BIOLOGY SEMESTER EXAM REVIEW #2

When Streptococcus pneumoniae are exposed to an antibiotic, the bacteria try to pump the antibiotic out of their cells. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely used by the Streptococcus pneumoniae to pump the antibiotic out of their cells? A. active transport B. diffusion C. facilitated diffusion D. osmosis

A. active transport

Which of the following contain complex, membrane-bound organelles? 1. bacteria 2. viruses 3. eukaryotic 4. prokaryotic A. 1 and 2 B. 2 and 4 C. 3 only D. 4 only

C. 3 only

(LOOK AT THE DATA ABOVE THIS CARD) What is the independent variable in this experiment? A. Solution A, B & C. B. Solution D only C. The eggs D. Mass

C. The eggs

A research group has discovered that damselflies, a type of dragonfly, are being infected by a particular type of aquatic protozoan. Both young and adult damselflies are not directly infected by the protozoan but contract the infection from the prey they eat. The graph shows the percentage of adult damselflies infected by protozoans during the summer and early fall. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the graph? A. Infection in embanked ponds increased during the sampling period. B. Protozoans were more common in creek-fed ponds than embanked ponds. C. Protozoans reproduce more quickly in embanked ponds than creek-fed ponds. D. Infection in creed-fed ponds remained constant throughout the sampling period.

A. Infection in embanked ponds increased during the sampling period.

Small insects can walk across the surface of calm water. Their feet push the surface of the water down slightly, somewhat like a person walking across a trampoline, but they do not break the surface. What is the best explanation for why this happens? A. The insects are light enough so that they do not break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together B. The insects actually use their wings to hover slightly above the water's surface and they only skim it with their feet C. The insects' feet are non-polar, so they are repelled by the polar water molecules and are pushed away from the water's surface D. The insects are small enough to see the individual water molecules, so they are able to step carefully from one molecule to the next

A. The insects are light enough so that they do not break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together

Carrot sticks that are left in a dish of freshwater for several hours become stiff and hard. Similar sticks left in a saltwater solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that the freshwater is ______ and the saltwater is ________ to the cells of the carrot sticks. A. hypotonic, hypertonic B. hypotonic, hypotonic C. hypertonic, hypertonic D. hypertonic, hypertonic

A. hypotonic, hypertonic

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a cell structure that consists of folded membranes that contain ribosomes. What is the advantage of the folded membranes? A. increases surface area in order to produce more proteins B. decreases surface area in order to produce more proteins C. increases volume of the edoplasmic reticulum in order to produce more energy D. decreases volume of the endoplasmic reticulum in order to make more energy

A. increases surface area in order to produce more proteins

Using a microscope in the science lab, Jill observed two unknown cell: Cell 1 and Cell 2. Cell 1 she identified as a plant cell and Cell 2 as an animal cell. Her teacher told her she identified the cells correctly. What did Jill most likely observe to correctly identify the cells? A. Cell 2 had a cell membrane and Cell 1 did not. B. Cell 1 had a cell wall and Cell 2 did not. C. Cell 2 had a chloroplast and Cell 1 did not. D. Cell 1 had a nucleus and Cell 2 did not.

B. Cell 1 had a cell wall and Cell 2 did not.

In pure water, a red blood cell from an animal will swell and burst, but a leaf cell from a plant will not. Which structure in the leaf cell is responsible for this difference? A. cell membrane B. cell wall C. mitochondrion D. nucleus

B. cell wall

Look at the cell membrane model below: What is the name of the macromolecule that makes up the majority of the cell membrane? A. nucleotide B. lipid C. carbohydrate D. protein

B. lipid

Water has a much higher specific heat than most other covalent compounds. What do you predict might happen if water had a low specific heat instead? A. Flooding would occur and animals would be forced to migrate B. Harmful organisms living in water would reproduce at a rapid rate C. Organisms that are sensitive to changes in temperature would die D. Plants would not have enough water to effectively carry out photosynthesis

C. Organisms that are sensitive to changes in temperature would die

If a cell's lysosomes were damaged, which of the following would most likely occur? A. The cell would produce more proteins than it needs. B. The cell would have chloroplasts that appear yellow rather than green. C. The cell would be less able to break down molecules in its cytoplasm. D. The cell would be less able to regulate the amount of fluid in its cytoplasm.

C. The cell would be less able to break down molecules in its cytoplasm.

A beaker is divided into two halves, A & B, by a membrane that is freely permeable to the water and NaCl but not to protein. Side A is half-filled with a solution of 8% protein, while side B is half filled with a 2% protein solution. Predict what would happen to side A after a few hours. A. The number of protein molecules has increased. B. The number of water molecules has decreased. C. The number of water molecules has increased. D. The percentage of water has decreased.

C. The number of water molecules has increased.

An osmosis investigation was conducted using chicken eggs to represent cells with semi permeable membranes. The mass of each egg was measured to determine how much water diffused into or out of the eggs. The eggs were first soaked in vinegar to dissolve the shell. Each egg was then placed in one of three different solutions for 24 hours. The table below shows the results of the investigation.Based on this experiment, which of the following should be inferred about cells with semi permeable membranes? A. Substances other than water may also cross the cell membrane. B. Substances other than water may block pores in the cell membrane. C. Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentration. D. Water leaves the cell when placed in environments with a low concentration of solutes

C. Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentration.

Which of the following functions does active transport perform in a cell? A. packaging proteins for export from the cell B. distributing enzymes throughout the cytoplasm C. moving substances against a concentration gradient D. equalizing the concentration of water inside and outside the cell

C. moving substances against a concentration gradient

A specific type of cell is being studied by a scientist. She notices the cell contains a nucleus, lysosomes, a cell membrane and cell wall. What is the correct classification of this cell? A. A prokaryotic animal cell B. A prokaryotic plant cell C. A eukaryotic animal cell D. A eukaryotic plant cell

D. A eukaryotic plant cell

A lab technician needs to determine whether cells in a test tube are prokaryotic or eukaryotic. The technician has several dyes she could use to stain the cells. Four of the dyes are described in the table below: Which dye could the technician use to determine whether the cells are prokaryotic or eukaryotic? A. acridine orange B. osmium tetraoxide C. eosin D. Nile blue

D. Nile blue

A Team of biology students performed an experiment to test the effects of four different solutions on a de-shelled, raw chicken egg. Each raw, unbroken chicken egg of the same size was placed in each of four different solutions. Twenty-four hours later the following results we obtained.Using the data table above and your knowledge about the process of science, which solution would represent the control in this experiment? A. Solution A B. Solution B C. Solution C D. Solution D

D. Solution D

What is the advantage of cells being so small? A. Small cells contain a greater quantity of enzymes than large cells. B. Small cells do not require energy and get everything they need from osmosis. C. The cell has a smaller surface area to volume ratio which means it can move nutrients into the cell and waste out more efficiently. D. The cell then has a larger surface area to volume ratio which means it can move nutrients into the cell and waste out more efficiently

D. The cell then has a larger surface area to volume ratio which means it can move nutrients into the cell and waste out more efficiently

In an emergency trauma room, a doctor accidentally gives a patient a large transfusion of distilled water directly into one of his veins instead of blood. Predict what might happen if distilled water was given to the patient instead of blood. A. have no unfavorable effect as long as the water was sterile B. have serious, perhaps fatal effects because there would be too much fluid for the heart to pump. C. have serious, perhaps fatal effects because the red blood cells would tend to shrivel D. have serious, perhaps fatal effects because the red blood cells would tend to burst

D. have serious, perhaps fatal effects because the red blood cells would tend to burst