Biology Respiration Unit Test
How many calories are in a kilocalorie?
- 1 kilocalorie = 1,000 calories
If a food contains 12 kilocalories of energy, how much could it increase the temperature of 100 grams of water?
- 12 kilocalories = 12,000 calories - 12,000 / 100 = 120° Celsius
How many pyruvates are formed per glucose?
- 2
How many membranes are found in a mitochondrion?
- 4
What is the balanced equation for photosynthesis?
- 6 CO2 + 6 H2O = C6H12O6 + 6 O2 - Six Carbon Dioxide + Six Water = One Glucose + Six Oxygen
The energy of hydrogen ions moving across the inner mitochondrial membrane is used to produce...
- ATP
What energy rich molecule is produced in respiration to be used in other cellular work?
- ATP
What are the parts of ATP?
- Adenine - Ribose (sugar) - Three phosphate groups
What is cellular metabolism?
- All the chemical reactions taking place in a cell at any given time
In one sentence, summarize the process of cellular respiration.
- Cellular respiration breaks down glucose to form energy rich ATP
What are the 3 types of cellular work? List an example of each.
- Chemical Work: building large molecules, such as proteins - Mechanical Work: contraction of muscles - Transport Work: pumping solutions across a membrane
What is the role of ATP synthase?
- Convert ADP to ATP
Explain the process of the electron transport chain and ATP Synthase
- Electrons move through proteins causing the proteins to pump hydrogen ions across the inner membrane. The hydrogen ions then flow back across the membrane through ATP Synthase, making ATP
What happens when a phosphate group is removed from ATP?
- Energy is released
What is a calorie?
- Energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius
What is kinetic energy?
- Energy something posses by being in motion
Is respiration endergonic or exergonic?
- Exergonic because it releases energy
What is the mitochondrial matrix?
- Fluid contained inside mitochondria
What are the alveoli? What function do they serve?
- Gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place here
What is the sequence of stages in cellular respiration?
- Glycolysis - Krebs Cycle - Electron Transport Chain
Which stages of respiration do not involve oxygen?
- Glycolysis and Krebs cycle
Which stages of respiration involves the rearranging of atoms to form different compounds?
- Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle
In one sentence, summarize the process of glycolysis.
- Glycolysis breaks down glucose forming pyruvate and releasing NADH and ATP
Which process produces energy for anaerobic organisms?
- Glycosis
What happens as electrons move down the electron transport chain?
- Hydrogen ions are passed across the membrane
What molecule is the initial input into the Krebs cycle? What are the products of the Krebs cycle?
- Input: Acetyl CoA - Products: NADH, FADH2, CO2 and ATP
How does exercise affect respiration?
- It makes the process of cellular respiration go faster, so you need to breathe harder to keep up
What is the epiglottis? What function does it serve?
- Leaf-shaped flap of cartilage located behind the tongue - Seal off the windpipe during eating, so that food is not accidentally inhaled
What organelle acts as the site of aerobic respiration?
- Mitochondria
What high potential energy molecules are produced in the Krebs cycle?
- NADH, FADH2, ATP
What is the definition of a heterotroph?
- Organisms that cannot produce their own food
What is the definition of an autotroph?
- Organisms that make their own food
The presence/absence of what molecule separates cellular respiration and fermentation?
- Oxygen
What is the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain?
- Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor
What does aerobic mean?
- Oxygen present
What molecule forms as a result of glycolysis? (This molecule goes on to either fermentation or the Krebs cycle)
- Pyruvate
What is reduction? What is oxidation?
- Reduction is a gain in electrons - Oxidation is a loss of electrons
What does glycolysis mean?
- Splitting sugar
What is potential energy?
- Stored energy as a result of position
What is the ultimate source of energy for Earth?
- Sunlighg
What are cristae?
- The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane
How are respiration and photosynthesis related?
- The products of photosynthesis (glucose and oxygen) and the reactants of cellular respiration and the products of cellular respiration (carbon dioxide, water and energy) are the reactants of photosynthesis - (They are essentially the reverse of each other)
What are lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation?
- Two forms of anaerobic respiration
What is the function of the nasal chamber?
- Warm, moisturize, and filter air entering the body before it reaches the lungs
What is formed when oxygen accepts electrons at the end of the electron transport chain?
- Water
What happens to the ADP formed when ATP is used?
-ADP gains a phosphate group to become ATP
What are the two types of fermentation? What are the products of these two processes?
-Alcoholic fermentation: Ethyl alcohol and CO2 -Lactate Fermentation: Lactic acid
Where does glycolysis occur?
-Cytoplasm (outside the mitochondria)
What are the 3 main stages of cellular respiration?
-Glycolysis -Krebs Cycle -Electron Transport
What stage follows glycolysis in aerobic respiration?
-Krebs cycle
