Sociology Exam #3
Medicalization of Deviance
-Drinking too much being redefined as "alcoholism" -Promiscuity being redefined as "sexual addiction" -Theft being redefined as "compulsive disorder"
Traits that have been described as a female advantage
-More willingness to ask questions -More emphasis on communication -More flexible leadership
A hate crime is defined as
A criminal act motivated by racial or other bias
Emile Durkheim's basic insight is that deviance is
A normal element of social organization
Globalization of the economy means that
-A small number of businesses control a large share of the planet's economy -More and more products pass through several nations -World regions specialize in one sector of economic activity
In recent years, crime rates have declined in the United States due to
-Building more prisons -An increasing number of police -A reduction in the youth population
What is the term for group leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks?
Instrumental Leadership
Research suggests that, with regard to social class, arrest for serious crime
Is higher for people in lower class levels
The rule of many by the few
Oligarchy
Charles Cooley referred to a small social group whose members share personal and enduring relationships using the term
Primary Group
Over the course of human history, changes in ___ have brought the greatest changes to the economy.
Productive Technology
The Industrial Revolution moved ahead more quickly after the discovery and development of ___ as an early, new source of energy.
The Steam Engine
As a social institution, politics refers to
The distribution of power and societal decision making
Terrorism refers to
The use or threat of violence as a political strategy
A sociological approach to war shows that
There is nothing natural about humans engaging in war
(T/F) "Crimes against property" greatly outnumber "crimes against persons".
True
(T/F) Groupthink is a form of social conformity in groups.
True
(T/F) The stigma of deviance can encourage further deviance in an individual.
True
"Crime" differs from "deviance" in that crime
is a violation of norms enacted into law
As bureaucracy and computer technology have spread throughout the U.S. society, privacy
is threatened as never before
An organizational model rationally designed to perform tasks efficiently refers to
Bureaucracy
The postindustrial economy is defined by
Computer Technology
The basic idea behind labeling theory is that
Deviance arises not so much from what people do as how others respond to what they do.
(T/F) All political officials in the United States are elected by the voters.
False
(T/F) As groups grow larger, they become less stable
False
(T/F) Most people in the United States strongly identify with one or the other major political party.
False
