Sociology Exam #3

Medicalization of Deviance

-Drinking too much being redefined as "alcoholism" -Promiscuity being redefined as "sexual addiction" -Theft being redefined as "compulsive disorder"

Traits that have been described as a female advantage

-More willingness to ask questions -More emphasis on communication -More flexible leadership

A hate crime is defined as

A criminal act motivated by racial or other bias

Emile Durkheim's basic insight is that deviance is

A normal element of social organization

Globalization of the economy means that

-A small number of businesses control a large share of the planet's economy -More and more products pass through several nations -World regions specialize in one sector of economic activity

In recent years, crime rates have declined in the United States due to

-Building more prisons -An increasing number of police -A reduction in the youth population

What is the term for group leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks?

Instrumental Leadership

Research suggests that, with regard to social class, arrest for serious crime

Is higher for people in lower class levels

The rule of many by the few

Oligarchy

Charles Cooley referred to a small social group whose members share personal and enduring relationships using the term

Primary Group

Over the course of human history, changes in ___ have brought the greatest changes to the economy.

Productive Technology

The Industrial Revolution moved ahead more quickly after the discovery and development of ___ as an early, new source of energy.

The Steam Engine

As a social institution, politics refers to

The distribution of power and societal decision making

Terrorism refers to

The use or threat of violence as a political strategy

A sociological approach to war shows that

There is nothing natural about humans engaging in war

(T/F) "Crimes against property" greatly outnumber "crimes against persons".

True

(T/F) Groupthink is a form of social conformity in groups.

True

(T/F) The stigma of deviance can encourage further deviance in an individual.

True

"Crime" differs from "deviance" in that crime

is a violation of norms enacted into law

As bureaucracy and computer technology have spread throughout the U.S. society, privacy

is threatened as never before

An organizational model rationally designed to perform tasks efficiently refers to

Bureaucracy

The postindustrial economy is defined by

Computer Technology

The basic idea behind labeling theory is that

Deviance arises not so much from what people do as how others respond to what they do.

(T/F) All political officials in the United States are elected by the voters.

False

(T/F) As groups grow larger, they become less stable

False

(T/F) Most people in the United States strongly identify with one or the other major political party.

False