Biology Unit 8 (Human Body)
Dendrites
Branchlike projections out of a nerve cell that allow neurons to communicate with each other
What gets chemically digested in the small intestine?
Carbohydrates and starch products
Enzymes are used in what kind of digestion?
Chemical digestion
Which layer of skin is on the inside?
Dermis
Thinnest layer of skin
Epidermis
Two main layers of skin
Epidermis and dermis
What are fats broken down into?
Fatty Acids
What are carbohydrates broken down into?
Glucose
Type of cardiac muscle
Heart
What are the components of human blood?
Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
Subcutaneous
Situated or lying beneath the skin
What substance does saliva break down?
Starch
What is another word for voluntary muscle?
Striated muscle
What are the four functions of bones?
Support, protection, movement, and the production of blood cells
What are the five different tastes?
Sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and umami
What two things make up the central nervous system?
The brain and the spinal cord
Plasma
The fluid portion of the blood
Blood pressure
The force that blood exerts on the blood vessels of the body
Compact Bone
The hard outer layer of bone that provides protection for the inner layer
Spongy Bone
The inner layer of bone containing bone marrow or connective tissue
Dermis
The inner layer of skin that contains the blood vessels, nerves, sweat glands and oil glands
Cerebellum
The part of the brain that controls balance, posture, and coordination
Brain Stem
The part of the brain that controls breathing and heart rates
Cerebrum
The part of the brain that controls higher thought processes
Melanin
The primary pigment that give skin its color
Puberty
The process in which a human body changes from a child state into a body that is capable of reproduction
Largest organ of the human body
The skin
Epidermis
The thin outer layer of skin that is composed of dead and living cells
Nephrons
Tiny individual filtering units in the kidneys
What are the four different types of touch receptors in your dermis?
Touch receptor, pressure receptor, heat receptor, and cold receptor.
What are the four major parts of the urinary system?
Two kidneys, Two ureters, bladder, and the urethra
What are the three types of blood vessels?
Veins, arteries, and capillaries
How many Bones are you born with? How many bones do you have as an adult?
You are born with 350 bones, but end up with 206 as an adult.
Esophagus
a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach
Heart
an organ in the circulatory system responsible for pumping blood throughout the body
What are the two categories of bone in the skeleton?
axial and appendicular
This system is responsible for transporting blood to and from the heart
circulatory system
What are the two types of bone tissue?
compact bone and spongy bone
This system is responsible for secreting hormones that regulate almost all other systems
endocrine system
Types of Tissue
epithelium, connective, muscle, and nerve
Capillaries
microscopic blood vessels that are one cell thick TIP: C FOR CAPILLARIES AND C FOR CELL
Kidneys
organs that filter blood and remove wastes from it
This system is responsible for getting oxygen to the blood and removing carbon dioxide from the blood
respiratory system
This system is responsible for filtering out excess water, vitamins, and waste products from the blood
urinary system
Uterus
A female sex organ that is responsible for nourishing and providing a place for a baby to grow inside a mother
Hypothalamus
A gland that controls involuntary body functions, such as the heartbeat
Pituitary Gland
A gland that controls most of the hormones in the body
Thalamus
A gland that conveys sensations of touch, pain, and temperature to other parts of the brain
Thyroid
A gland that regulates metabolism, energy, growth and development, and the general activity of the nervous system
What is a hair follicle?
A narrow hole in the dermis
Stomach
A pouch-like muscular organ responsible for the majority of the digestion of food
Bile
A substance that breaks down fats into small droplets
Endocrine System
A system of glands and organs that secretes hormones that regulate almost all other processes in the body
Synapse
A tiny space between one neuron's axon and another neuron's dendrite
What are the four blood types?
A, B, AB, and O
How many nephrons does each kidney contain?
About one million
What are proteins broken down into?
Amino Acids
Pepsin
An enzyme that begins to break down proteins into amino acids
Hemoglobin
An iron-containing protein in blood that carries oxygen
Gland
An organ that secretes a substance
Gallbladder
An organ that stores bile and passes it on to the small intestine when it is needed
What kind of bone is the tibia?
Appendicular bone
What kind of bone is the skull?
Axial bone
Four components of the dermis
Blood vessels, nerves, sweat glands, and oil glands
What are the three types of bone cells?
Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes
The gland that controls most of the hormones in your body is the _____.
Pituitary
Veins
Large blood vessels that carry blood BACK to the heart
Vitamins K and B are made in the____
Large intestine
Arteries
Large, muscular blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart
Axon
Long, thin extension of a nerve cell that allows for communication throughout the nervous system
What kind of digestion is chewing?
Mechanical digestion
Voluntary Muscles
Muscles that move because a person desires (or wills) them to move
Involuntary Muscles
Muscles that move in response to nerve impulses rather than the will of the person
Neuron
Nerve cell that is specially designed for communication in the body