Biology Unit 4
If a DNA molecule is 22% adenine in any organism, which percentage of thymine will that DNA molecule contain? 22 28 44 56
22
If in any organism a DNA molecule is 24% cytosine, how much adenine will that DNA molecule contain? 24% 26% 48% 52%
26%
Which of the following is synthesized by all producers and consumers during aerobic respiration? Ch Ch OH C6H12O6 NAD ATP
ATP
Cells in the body use oxygen for cellular respiration. Which is the result of cellular respiration? ATP is produced and carbon dioxide is released. ATP is consumed and carbon dioxide is released. ATP is produced and carbon dioxide is absorbed. ATP is consumed and carbon dioxide is absorbed.
ATP is produced and carbon dioxide is released.
Which describes the difference between aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration? Anaerobic respiration is completed in the presence of oxygen, while aerobic is not. Aerobic respiration is completed in the presence of oxygen, while anaerobic is not. Aerobic respiration is only found in animals, while anaerobic is never found in animals. Anaerobic respiration is only found in animals, while aerobic is never found in animals
Aerobic respiration is completed in the presence of oxygen, while anaerobic is not.
Which describes the difference between aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration? Anaerobic respiration is completed in the presence of oxygen, while aerobic is not. Aerobic respiration is completed in the presence of oxygen, while anaerobic is not. Aerobic respiration is only found in animals, while anaerobic is never found in animals. Anaerobic respiration is only found in animals, while aerobic is never found in animals.
Aerobic respiration is completed in the presence of oxygen, while anaerobic is not.
How does the site of aerobic respiration in a cell compare with the site of anaerobic respiration? Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration occur in the cytoplasm. Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration occur in the mitochondria. Aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria, while anaerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm. Aerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm, while anaerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria.
Aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria, while anaerobic respiration occurs in the cytoplasm.
How does the amount of energy resulting from fermentation compare with that of aerobic respiration? Aerobic respiration results in less energy. Aerobic respiration results in more energy. Each process results in equal amounts of energy. Each process results in variable amounts of energy.
Aerobic respiration results in more energy.
Which of these statements describes how monomers combine and create macromolecules? Amino acids combine to make proteins. Glucose molecules combine to make nucleic acids. Nucleic acids combine to make starch. Proteins combine to make glucose.
Amino acids combine to make proteins.
Which best explains enzyme specificity? An enzyme reacts best at a certain pH. An enzyme reacts best at a certain temperature. An enzyme is able to react with only certain substrate
An enzyme is able to react with only certain substrate
Which is a difference between anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration? Anaerobic respiration requires oxygen. Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen. Anaerobic respiration occurs only at the cellular level. Anaerobic respiration only occurs outside of the cell.
Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen.
Ava conducted an experiment to determine respiratory rates during different activities. She counted the number of breaths per minute. Ava noted that the number of breaths increases as physical activity increases. Why is there an increase in the number of breaths per minute as activity increases? As activity increases, more oxygen is exhaled. As activity increases, breathing becomes more efficient. As activity increases, the oxygen needs of cells increase. As activity increases, the rate of the heart beating increases.
As activity increases, the oxygen needs of cells increase.
How are the functions of a carbohydrate and a lipid similar? Both are a source of energy. Both are replicated during meiosis. Both lower the activation energy of reactions. Both dissolve nutrients in the digestive system.
Both are a source of energy.
How does the structure of a nucleic acid compare to the structure of a protein? Both are smaller subunits; nucleic acids make up nucleotides and proteins make up amino acids Both are larger compounds; nucleic acids are made of nucleotides while proteins are made of amino acids. Nucleic acids are larger compounds made of amino acids, while proteins are smaller subunits that make up amino acids. Nucleic acids are smaller subunits that make of ribosomes, while proteins are larger compounds made of amino acids.
Both are larger compounds; nucleic acids are made of nucleotides while proteins are made of amino acids.
Which characteristic BEST explains why carbon is relevant to living organisms? Carbon is the most common element on Earth Carbon can form a wide variety of molecules. Many carbon isotopes are radioactive. Many carbon allotropes occur in nature.
Carbon can form a wide variety of molecules.
Which elements combine to form carbohydrates? Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen Carbon, Potassium, and Calcium Carbon, Calcium, and Hydrogen
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
Which best describes the difference between DNA and RNA? DNA is an amino acid and RNA is a nucleic acid. DNA contains phosphate and RNA contains potassium. DNA has a nitrogenous base and RNA has a carbon base. DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and RNA contains ribose sugar.
DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and RNA contains ribose sugar.
Many enzymes in the human body function best at 37°C. What is the most likelyresult of a great increase in body temperature? Enzymes become hormones. Enzymes become denatured. Enzymes become more active. Enzymes become more sluggish
Enzymes become denatured.
A biological molecule is analyzed, and it is discovered that the molecule is composed of several amino acids. Which of these identifies the biological molecule? It is a lipid It is a protein. It is an unsaturated fat. It is a monosaccharide.
It is a protein.
Which best describes how an enzyme affects the rate of a chemical reaction? It increases the temperature of the reaction. It causes the reaction to proceed in an unfavorable direction. It changes the products created in the reaction. It lowers the activation energy of the reaction.
It lowers the activation energy of the reaction.
Which best describes the importance of the carbohydrate cellulose to plant cells? It lubricates cell organelles. It provides enzymes for the cell It serves as a storage center for water and wastes. It provides the main structural elements in the cell wall.
It provides the main structural elements in the cell wall.
Which statement best compares aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Less ATP is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration. More water is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration. More oxygen is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration. Less lactic acid is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration.
Less ATP is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration.
How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration differ? Photosynthesis uses food and cellular respiration produces food. Photosynthesis gives off oxygen and cellular respiration uses oxygen. Photosynthesis uses oxygen and cellular respiration uses carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis breaks down carbohydrates and cellular respiration produces carbohydrates
Photosynthesis gives off oxygen and cellular respiration uses oxygen.
How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration differ? Photosynthesis uses food and cellular respiration produces food. Photosynthesis gives off oxygen and cellular respiration uses oxygen. Photosynthesis uses oxygen and cellular respiration uses carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis breaks down carbohydrates and cellular respiration produces carbohydrates.
Photosynthesis gives off oxygen and cellular respiration uses oxygen.
While trying to identify molecules and compounds within a cell, a scientist stumbles upon a nucleic acid that contains the nitrogenous base uracil, the sugar ribose, and is single-stranded. Which nucleic acid has this scientist most likely found? DNA RNA Amino acid chromosome
RNA
What is a difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? Saturated fats are liquid and unsaturated fats are solid. Saturated fats are solid and unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature. Saturated fats are healthier for you than unsaturated fats. Saturated fats contain double carbon bonds and unsaturated fats have single bonds.
Saturated fats are solid and unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature.
Which best describes starches and lipids? Starches and lipids provide the cell with energy. Starches and lipids are the trash cans of the cell. Starches and lipids provide the cell with strength. Starches and lipids are the primary materials of the cell components.
Starches and lipids provide the cell with energy.
Which will most likely occur if there is a significant change in the temperature or pH of an enzyme? The enzyme will become one of the products. The enzyme will be unable to catalyze the reaction. The enzyme will change the products of the reaction. The enzyme will cause the rate of reaction to increase.
The enzyme will be unable to catalyze the reaction.
How are the reactions for photosynthesis and cellular respiration related? The glucose and oxygen produced in photosynthesis are used as reactants in aerobic cellular respiration. The glucose and oxygen produced in photosynthesis are used as reactants in anaerobic cellular respiration The carbon dioxide and water produced in photosynthesis are used as reactants in aerobic cellular respiration. The carbon dioxide and water produced in photosynthesis are used as reactants in anaerobic cellular respiration.
The glucose and oxygen produced in photosynthesis are used as reactants in aerobic cellular respiration.
How are the reactions for photosynthesis and cellular respiration related? The glucose and oxygen produced in photosynthesis are used as reactants in aerobic cellular respiration. The glucose and oxygen produced in photosynthesis are used as reactants in anaerobic cellular respiration. The carbon dioxide and water produced in photosynthesis are used as reactants in aerobic cellular respiration. The carbon dioxide and water produced in photosynthesis are used as reactants in anaerobic cellular respiration.
The glucose and oxygen produced in photosynthesis are used as reactants in aerobic cellular respiration.
Why must lactic acid be removed from muscle cells? The lactic acid can fatigue muscle cells The lactic acid can cause muscle cells to change into fat. The lactic acid can cause muscle cells to change into nucleic acids. The lactic acid will cause the cytoplasm to become aerobic and very diluted.
The lactic acid can fatigue muscle cells
A plant is placed in a sealed container. All carbon dioxide is removed from the container. Which will most likely occur? The rate of photosynthesis will decrease. The rate of photosynthesis will increase. The rate of anaerobic respiration will increase. The rate of anaerobic respiration will decrease.
The rate of photosynthesis will decrease.
Why are enzymes essential to all multicellular organisms? They provide insulation. They produce living tissue. They contain genetic information. They catalyze metabolic reactions.
They catalyze metabolic reactions.
What are the components of each nucleotide? glucose, water, and cellulose adenine, thymine, and cytosine a phosphate group, a sugar molecule, and a nitrogen base a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and an amino acid
a phosphate group, a sugar molecule, and a nitrogen base
The enzyme hexokinase binds to glucose and ATP during the chemical reaction. At what location do they connect? Correct! active site between the bases at the end of the fatty acids the enzyme-substrate complex
active site
If an animal has a limited supply of O2, which process would be most affected? alcoholic fermentation lactic acid fermentation aerobic cellular respiration anaerobic cellular respiration
aerobic cellular respiration
Which process produces more energy than it consumes? aerobic respiration protein synthesis DNA replication mitosis
aerobic respiration
Some individuals are unable to digest the lactose found in the milk of cows. The digestive systems of these individuals MOST likely lack which? an enzyme that catalyzes lactose breakdown an ability to produce lactose internally a tolerance to lactose developed during childhood a lipid that coats lactose molecules
an enzyme that catalyzes lactose breakdown
Amylase is a chemical that decomposes starch into maltose and dextrin. Which BEST describes the role of amylase in the human body? as an inhibitor of insulin production as a catalyst for protein synthesis as an enzyme that aids in digestion
as an enzyme that aids in digestion
How does an enzyme speed up chemical reactions? by absorbing energy by releasing energy by decreasing the energy needed by increasing the energy needed
by decreasing the energy needed
Which organic molecule is paired with its function? nucleic acid : to store energy proteins : to provide insulation lipids : to regulate metabolic processes carbohydrate : to provide quick-release energy
carbohydrate : to provide quick-release energy
A lack of availability of which substance would limit the rate of photosynthesis in aquatic plants in an aquatic environment? water oxygen simple sugars carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide
A student observes a flask containing a mixture of yeast, water, and a carbohydrate; the top of the flask is covered by a balloon. After 30 minutes, what waste products would she would expect to find in the flask and balloon? carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol carbon dioxide and lactic acid oxygen and glucose oxygen and starch
carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol
During photosynthesis, plants absorb light energy from the Sun and convert it into chemical energy in the form of glucose. Which compounds combine in the presence of sunlight to form glucose? carbon dioxide and hydrogen oxygen and carbon dioxide carbon dioxide and water oxygen and water
carbon dioxide and water
Which products are produced during aerobic respiration? water and glucose glucose and oxygen carbon dioxide and water oxygen and carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide and water
What are the products of aerobic cellular respiration? glucose and water glucose and oxygen carbon, hydrogen, and water carbon dioxide, water, and energy
carbon dioxide, water, and energy
Living organisms require energy for biological processes. Chemical energy in a plant cell is produced in vacuoles converted from solar energy developed by centrioles stored as kinetic energy
converted from solar energy
Which is the correct arrangement for a single DNA nucleotide? phosphate → ribose sugar → a base base → a phosphate → ribose sugar deoxyribose sugar → a phosphate → a base phosphate → a polypeptide → deoxyribose sugar
deoxyribose sugar → a phosphate → a base
What do cells need to move materials opposite the concentration gradient? energy water molecules isotonic solution channel proteins
energy
Which type of substances serves as a catalyst for reactions that break large food molecules into smaller useful molecules? enzymes vitamins lipids nucleotides
enzymes
Which type of molecule do whales use for energy storage and insulation? DNA glucose fat starch
fat
The energy required to lift an object is supplied by ATP derived from the breakdown of molecules of glutamate glycerol glycolysis glucose
glucose
Which fuel is most commonly used for the process of cellular respiration? glucose enzymes fatty acids amino acids
glucose
Life processes require energy. Biochemical processes involve specific reactions. Which is a characteristic of biochemical processes common to all animals? function at any pH level heat released as a product use only anaerobic respiration same amount of energy absorbed
heat released as a product
Many people are lactose intolerant and cannot digest dairy products. What enzyme are their bodies most likely lacking? lipase lactase maltase protease
lactase
Which organic molecules are used for long-term energy storage? lipids proteins nucleic acids carbohydrates
lipids
During a biochemical reaction, pyruvate is converted into carbon dioxide and water. In what cellular organelle does this biochemical reaction occur? nucleus cytoplasm mitochondrion endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondrion
Which organic molecule is paired with its basic building block? carbohydrate : amino acids nucleic acid : nucleotides lipid : monosaccharides protein : fatty acids
nucleic acid : nucleotides
Which cause many of the similarities in all living things? energy requirements cellular organization cell wall composition nucleotide bases
nucleotide bases
All organisms contain DNA and RNA. What are the subunits of DNA and RNA? simple sugars amino acids carbohydrates nucleotides
nucleotides
The rate of photosynthesis is based on what? Select all that apply. number of reactants temperature and pH light soil
number of reactants temperature and pH light
Catalase is an enzyme that speeds up the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. Students conducted two investigations to determine the ideal conditions for the function of catalase. One investigation compared catalase activity at different values of pH. The other investigation compared catalase activity at different temperatures. According to the data in the graphs, which pH and temperature combination provides the BEST conditions for catalase to function? pH 5 and 4°C pH 5 and 25°C pH 7 and 37°C pH 7 and 50°C
pH 7 and 37°C
A scientist is using an enzyme to get a chemical reaction to occur within a cell sample and observes that the reaction occurs best when the pH is lowered to 6.2. What does this experiment most likely demonstrate? enzyme specificity enzymes are reusable pH affects enzyme function enzymes lower activation energy
pH affects enzyme function
Which enzyme acts first in response to the ingestion of a hamburger patty? amylase in the mouth pepsin in the stomach lipase in the small intestine
pepsin in the stomach
The table below compares two cellular processes. ------------------------------------------------- feature process 1 process 2 inputs water, carbon oxygen, dioxide sugars outputs oxygen, water, carbon sugars dioxide energy no yes released? ------------------------------------------------- Based on the information in the table, which two processes are being compared? growth and reproduction osmosis and diffusion decomposition and fermentation photosynthesis and respiration
photosynthesis and respiration
Which of the following foods is highest in polysaccharides? broccoli potatoes cheese fish
potatoes
Which would best distinguish a nucleic acid from a carbohydrate? presence of carbon presence of adenine presence of fatty acids presence of amino acids
presence of adenine
Amylase is a biocatalyst that hydrolyzes starch into simple sugar molecules in the pancreas. Which best describes amylase? lipids protein fatty acid carbohydrate
protein
Which organic molecule serves as a catalyst? lipid protein nucleic acids carbs
protein
To which class of organic compounds do enzymes belong? proteins fatty acids nucleic acids monosaccharides
proteins
What type of organic molecules are enzymes? carbs lipids proteins nucleic acids
proteins
The following reaction occurs in plants C02 + water + sunlight -> 02 + water + sugar This reaction is beneficial to plants because it.. results in a net increase in the mass of the atoms. produces chemical building blocks for proteins. keeps ultraviolet light from damaging their cells. provides chemical energy to the cells.
provides chemical energy to the cells.
What does the following word equation represent? Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy photosynthesis regeneration respiration transpiration
respiration
Eating organic vegetables is considered important for human nutrition. Which is the original source of energy? vitamins found in soil lipids within the root tips proteins stored in vacuoles sun, made available by photosynthesis
sun, made available by photosynthesis
Estella spilled tomato sauce on her shirt. When she washed her shirt, she noticed that the detergent she used contained enzymes. Enzymes are added to detergents to break down proteins from food and other substances that may stain clothing. Which would MOST likely inhibit the ability of the enzymes to remove the stain on her shirt? the amount of dissolved minerals in the water the type of fibers from which her shirt was made the temperature of the water the fragrances in the detergent
the temperature of the water
What do bacterial cells, plant cells, and animal cells all have in common? they all contain the same cell wall structure they all have a membrane surrounding their nucleic acid they all have a similar code for the production of amino acids they all carry out the light dependent reactions in organelles
they all have a similar code for the production of amino acids
If nucleic acids code for proteins, which is a function of proteins? to store hereditary information to store energy for long-term use to provide a quick supply of energy to provide structure and transport materials in cells
to provide structure and transport materials in cells