Biology Unit 12 Quiz 1
phylum cnidaria
animal phylum; aquatic, incomplete digestive system (one opening), all have cnidocytes and neatocysts for defense and capturing prey, two body plan forms (polyp and medusa), lack cephalization, mostly slowly moving or sessile, radial symmetry, sexual or asexual, includes hydra, jellyfish, box jellies, sea anemones, and corals
protozoans
animal-like protists, heterotrophic; examples include amoeba (eats through phagocytosis), Trypanosomainfects (infects blood, causes African sleeping sickness, parasitic), and Plasmodium (causes malaria)
polyp
cnidarian body plan in which the organism has a sessile, tubular body with tentacles radiating up. An example is hydra
medusa
cnidarian body plan in which the organism is more bell shaped, with tentacles radiating downwards. Free floating. An example is jellyfish
bilateral symmetry
divided into mirror image halves only along one plane that runs down the middle, present in humans. These exhibit cephalization
radial symmetry
divided into roughly equal halves by any plane that passes through the central axis, present in hydra
parapodia
each of a number of paired muscular bristle-bearing appendages used in locomotion, sensation, or respiration.
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
eight categories of classification (from most to least general)
setae
external bristles
pseudocoelomates
fluid-filled body cavity, not completely lined with mesoderm
hermaphroditic
has male and female parts
vertebraes
have a vertebral column; 1 animal phylum
endoderm
innermost germ layer; forms lining of digestive and respiratory tracts, liver, and pancreas
acoelomate
lack a body cavity, organs embedded in solid tissue
scyphozoa
the class of cnidarians including jellyfish
kingdom eubacteria
the kingdom that is prokaryotic and unicellular, includes "modern" bacteria
binomial nomenclature
the scientific name of an organism, formed by the genus and species
Domains
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
intevertebraes
lack a vertebral column; 10 animal phyla
mesoderm
middle germ layer; forms muscle, skeleton, circulatory system, gonads, kidney
asymmetry
no pattern of symmetry
ectoderm
outermost germ layer; forms epidermis, hair, lining of mouth and nose, nervous system
algae
plant-like protists, photosynthetic, mostly multicellular. Examples include dinoflagellates (cause red tide), diatoms (marine and freshwater organisms with clacium carbonate shells), green, red, and brown algae
phylum annelida
segmented worms, bilateral symmetry, coelomate, body divided into a series of repeating units (segmentation) (allows for complex movement), closed circulatory system, complete digestive system (2 holes), hydrostatic skeleton (made of water), have setae, some have parapodia, includes earthworms, bristle worms, leeches.
taxonomy
the branch of biology that is concerned with the naming of organisms and classifying them into hierarchical categories
pore cells
the cells that are the entry points for food and water to enter sponges
hydrozoa
the class of cnidarians including hydra
anthozoa
the class of cnidarians including sea anemones and coral
cephalization
the concentration of sensory organs and a brain in a well-defined head
kingdom protista
the kingdom that is eukaryotic and mostly unicellular, the most diverse kingdom, lacking specialized tissue, mostly free living, can perform a variety of life functions
kingdom fungi
the kingdom that is eukaryotic, heterotrophic, mostly unicellular, utilize reproductive tissue known as spores
kingdom plantae
the kingdom that is eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic, have specialized tissue
kingdom animalia
the kingdom that is eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, has specialized tissue, no cell walls, most reproduce sexually, are motile at some point in life cycle, exhibit body symmetry, have complex levels of cellular organization
kingdom archaebacteria
the kingdom that is prokaryotic and unicellular, includes "ancient" bacteria, are extremophiles
osculum
where water is released from in sponges
Kingdoms
Eubacteria, archaebacteria, plantae, fungi, animalia, protista
nematocyst
a filament, typically with a poisonous barb, used in cnidarians to kill prey.
planaria
a group of Platyhelminthes, scavengers, hermaphroditic
pseudopodia
a mode of locomotion; "false feet," estension of cytoplasm present in amoeba.
flagellum
a mode of locomotion; a whip-like tail present in Euglena and Trypnosoma.
cilia
a mode of locomotion; hair-like projections present in Paramecium
water molds
a type of fungus-like protists that are heterotrophic. Composed of branching filaments of cells. Phytophthora infestans, which caused the potato famine, is an example.
slime molds
a type of fungus-like protists that are heterotrophic. Some are unicellular, large, colorful masses of cytoplasmic slime. They are found on moist, decomposing matter and move around slowly engulfing food.
flukes
a type of parasitic flatworm
tapeworms
a type of parasitic flatworm that infects people who eat raw or undercooked beef or pork or fish containing cysts
phylum platyhelminthes
animal phylum, flatworms, aquatic, marine, and moist terrestrial habitats; bilateral symmetry, 3 germ layers, acoelomate, distinct head with sensory organs (simple nervous system), lack circulatory and respiratory systems (gas exchange by diffusion through skin), incomplete digestive tract (one opening), reproduce sexually and asexually (most are hermaphroditic)
phylum nematoda
animal phylum, roundworms, most are free living and break down organic matter, some are parasitic, have bilateral symmetry, pseudocoelomate, complete digestive tract (2 holes- mouth and anus), lack circulatory and respiratory systems, most reproduce sexually (distinct sexes), include hookworms, pinworms, filarial worms, Ascaris, Trichinella
phylum porifera
animal phylum; "pore bearer", aquatic (sponges), body is porous, lack true tissues or organs, adults are sessile, larva are motile, filter feeders, asymmetrical, can reproduce sexually (external fertilization) or asexually (budding). Use collar cells, amoebocytes, pore cells, and an osculum
closed circulatory system
blood confined to heart and blood vessels
coelom
body cavity; allows internal organs to move and be protected; 3 types
collar cells
cells that contain a flagellum which creates a current that pumps water through the pores of a sponge's body to eat
amoebocytes
cells that pick up food from collar cells, digest it, and then transport it through the sponge's body
cnidocyte
contains nematocyst, on the end of cnidarian tentacles