Biology/Cell Units/Review Assessment

White blood cells (WBCs) are more resistant to lysis than red blood cells (RBCs). When looking at a sample of blood for WBCs, would could you do tor educe interference from RBCs?

Mix the blood in a hypotonic solution solution, which will cause the RBCs to lyse.

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell? A). chloroplast B). nuclear envelope C). ribosome D). mitochondrion E). ER

C). ribosome

Which of the following would likely move through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly?

CO2

Which of the following statements regarding diffusion is FALSE? A). Diffusion is a result of the kinetic energy of atoms and molecules. B). Diffusion is driven by concentration gradients. C). Diffusion requires no input of energy into the system. D). Diffusion occurs when particles spread from areas where they are less concentrated to areas where they are more concentrated. E). Diffusion occurs even after equilibrium is reached and no net change is apparent.

D). Diffusion occurs when particles spread from areas where they are less concentrated to areas where they are more concentrated.

Which of the following statements regarding membrane function is FALSE A). The plasma membrane forms a selective barrier around the cell. B). The plasma membrane plays a role in signal transduction. C). The plasma membrane has receptors for chemical messages. D). The plasma membrane is the control center of the cell. E). The plasma membrane is involved in self-recognition.

D). The plasma membrane is the control center of the cell.

Which feature is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

DNA

All of the follwing are part of a prokarytoic cell EXCEPT A). DNA B). ribosomes C). a cell wall D). a plasma membrane E). an endoplasmic reticulum

E). an endoplasmic reticulum

What is the most likely pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

ER -> Golgi -> vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes? A). peroxisome B). lysosome C). mitochondrion D). vacuole E). Golgi apparatus

Lysosome

Certain cells that line the stomach synthesize a digestive enzyme and secrete it into the stomach. This enzyme is a protein. Which of the following processes could be responsible for its secretion?

Exocytosis

Which organelle is a stack of membranous sacs that are involved in sorting proteins to their proper cellular location?

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following substances would have the most trouble crossing a biological membrane by diffusing through the lipid bilayer?

Na+

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?

Rough ER

Which type of organelle or structure is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids?

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

If placed in tap water, an animal cell will undergo lysis, whereas a plant cell will not. What accounts for this difference?

The relative inelasticity and strength of the plant cell wall.

Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?

Vacuole

In the lab, you use a special balloon that is permeable to water, but not sucrose, to make an "artificial cell." The balloon is filled with a solution of 20% sucrose and 80% water and is immersed in a beaker containing a solution of 40% sucrose and 60% water. What will happen?

Water will leave the balloon.

Mammalian blood contains the equivalent of 0.15 M NaCI. Seawater contains the equivalent of 0.45 M NaCI. What will happen if red blood cells are transferred to seawater?

Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrivel and collapse.

Substrates bind to an enzyme's ________ site.

active

Which of the following processes could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell, if the substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings?

active transport

Which organelle is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

chloroplast

The movement of potassium into an animal cell against it's concentration gradient requires...

an energy source such as ATP

The ____ is the fundamental structural unit of life on Earth.

cell

The internal membrane-bound compartments found in eukaryotic cells are called ____ ________.

cell membrane

Which organelle performs photosynthesis?

chloroplast

Inside a eukarotic cell, the organelles are located within a watery matrix called the _________.

cytoplasm

Small, nonpolar, hydrophobic molecules such as fatty acids...

easily pass through a membrane's lipid bilayer.

Which organelle is represented by a network of membranes involved in the production of proteins?

endoplasmic reticulum

When two aqueous solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a semipermeable membrane and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will...

exhibit a net movement to the side with lower water concentration.

The fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as consisting of...

individual proteins and phospholipids that can drift in a phospholipid bilayer.

Some protozoans have special organelles called contractile vacuoles that continually eliminate excess water from the cell. The presence of these organelles tells you that the environment...

is hypotonic to the protozoan

The plasma membrane of a photosynthetic eukaryotic cell...

isolates the cell's contents from the external environment.

A cell that neither gains nor loses water when it is immersed in a solution is...

isotonic to its environment.

When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction,

it lowers the activation energy of the reaction

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that degrade a variety of macromolcules?

lysosome

Which organelle in a scavenging white blood cell would break down bacteria that had entered the body?

lysosome

A bacterium engulfed by a white blood cell through phagocytosis will be digested by enzymes contained in...

lysosomes

Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

mitochondrion

Which organelle performs cellular respiration?

mitochondrion

Which structure is common to plant AND animal cells?

mitochondrion

A cell has the following molecules and structures enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from...

nearly any eukaryotic organism

The _______ is the compartment in a eukaryotic cell that stores DNA in the form of chromatin.

nucleus

Prokaryotic cells are generally __________ the diameter of eukaryotic cells

one-tenth

Oxygen crosses a plasma membrane by...

passive transport

The process of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is...

phagocytosis

What kind of molecule forms a bilayer that is the basis for all cellular membranes?

phospholipid

Which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane?

phospholipids and proteins

Cells contain proteins that help transport substances from the exterior to the interior of the cell. Where are these proteins found?

plasma membrane

The ______ ________ (2 words) defines the outer boundary of all cells, separating the cell's contents from its environment.

plasma membrane

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?

proteins

Most of a cell's enzymes are...

proteins

Proteins in cells are assembled on workbench-like structures called _______.

ribsomes

Cell membranes ____-_________, which means that they allow certain molecules to pass through while preventing the passage of other molecules.

semi-preamble

What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?

small and hydrophobic

Celery stalks that are immersed in fresh water for several hours become stiff and hard. Similar stalks left in a salt solution become limp and soft. From this, we can deduce that the cells of the celery stalks are...

the fresh water is hypotonic and the salt solution is hypertonic to the cells of the celery stalks.

Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires __________ and moves a substance _________ its concentration gradient.

transport proteins....down

Assume that a plant is suffering from drought and is beginning to wilt. Which cell component is most likely being affected, and what type of molecule is being lost from this structure?

vacuole; water.