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure. B. Lung air pressure is less than atmospheric pressure. C. Lung air pressure starts below atmospheric pressure and rises above it. D. Lung air pressure starts above atmospheric pressure and falls below it
A. Lung air pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure.
Which structure is present in a prokaryotic cell? A. Plasma membrane B. 80S ribosome C. Nucleus D. Chloroplast
A. Plasma membrane
What can be found in plant cells but not animal cells? A. Starch B. Mitochondria C. Golgi apparatus D. Rough ER
A. Starch
Where in the cell does the Calvin cycle take place? A. Stroma of chloroplast B. Mitochondrial matrix C. Cytoplasm D. Inside thylakoid
A. Stroma of chloroplast
What is the definition of cell respiration? A. The controlled release of energy, in the form of ATP, from organic compounds. B. The process used in some organisms to produce their own organic substances. C. The process that uses energy, in the form of ATP, to produce organic compounds. D. The controlled release of energy during the production of food from organic compounds
A. The controlled release of energy, in the form of ATP, from organic compounds.
Which muscle action is associated with an increase in the volume of the thoracic cavity during inspiration? A. The diaphragm contracts. B. The external intercostal muscles relax. C. The internal intercostal muscles contract. D. The abdominal muscles contract.
A. The diaphragm contracts.
What causes air to be breathed out by the lungs? A. The diaphragm relaxes and the ribs fall. B. The ribs rise and the external intercostal muscles relax. C. The internal intercostal muscles contract and the ribs rise. D. The diaphragm contracts and internal intercostal muscles contract.
A. The diaphragm relaxes and the ribs fall.
What is osmosis? A. The movement of water through a membrane from a low to a high solute concentration B. The movement of solutes through a membrane from a high to a low water concentration C. The movement of water through a membrane from a high to a low solute concentration D. The movement of solutes through a membrane from a low to a high water concentration
A. The movement of water through a membrane from a low to a high solute concentration
Which characteristic of stem cells makes them useful for treating Stargardt's disease? A. They can differentiate into retinal cells. B. They are readily available from especially created embryos. C. They transport white blood cells to the eyes. D. They divide by binary fission so provide sufficient cells
A. They can differentiate into retinal cells
How can knowledge about the pineal gland function be applied? A. To restore sleep time by the use of melatonin B. To trigger ovulation during an IVF treatment C. To reduce sperm production in male contraception D. To regulate blood sugar in type I diabetes
A. To restore sleep time by the use of melatonin
What is the role of NADH + H+ in aerobic cell respiration? A. To transfer hydrogen to the electron transport chain B. To reduce intermediates in the Krebs cycle C. To accept electrons from the electron transport chain D. To combine with oxygen to produce water
A. To transfer hydrogen to the electron transport chain
Which feature increases the absorption of glucose in the small intestine? A. Villi B. Lacteal C. Cilia D. Goblet cells
A. Villi
Which description matches the protein? A. collagen - most common structural protein in mammals B. rhodopsin - enzyme for carboxylation of RuBP C. insulin - raises blood glucose concentration D. immunoglobulins - extremely sensitive to light
A. collagen - most common structural protein in mammals
What are functions of the stomach, small intestine and large intestine? Stomach - Small intestine - Large intestine A. digest proteins - absorb glucose - absorb water B. digest starch - digest proteins - digest lipids C. digest proteins - assimilate glucose - excrete cellulose D. assimilate alcohol - digest starch - absorb water
A. digest proteins - absorb glucose - absorb water
Neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft from the presynaptic neuron and travel to a receptor on the postsynaptic neuron membrane. Which processes are required for this to happen? Release into synaptic cleft - Travel to postsynaptic neuron membrane A. exocytosis - diffusion B. active transport - diffusion C. exocytosis - active transport D. active transport - active transport
A. exocytosis - diffusion
Which of the following is a characteristic of type I but not type II diabetes? A. β cells in the pancreas are destroyed. B. Insulin injections are required. C. α cells in the pancreas are destroyed. D. Sugar intake control is required.
A. β cells in the pancreas are destroyed.
How many molecules of water are required to completely hydrolyse a polypeptide made up of 23 amino acids? A. 11 B. 22 C. 23 D. 44
B. 22
What is a plasmid? A. Circular DNA found exclusively in the nucleoid region of a prokaryote B. A circular piece of DNA that is separate from a prokaryote's chromosome C. A genetically engineered piece of DNA used for cloning tissues D. A piece of DNA used to insert new genes into the genome of animals
B. A circular piece of DNA that is separate from a prokaryote's chromosome
Which organism has DNA located in three organelles? A. A sponge B. A fern C. A flatworm D. A bacterium
B. A fern
Which process produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose? A. Anaerobic respiration in a yeast cell B. Aerobic respiration in a bacterial cell C. Glycolysis in a human liver cell D. The formation of lactic acid in a human muscle cell
B. Aerobic respiration in a bacterial cell
The Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) is a photosynthetic plant. It obtains nitrogen but not energy by digesting captured insects. Which term describes this plant? A. Secondary consumer B. Autotroph C. Primary consumer D. Saprotroph
B. Autotroph
Why is sweat a good coolant for the body? A. The arterioles that transfer water to sweat move closer to the skin surface when it is hot. B. Breaking H bonds between water molecules in sweat requires energy from body heat. C. Sweat contains minerals such as sodium chloride. D. Sweat is non-polar.
B. Breaking H bonds between water molecules in sweat requires energy from body heat.
What is a relationship between cell respiration and ventilation in humans? A. Ventilation is the same process as cell respiration. B. Cell respiration releases CO2 which is removed from the lungs during ventilation. C. Cell respiration uses O2 which is carried to cells by ventilation. D. When there is greater ventilation, there is less cell respiration
B. Cell respiration releases CO2 which is removed from the lungs during ventilation.
Which molecule regulates the fluidity of cell membranes? A. Phospholipid B. Cholesterol C. Glycoprotein D. Peripheral protein
B. Cholesterol
What is produced by somatic-cell nuclear transfer? A. Adult sheep B. Cloned embryos C. Rooted stem-cuttings D. Genetically modified food
B. Cloned embryos
What process forms triglycerides? A. Evaporation B. Condensation C. Hydrolysis D. Glycolysis
B. Condensation
Which of the following is an organic compound made by all plants? A. Carbon dioxide B. DNA C. Lactose D. Oxygen
B. DNA
Which features are present in prokaryotic cells? A. DNA, plasma membrane and mitochondria B. DNA, cell wall and pili C. ribosomes, chloroplasts and cell wall D. cytoplasm, ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum
B. DNA, cell wall and pili
Which term describes the phase of rapid entry of sodium ions (Na+) into an axon during an action potential? A. Active transport B. Depolarization C. Ion pumping D. Repolarization
B. Depolarization
At room temperature, water is a liquid and methane is a gas. Which molecular property explains this difference? A. Higher molecular mass of water B. Dipolarity of water C. Presence of more hydrogen in methane D. Higher boiling point of methane
B. Dipolarity of water
What is the main method of transport of monosaccharides such as fructose across the intestinal epithelium? A. Osmosis B. Facilitated diffusion C. Endocytosis D. Active transport
B. Facilitated diffusion
Which molecule is a monosaccharide? A. Maltose B. Fructose C. Starch D. Cellulose
B. Fructose
11. What are the effects of changing carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis? I. At low and moderate carbon dioxide concentrations, decreases cause the rate of photosynthesis to fall. II. At high carbon dioxide concentrations, increases do not alter the rate of photosynthesis. III. At high carbon dioxide concentrations, increases cause the rate of photosynthesis to fall. A. I only B. I and II only C. I and III only D. III only
B. I and II only
How can the rate of photosynthesis be measured? I. By the amount of oxygen II. By the increase in biomass III.By the amount of carbon dioxide produced A. I only B. I and II only C. I and III only D. I, II and III
B. I and II only
What can the extracellular matrix of cells be made of? I. Polysaccharide II. Glycoprotein III. Phospholipid A. I only B. I and II only C. II and III only D. I, II and III
B. I and II only
Which properties explain the ability of water to dissolve solutes? I. Polarity of water molecules II. High specific heat capacity of water III. Hydrogen bonding A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II and III
B. I and III only
Which of the following processes produces CO2? I. Glycolysis II. Alcohol (ethanol) fermentation III. Lactic acid production A. I only B. II only C. I and II only D. I, II and III
B. II only
What can be deduced about a striated muscle fibre from both of these statements? "A eukaryotic cell has one nucleus." "A striated muscle fibre has many nuclei." A. It is prokaryotic. B. It is an exception to cell theory. C. It consists of aseptate hyphae. D. It is preparing to divide.
B. It is an exception to cell theory.
Which hormone inhibits appetite? A. Epinephrine B. Leptin C. Thyroxin D. Glucagon
B. Leptin
Which structure found in eukaryotes has a single membrane? A. Nucleus B. Lysosome C. Chloroplast D. Mitochondrion
B. Lysosome
Which molecule can be hydrolyzed? A. Glycerol B. Maltose C. Fructose D. Galactose
B. Maltose
Which hormone controls circadian rhythms? A. Thyroxin B. Melatonin C. Leptin D. Glucagon
B. Melatonin
What structure within muscle tissue is surround by membrane and has multiple nuclei? A. Muscle bundle B. Muscle fibre C. Myofibril D. Sarcomere
B. Muscle fibre
Which statement describes the term species? A. Members of the same ecological community B. Organisms that reproduce together to produce fertile offspring C. Organisms of the same type in a population D. The first word in the binomial name of an organism
B. Organisms that reproduce together to produce fertile offspring
Between which atoms do hydrogen bonds form in water? A. Oxygen and hydrogen atoms in the same water molecule B. Oxygen and hydrogen atoms in different water molecules C. Hydrogen atoms in the same water molecule D. Oxygen atoms of different water molecules
B. Oxygen and hydrogen atoms in different water molecules
What is a function of the plant cell wall? A. Formation of vesicles for transport of large molecules B. Prevention of excessive water uptake C. Communication with other cells by means of glycoproteins D. Active transport of ions
B. Prevention of excessive water uptake
Which chemical is produced during both aerobic and anaerobic respiration in humans? A. Carbon dioxide B. Pyruvate C. Water D. Lactate
B. Pyruvate
In an experiment the effect of changing pH on an enzymatic reaction is tested. Which could be a dependent variable in this kind of experiment? A. Changing substrate concentration B. Rate of formation of product C. Variation in temperature D. Change in pH
B. Rate of formation of product
Which of these molecules is a disaccharide? A. Galactose B. Sucrose C. Cellulose D. Ribose
B. Sucrose
How can a change in pH stop an enzyme-catalysed reaction from occurring? A. Collisions between enzyme and substrate are prevented. B. The structure of the enzyme is altered. C. There is too much product produced. D. The active site is blocked by the substrate
B. The structure of the enzyme is altered.
Which property of water accounts for its moderating effects on the Earth's atmosphere? A. Cohesive B. Thermal C. Transparency D. Adhesive
B. Thermal
Which feature of striated muscle cells allows them to be considered as a possible exception to the cell theory? A. They are found in multicellular organisms. B. They contain more than one nucleus. C. They are specialized for movement. D. They do not carry out mitosis
B. They contain more than one nucleus.
How do cells in multicellular organisms differentiate? A. Some cell types divide by mitosis more often than others. B. They express some of their genes but not others. C. Some of their proteins denature but not others. D. Their DNA content changes with time.
B. They express some of their genes but not others.
What was an aim of genetic modification of organisms? A. To provide stem cells from embryos for medical use B. To make crop plants resistant to herbicides C. To provide sperm cells for in vitro fertilization (IVF) D. To produce genetically identical sheep
B. To make crop plants resistant to herbicides
What is light energy used for in photosynthesis? A. To absorb carbon dioxide. B. To split water molecules. C. To oxidize organic compounds. D. To make oxygen and hydrogen react.
B. To split water molecules.
Which structure directly absorbs nutrient molecules from the digestive tract? A. Esophagus B. Villus C. Liver D. Large intestine
B. Villus
Colonic irrigation involves regularly flushing the large intestine with water. Why should this practice be avoided? A. The large intestine absorbs water. B. Vitamin-producing bacteria are eliminated. C. It will stimulate the production of toxins. D. Undigested remains of food are removed.
B. Vitamin-producing bacteria are eliminated.
How is oxygen produced during photosynthesis? A. Water molecules are split with energy from ATP. B. Water molecules are split with energy from light. C. Carbon dioxide molecules are split with energy from ATP. D. Carbon dioxide molecules are split with energy from light
B. Water molecules are split with energy from light.
What distinguishes prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? Prokaryotic cells - Eukaryotic cells A. cell wall - plasma membrane B. cell structure not compartmentalized - cell structure compartmentalized C. smooth endoplasmic reticulum - rough endoplasmic reticulum D. no ribosomes - ribosomes present
B. cell structure not compartmentalized - cell structure compartmentalized
What is the correct site of anaerobic respiration in yeast and one of its end products? Site - End product A. cytoplasm - pyruvate B. cytoplasm - ethanol C. matrix - lactate D. matrix - carbon dioxide
B. cytoplasm - ethanol
A number of different proteins are involved in nerve function. Which of the following does not require a membrane protein? A. Active transport of sodium B. Diffusion of K+ into the cell C. Diffusion of the neurotransmitter across the synapse D. Binding of the neurotransmitter to the post-synaptic membrane
C. Diffusion of the neurotransmitter across the synapse
What is the passive movement of particles, such as sodium ions from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through a protein carrier? A. Diffusion B. Osmosis C. Facilitated diffusion D. Active transport
C. Facilitated diffusion
What is the energy absorbed by chlorophyll used directly for in plants? I. To produce ATP II. To split water III. To fix CO2 A. I only B. III only C. I and II only D. II and III only
C. I and II only
How can the activity of a human amylase enzyme be increased during a laboratory experiment? A. Adding sugar to the mixture B. Decreasing the pH from 7 to 3 C. Increasing the temperature from 20°C to 37°C D. Adding water to the mixture
C. Increasing the temperature from 20°C to 37°C
What is a characteristic of axons in motor neurons? A. When there is a resting potential, the outside of the axon is negative relative to the inside. B. During an action potential, Na+ ions diffuse out of the axon. C. K+ ions diffusing out of the axon repolarizes it. D. Impulses in the axon travel towards the cell body
C. K+ ions diffusing out of the axon repolarizes it.
Which is a disaccharide? A. Fructose B. Galactose C. Lactose D. Ribose
C. Lactose
What is a difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? A. Ribosomes are found only in prokaryotic cells. B. Cell walls are found only in eukaryotic cells. C. Mitochondria are found only in eukaryotic cells. D. Flagella are found only in prokaryotic cells
C. Mitochondria are found only in eukaryotic cells.
A fever in a normally healthy adult during an illness is not usually a problem and can be regarded as a defence mechanism. However, a fever higher than 41°C might be dangerous. What is the cause of the possible damage due to a high fever? A. Loss of body mass B. Muscle damage due to shivering C. Overactive metabolic enzymes D. Spread of infection
C. Overactive metabolic enzymes
During glycolysis a hexose sugar is broken down to two pyruvate molecules. What is the correct sequence of stages? A. Phosphorylation → oxidation → lysis B. Oxidation → phosphorylation → lysis C. Phosphorylation → lysis → oxidation D. Lysis → oxidation → phosphorylation
C. Phosphorylation → lysis → oxidation
To which group do sponges belong? A. Cnidaria B. Filicinophyta C. Porifera D. Mollusca
C. Porifera
What controls the flowering process in long-day plants? A. Pfr is converted by red light to Pr which acts as a promoter of flowering. B. Pr is converted by red light to Pfr which acts as an inhibitor of flowering. C. Pr is converted by red light to Pfr which acts as a promoter of flowering. D. Pfr is converted by red light to Pr which acts as an inhibitor of flowering.
C. Pr is converted by red light to Pfr which acts as a promoter of flowering.
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? A. Transport of lipids B. Synthesis of polypeptides C. Processing of proteins for secretion D. Generation of most of the cell's supply of ATP
C. Processing of proteins for secretion
Which reaction is an example of catabolism? A. Photolysis of water B. Denaturation of a protein by a change in pH C. Production of maltose from amylose by amylase D. Condensation of glucose to form starch
C. Production of maltose from amylose by amylase
Which substance in prokaryotes contains sulfur? A. DNA B. Phospholipids C. Proteins D. Antibiotics
C. Proteins
Where in the cell do condensation reactions involving amino acids occur? A. Nucleus B. Golgi apparatus C. Ribosomes D. Lysosome
C. Ribosomes
Pancreatic gland cells produce and secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes. Which organelles would you expect to be present in higher than normal amounts in such cells? A. Free ribosomes and Golgi apparatus B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus D. Free ribosomes and lysosomes
C. Rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
The diagram shows the human digestive system. Which organ is responsible for the majority of the absorption of digested food? A. Liver B. Stomach C. Small Intestine D. Large Intestine
C. Small Intestine
What is a plasmid? A. Chloroplast DNA B. Mitochondrial DNA C. Small circle of DNA that can transfer genes to or from a prokaryote D. The bacterial chromosome
C. Small circle of DNA that can transfer genes to or from a prokaryote
What are the main structures in a bulb and their function? A. Flowers for sexual reproduction B. Enlarged roots for nutrient absorption from the soil C. Swollen leaf bases for food storage D. Thickened stems for water storage
C. Swollen leaf bases for food storage
The cell membrane model proposed by Davson-Danielli was a phospholipid bilayer sandwiched between two layers of globular protein. Which evidence led to the acceptance of the Singer-Nicolson model? A. The orientation of the hydrophilic phospholipid heads towards the proteins B. The formation of a hydrophobic region on the surface of the membrane C. The placement of integral and peripheral proteins in the membrane D. The interactions due to amphipathic properties of phospholipids
C. The placement of integral and peripheral proteins in the membrane
What causes stomata to close? A. Increase in the turgor of the guard cells B. A high level of CO2 in the leaf tissues C. The presence of abscisic acid D. Movement of K+ into the guard cells
C. The presence of abscisic acid
What is light energy used for during photosynthesis? A. To produce carbon dioxide B. To produce water molecules C. To produce ATP D. To break down sugar molecules
C. To produce ATP
What is the function of proteins in passive transport? A. To serve as electron carriers in the membrane B. To interact with hormones to influence cell activity C. To serve as channels so that specific molecules diffuse across the membrane D. To release energy from ATP so that specific substances can cross the membrane
C. To serve as channels so that specific molecules diffuse across the membrane
How much energy is stored in 1 kg of body fat compared to 1 kg of glycogen? A. Half as much B. Same amount C. Twice as much D. One tenth as much
C. Twice as much
What would allow inhalation to occur during ventilation? Diaphragm External - intercostal muscle - Abdominal muscles A. contract - contract - contract B. relax - relax - relax C. contract - contract - relax D. relax - relax - contract
C. contract - contract - relax
What is the name and source of the hormone that regulates basal metabolic rate? A. ADH - kidneys B. melatonin - pineal gland C. thyroxin - thyroid gland D. glucagon - pancreas
C. thyroxin - thyroid gland
What does facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane require? A pore protein - ATP - A concentration gradient A. yes - no - no B. no - no - yes C. yes - no - yes D. no - yes - no
C. yes - no - yes
Which process causes ADP to change to ATP? A. Hydrolysis B. Protein synthesis C. DNA replication D. Anaerobic cell respiration
D. Anaerobic cell respiration
What process is blocked by neonicotinoid pesticides in insects? A. Transmission of the nerve impulse in the presynaptic B. Formation of the synaptic vesicles C. Release of the neurotransmitter D. Binding of neurotransmitters to postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors
D. Binding of neurotransmitters to postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors
A cell has cytoplasm, a cell wall, naked DNA and ribosomes. Based on this information, what type of cell could this be? A. A cell from a pine tree B. A grasshopper cell C. A human red blood cell D. A bacterium
D. A bacterium
What can limit a population from growing? A. An increase in natality B. A disease affecting predators C. A decrease in mortality D. A disease affecting the population
D. A disease affecting the population
What happens to starch in the small intestine? A. Endopeptidase secreted by the liver digests starch to enable absorption by the villi. B. Contraction of intestinal muscle mixes starch with enzymes to accelerate its conversion into amylose. C. Glycogen secreted by the pancreas hydrolyses starch into glucose, which is eventually transported to the liver. D. Amylase secreted by the pancreas digests starch to enable absorption by the villi.
D. Amylase secreted by the pancreas digests starch to enable absorption by the villi.
A polymer of alpha-D-glucose found in plants has mostly 1,4 linkages and some 1,6 linkages. Which molecule fits this description? A. Glycogen B. Cellulose C. Amylose D. Amylopectin
D. Amylopectin
How does the inhalation phase of ventilation occur? A. Diaphragm relaxes, external intercostal muscles relax B. Diaphragm relaxes, external intercostal muscles contract C. Diaphragm contracts, external intercostal muscles relax D. Diaphragm contracts, external intercostal muscles contract
D. Diaphragm contracts, external intercostal muscles contract
Though a single nerve cell does not think, millions of them organized as a brain result in thinking. What kind of property does thinking represent? A. Anatomical B. Adaptive C. Extracellular D. Emergent
D. Emergent
Where do motor neurons conduct impulses from and to? A. From effectors to the central nervous system. B. From receptors to the central nervous system. C. From neurons to other neurons. D. From the central nervous system to effectors.
D. From the central nervous system to effectors.
Which substances are made during photosynthesis and store energy that can be used by cells? A. Carbon dioxide and glucose B. ATP and water C. Water and glucose D. Glucose and ATP
D. Glucose and ATP
Which always contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen? I. Carbohydrate II. Protein III. Fat A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II and III
D. I, II and III
Which is/are involved in the control of heart rate? I. Heart pacemaker II. Hormone secretion III. Nerves A. I only B. III only C. I and II only D. I, II and III
D. I, II and III
Which of the following are controlled by homeostasis? I. Blood pH II. Water balance III. Blood glucose concentration A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II and III
D. I, II and III
How does the structure of the villus facilitate absorption? A. The membrane structure allows macromolecules to diffuse through B. The lacteal facilitates movement of proteins into blood C. It has a shape that provides high surface area to facilitate production of enzymes D. It has capillaries close to its surface to reduce the distance for diffusion
D. It has capillaries close to its surface to reduce the distance for diffusion
Which statement describes glycogen? A. It is a hormone involved in the control of blood glucose. B. It is a component of the cell wall in plants. C. It is a monosaccharide converted to pyruvate during cell respiration. D. It is a polysaccharide found in animals.
D. It is a polysaccharide found in animals.
What structures in the small intestine transport most fats? A. Collecting ducts B. Capillaries C. Veins D. Lacteals
D. Lacteals
Which of the following structures are found in all cells? A. Mitochondria B. Cell walls C. Chloroplasts D. Ribosomes
D. Ribosomes
What characterizes type I diabetes? A. It can be controlled by diet alone. B. Risk factors such as obesity increase its frequency. C. The alpha cells of the pancreas are destroyed, usually during adulthood. D. The beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed, usually during childhood
D. The beta cells of the pancreas are destroyed, usually during childhood
The salt concentration inside an animal cell is 1.8%. The salt concentration in the surrounding medium becomes 5%. What will be the likely response? A. The cell will gain water from the medium. B. The cell will lose salt to the medium. C. The cell will remain unchanged. D. The cell will shrink from loss of water
D. The cell will shrink from loss of water
What causes cell differentiation in multicellular organisms? A. Each cell having different genes. B. The expression of certain genes but not others. C. The recognition by antibodies of some cells but not others. D. The cellular recognition of a specific function.
D. The cellular recognition of a specific function.
Why do crop plants dry out when a field is irrigated with water contaminated by sea water? A. The plants lose water by active transport. B. The plants gain salt by osmosis. C. The plants gain salt by diffusion. D. The plants lose water by osmosis.
D. The plants lose water by osmosis.
Which best describes the tertiary structure of a protein? A. The interaction of polypeptide subunits and prosthetic groups B. Interactions forming hydrogen bonds between the amino acids C. The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain D. The structure formed from interactions between the amino acid side groups
D. The structure formed from interactions between the amino acid side groups
Which is an effect of protein denaturation? A. The order of amino acids is changed when the protein overheats. B. The bonds between amino acids are broken by condensation. C. Parts of the protein become linked together by hydrolysis. D. The three-dimensional structure of the protein is altered.
D. The three-dimensional structure of the protein is altered.
What happens when human body temperature rises during exercise? A. The arterioles move closer to the skin. B. The hypothalamus decreases cell respiration. C. The skin capillaries close D. The water from sweat evaporates to cool the body
D. The water from sweat evaporates to cool the body
Which property makes stem cells suitable for therapeutic use? A. They can divide by meiosis to form gametes. B. They contain chemicals that can kill bacteria. C. Their chromosomes are suitable for gene transfer and cloning. D. They can differentiate into specialized cells.
D. They can differentiate into specialized cells.
How do cells capture the energy released by cell respiration? A. They store it in molecules of carbon dioxide. B. They produce glucose. C. The energy is released as pyruvate. D. They produce ATP
D. They produce ATP
Why do multicellular organisms have emergent properties? A. They have more genes than unicellular organisms. B. Properties of unicellular organisms are enhanced by having many cells. C. All of their genes are expressed whereas unicellular organisms express only some. D. They show properties that can only result from the interaction of many cells
D. They show properties that can only result from the interaction of many cells
What role does the medulla of the brain have in controlling heart rate? A. To secrete adrenaline to speed up the heart. B. To stimulate myogenic heart muscle contraction. C. To block pacemaker activity. D. To adjust heart rate to changing blood pressure.
D. To adjust heart rate to changing blood pressure.
What is an important function of the lacteal in the villus? A. Secretion of mucus B. Secretion of enzymes C. Transport of glucose D. Transport of fats
D. Transport of fats
Which pair of molecules are products of aerobic and anaerobic cell respiration in some organisms? Aerobic cell respiration - Anaerobic cell respiration A. oxygen - pyruvate B. lactate - adenosine triphosphate C. carbon dioxide - glucose D. adenosine triphosphate - carbon dioxide
D. adenosine triphosphate - carbon dioxide
Which hormone is matched with its site of production and its role? A. thyroxin - thyroid gland - decreases metabolic rate B. glucagon - pancreatic β cells - increases glycogen in liver C. leptin - adipose cells - increases sensation of hunger D. melatonin - pineal cells - controls biological clocks
D. melatonin - pineal cells - controls biological clocks
What are the most frequently occurring elements in living organisms? A. calcium, phosphorus, iron and sodium B. calcium, sodium, nitrogen and phosphorus C. carbon, phosphorus, oxygen and nitrogen D. nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
D. nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen
Which is correct for the non-competitive inhibition of enzymes? Inhibitor resembles substrate - Inhibitor binds to active site A. yes - yes B. yes - no C. no - yes D. no - no
D. no - no
What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells? Prokaryotic cells - Eukaryotic cells A. no plasma membrane - plasma membrane B. 80S ribosomes - 70S ribosomes C. Golgi apparatus - mitochondria D. no internal membrane compartments - internal membrane compartments
D. no internal membrane compartments - internal membrane compartments
When compared to other body cells, which characteristic of stem cells is the most important for therapeutic uses? A. Less differentiation B. Less excretion C. Lower rate of reproduction D. Lower rate of metabolism
Less differentiation
In the pancreas, ________ secrete glucagon, which ________ blood glucose levels.
α cells, raises