biology semester 1
Do the chemicals that digest nutrients in the stomach work in an acidic or basic environment? Explain.
...
which has the chemical formula of a molecule that has the structural formula O----C-----O
CO2
explain how the variety of organic compounds would be different if carbon had seven electrons in its outermost energy level instead of four.
Carbon would not be as eager to get more electrons with 7 in its outermost energy level because it is almost stable.
produces a greatly magnified image of internal detail
TEM
what is the pH scale, and what does its range values mean?
The pH scale was created by scientists to compare hydronium ions and hydroxide. The scale compares the concentration of both. The scale ranges from 0-14. 0 to 7 is an acid and 7 to 14 is a base. Seven is neutral on the scale.
true/false Elements tend to undergo chemical reactions that decrease their stability.
false
true/false Exergonic reactions involve a net absorption of energy.
false
true/false Free hydrogen ions can react with water molecules and form a positively charged with ion, the hydrogen ion.
false
true/false Functional groups are groups of carbon compounds that give specific properties to these compounds.
false
true/false In comparison to other liquids, water cools down very quickly.
false
true/false Isomers have identical structural formulas.
false
true/false Organic compounds are derived from nonliving things.
false
true/false Temperature fluctuations in the cell are minimized as a result of the adhesive property of water.
false
true/false The burning of paper is an endergonic reaction.
false
true/false The linkage of an enzyme to its substrate probably strengthens the chemical bonds of the substrate.
false
true/false The pull of gravity on an object gives the object the property of mass.
false
true/false activation energy is the energy released during a chemical reaction.
false
true/false buffers can neutralize acids, but they do not affect bases.
false
true/false most elements are stable if their outermost energy level contains an even number of electrons.
false
true/false the atomic number of carbon is 6, so it must have 12 electrons.
false
true/false the central core of the atom is called the proton.
false
true/false the hydrocarbon end of a fatty acid molecule is hydrophilic.
false
true/false the number of protons in an atom's nucleus is the mass number.
false
true/false when an enzyme binds with its substrate, the activation energy needed for the chemical reaction to occur is raised.
false
true/fasle scientists have identified all species of organisms on earth.
false
when two carbohydrates monomers join, a dipeptide results.
false
ability to cause change or do work:
free energy
in most multicellular organisms, cells and groups of cells are organized by their:
function
which of the following is a heterotroph? a)pine tree b)grass c) tulip d)fungus
fungus
the state of matter in which particles move most rapidly:
gas
the highest level of organization within the organism is the:
organ system
carbon-containing compounds are classified as:
organic
constructing a graph is an example of:
organizing data
in multicellular organisms, tissues are organized into:
organs
loss of an electron
oxidation
loss of electrons from a molecule is called:
oxidation
a carbohydrate consists solely of atoms of hydrogen,carbon,and:
oxygen
true/false when pure water dissociates, it contains an equal number of hydroxide ions and hydronium ions
true
true/false without enzymes, chemical reactions necessary for life would not occur at a rate sufficient to sustain life.
true
triglycerides that are liquid at room temperature are called:
unsaturated
one limitation of the scanning electron microscope is that it cannot be used to:
view living specimens
an example of a compound is:
water
liquid in an aqueous solution:
water
most common solvent in cells:
water
the study of life is called
biology
photosynthesis is the process by which plants capture the energy of the:
sun
list the six major characteristics of living things
1. homeostasis 2. growth 3. energy use 4. reproduction 5. cells 6. organization
a microscope with a 10x ocular lens and a 25x objective lens that has a total magnification power of:
250x
the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms in a carbohydrate is:
2:1
the atomic number of carbon is 6. Therefore, the number of protons in carbon is:
6
The maximum number of electrons that can be held in an atom's second energy level.
8
define scientific sampling and list the two conditions for it to be most accurate
A sample is a small part used to represent an entire population. For the sample to be accurate, you must have a large,random selection.
what are the relative number of H3O and OH ions in an acidic, an alkaline,and a neutral solution?
Acidic has more H3O ions than OH. Alkaline has more OH and H3O. Neutral has equal number of H3O and OH ions.
all organic compounds contain the element:
C
when water dissociates, it forms:
H ions and OH ions
a female frog has a genetic trait that prevents it from producing eggs. How likely is that this trait will spread through the frog population?Explain.
It is very unlikely the female frog's genetic trait will be spread through the frog population because it is not hereditary to the frog population. However, the trait will be passed through the female frog's family.
What is the difference between magnification and resolution of a microscope?
Magnification is making the image larger and resolution is making the image clearer.
what is the difference between mass and weight?
Mass is the quantity of matter an object has, while weight is the pull of gravity on an object.
Define: Natural Selection
Natural selection is when the females choose males that have more favorable traits, who are more likely to survive.
The atomic number of neon is 10. Will neon tend to form bonds with other elements? Explain.
No, neon will not tend to form bonds with either elements because it is already stable.
What are quantitative data? Give two examples of quantitative data.
Quantitative data is data that is always represented by a number. One example would be to contract a survey at how many people like cheese pizza then you would have a number as your data. Another example would be two people racing and you use their times as data.
produces greatly magnified images of surface details
SEM
Describe the structure of a water molecule, and explain how the electrical charge is distributed over the molecule.
There are 3 atoms. There is one negative oxygen atom and 2 hydrogen atoms with a positive charge.
A group of scientists wants to determine whether the bacteria they are studying have viruses inside them. Which type of microscope should they use? Explain
They should use a TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope) because it produces a greatly magnified image of internal detail.
Toads that live in hot,dry regions bury themselves in the soil during the day. How might this be important to the toad? Explain
This is important to the toad because the soil is cool so burying themselves in soil keeps them from overheating.
true/false Bases tend to have a sour taste, while acids tend to have a bitter taste.
false
long fatty acid chains joined to long alcohol chains form the type of lipid called:
a wax
which organic molecules below is most closely related to proteins? a)amino acids b)CH2 chains c)nucleotides d)sugars
a)amino acids
nonliving things grow by:
accumulating more of the material they are made of.
what are aqueous solutions containing a high concentration of hydronium ions called?
acids
term for energy required to begin a reaction:
activation energy
attractive force between unliked particles
adhesion
the attraction between water molecules and molecules of solid surfaces is known as:
adhesion
a solution with a pH above 7 is:
alkaline
biology is the study of:
all living things
monomer of proteins
amino acid
a polypeptide is formed from the bonding of three or more:
amino acids
list two characteristics of acids and two characteristics of bases.
an acid ranges from 0 to 7 on a pH scale and has a sour taste. a base ranges from 7-14 on a pH scale and has a bitter taste.
describe how an enzyme can function in speeding up a chemical reaction within a cell.
an enzyme reduces activation energy and in return speeding up a chemical reaction.
most enzymes:
are sensitive to changes in temperature or pH
simplest part of an element
atom
Explain why atoms made up of charged particles have electrical charges of zero.
atoms made up of charged particles has an electrical charge of zero because there are the same number of protons and electrons, therefore cancelling each other out leaving the atom with a charge of zero.
an organisms that makes its own food
autotroph
organisms that acquire energy by making their own food are called:
autotrophic
all of the following are examples of carbohydrates except: a)sugar b)cellulose c)steroids d)glycogen
b)cellulose
which of the following describes what an adaption is? a)piece of DNA b)favorable trait c) complex response d) group of organisms
b)favorable trait
which of the following is not an organic marcomolecule? a)carbohydrate b)ice c)lipid d)nucleic acid
b)ice
every chemical reaction involves a: a)change in the state of matter in the reactants b)transfer of energy from one form to another c)net release of free energy d)transfer of electrons between atoms
b)transfer of energy from one form to another
of the following steps in a scientific investigation, the last to be done is usually: a)experimenting b)observing c)producing a model d)hypothesizing
c)producing a model
of the following elements, the one that is most likely to form ionic bonds is: a)hydrogen b)carbon c)sodium d)oxygen
c)sodium
a hypothesis is a statement that:
can be tested
the ability of water to spread through find pores is known as:
capillarity
Polysaccharides are:
carbohydrates
the smallest particle of matter that can retain the chemical properties of carbon is a(n):
carbon atom
arrange the following in size, from the smallest to the largest: polymer, carbon atom, monomer, macromolecule
carbon atom monomer polymer macromolecule
the orderly formation of new cells from a parent cell:
cell division
the polysaccharide that strengthens plant cells is called:
cellulose
Explain why water tends to form large, round drops as it falls down from a faucet with a slow leak.
cohesion
attraction force between like particles
cohesion
the attraction and bonding of water molecules with one another is called:
cohesion
the phenomenon by which water molecules bond with one another is called:
cohesion
pure substance composed of two or more elements
compound
a measurement of the amount of solute dissolved in a fixed amount of solution is called:
concentration
the formation of polymers from monomers occurs as the result of:
condensation
forms large molecules from smaller ones
condensation reaction
an experiment in which two groups differ by only one factor is called:
controlled
the bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons is called a:
covalent bond
which of the following is the fundamental unit matter? a) molecule b)neutron c)element d)atom
d)atom
which of the following steps in the scientific investigation is usually taken first? a)experimenting b)communicating c)analyzing d)hypothesizing
d)hypothesizing
which of the following is a carbohydrate? a)DNA b)insulin c)wax d)sucrose
d)sucrose
which organic molecule below is classified as a carbohydrate? a)amino acids b)CH2 chains c)nucleotides d)sugars
d)sugars
the process by which an adult organism arises is called:
development
as the cells in a multicellular organism multiply, they become different from each other,called:
differentiation
science that studies the interaction of organisms and their environment:
ecology
the study of the interactions of organisms with one another and with the environment is called:
ecology
a substance that is composed of only one type of atom is called a(n):
element
pure substances that cannot be broken down
element
absorbs free energy
endergonic reaction
to maintain their internal organization, all living things must have a constant supply of:
energy
proteins that act as catalysts are called:
enzymes
reduce activation energy is needed:
enzymes
a theory that species change over time is called:
evolution
releases free energy
exergonic reaction
true/false A light microscope has greater magnification and resolving powers than an electron microscope.
false
true/false In a scientific investigation, experimenting generally precedes the steps of hypothesizing and predicting.
false
true/false Many nonliving things display greater organization than to the structures found in living things.
false
true/false enzymes speed up a chemical reaction by increasing the activation energy of the reaction.
false
true/false An atom's mass number and atomic number are the same.
false
a short segment of DNA that contains instructions for an organism's traits is known as a:
gene
monomer of many polysaccharides
glucose
animals store glucose-containing fragments in the form of:
glycogen
atoms that have gained energy:
have electrons that move to higher energy levels
an organism that must take in food
heterotroph
the stable internal environment maintained by living things is called:
homeostasis
a lipid is composed of the elements carbon, oxygen,:
hydrogen
breaks large molecules into smaller ones
hydrolysis
the breakdown of polymers into monomers occurs as the result of:
hydrolysis
the formation of ADP and inorganic molecules from ATP and water is an example of:
hydrolysis
one of the two ions that form when water dissociates:
hydronium
a statement that explains observations and can be tested is called a(n):
hypothesis
compounds that are derived from nonliving things are called:
inorganic
the hormone that regulates the body's amount of blood sugar is called:
insulin
Reduction- Oxidation reactions:
involve a transfer of electrons between atoms
what an atom with an electrical charge is called:
ion
what type of bond is based on the electrical attraction between oppositely charged particles?
ionic
a field biologist who studies the behavior of birds in a rain forest most likely collects data through:
observing
the SI prefix that represents 1,000 times the base unit is:
kilo
Arrange the following parts in the order that matches the light path through a light microscope: specimen,ocular lens,objective lens, body tube,light source
light source objective lens body tube specimen ocular lens
in an electron microscope, an electron beam is focused by:
magnets
increase of an object's apparent size
magnification
what is anything that has mass and occupies space?
matter
sum of all chemical processes of an organism
metabolism
the sum of all the chemical processes that occur in an organism is called:
metabolism
the base unit for length in the Systeme International d'Unites is the:
meter
a visual,verbal,or mathematical explanation that is supported by date is called a(n);
model
particle composed of one or more atoms
molecule
each unit of a polymer is called:
monomer
organism that are composed of more than one cell are called:
multicellular
the most important driving force in evolution is:
natural selection
the side of the water molecule containing oxygen has a charge that is slightly:
negative
nonpolar molecules have:
no negative or positive poles
which of the following characteristics of water is not a result of hydrogen bonding. a)adhesion b)capillarity c)cohesion d)non of the above
none of the above
Lipids are:
nonpolar molecules
monomer of nucleic acids
nucleotide
the lens closest to the specimen on a light microscope is called:
objective lens
the scientific process that involves using the five senses is:
observation
molecules that are attracted to water are said to be:
polar
a molecule that has a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other is a:
polar molecule
water is very effective at dissolving polar substances because of its:
polarity
compounds consisting of repeated linked units are known as:
polymers
stating in advance the result that may be obtained from testing a hypothesis is called:
prediction
the skin of animals is made primarily of:
protein
long chains of amino acids are found in:
proteins
muscles are made up of mostly of:
proteins
gain of an electron
reduction
data that are quantitative are always:
represented by numbers
production if offspring
reproduction
capability of showing clear details
resolution
the ability of a microscope to show details more clearly is called:
resolution
a small part used to represent en entire population is called a:
sample
term for a solution in which no additional solid will dissolve:
saturated
the SI base unit for time is the:
second
the combining of genetic information from two individuals to produce offspring is called:
sexual reproduction
the type of reproduction involving egg and sperm:
sexual reproduction
the first living organism on earth was probably a:
single cell
of the following elements, the one that is most likely to form ionic bonds is:
sodium
which state of matter contains particles that are tightly linked together in a definite shape
solid
a substance dissolved in a solution is called a:
solute
substance that dissolves in another:
solute
the concentration of a solution is the measurement of the amount of:
solute dissolved in a solution
homeostasis refer to the:
stable internal conditions
plants store glucose in the form of a polysaccharide called:
starch
C6H12O6 is an example of a molecular formula for a:
sugar
water is important to life because it:
surrounds all cells is found inside cells influences the shape of a cell membrane
common name for the compound Na and Cl
table salt
the different shapes and functions of different proteins is determined by:
the R groups of the amino acids they contain
contrast the reproduction of bacteria with that of leopard frogs
the reproduction of bacteria is asexual. That means the bacteria reproduces by having one cell that splits into many cells. The reproduction of leopard frogs is sexual. That means they reproduce when an egg and sperm com together to form one cell.
in chemical reactions, the number of each kind of atom in the reactants is:
the same as in the products
describe the relationship between the solute, solvent, and concentration of the solution
the solute gets dissolved in the solvent, and the concentration is the measurement of the solute dissolved in the solution.
a broad and comprehensive statement of what is believed to be true is a(n)
theory
Deoxyribonucleic acid contains the chemical code for:
traits
true/false Growth in living things occurs by cell division and cell enlargement.
true
true/false The monomers of DNA molecule are nucleotides.
true
true/false because water is a polar molecule, it tends to cause ionic compounds mixed in water to dissociate into ions.
true
true/false A large polymer is called a macromolecule.
true
true/false A nucleotide contains a five-carbon sugar.
true
true/false A solution with a pH of 1 is very acidic.
true
true/false An atom's number of protons is its atomic number.
true
true/false Atoms in a gas move more rapidly than atoms in a liquid or a solid do.
true
true/false Capillarity is apparent when the water level in a straw is higher than the level in the surrounding container.
true
true/false Enzymes are reused by the cell.
true
true/false Organic compounds are substances produced and found in living things.
true
true/false Plasma is an aqueous solution that contains dissolved nutrients and gases.
true
true/false RNA is a nucleic acid.
true
true/false Sodium chloride is an example of a compound formed by ionic bonding.
true
true/false The bonding of water molecules with one another is called cohesion.
true
true/false Water and carbon compounds are essential to living things.
true
true/false a compound consists of atoms of two or more elements joined by chemical bonds.
true
true/false an ion can have either a positive or negative charge.
true
true/false covalent bonds form where two atoms share one or more pair of electrons
true
true/false elements cannot ordinarily be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter.
true
true/false energy can be converted from one form to another.
true
true/false in a compound, atoms may gain different physical properties than they originally had.
true
true/false particles of a liquid have greater kinetic energy than particles of a solid.
true
true/false steroids are found in both plants and animals.
true
true/false the amount of energy needed to cause a chemical reaction to start is called activation energy.
true
true/false the chemical breakdown of sugar in a cell is done in a series of chemical reactions
true
true/false the chemical breakdown of sugar in a cell is done in a series of chemical reactions.
true