Bisc. 102 Final Exam
The monosaccharide is the monomer for which biological molecule?
Carbohydrate
If there is a nondisjunction event in Anaphase II, what would the zygotes show?
1 trisomy, 1 monosomy, 2 normal
In an individual, there is a nondisjunction event during gamete formation in Anaphase I of meiosis. What would the resulting zygotes have?
2 trisomy, 2 monosomy
If a sequence is 30% A and T, what percentage of the sequence is made up of C?
35%
What molecule holds instructions for the synthesis of proteins and copies itself for the next generation of cells?
DNA
Which of the following would make a polymer from monomers?
Dehydration Synthesis
Gray matter is compose of ___ and ___.
Dendrites; Cell Bodies
Which node makes the ventricles contract?
AV Node
In several neurological diseases, axons lose their insulating myelin sheath. What is the consequence of this loss?
Action potential transmission slows down
___ tissue is found in a minimal extracellular matrix and stores fats for energy and insulation.
Adipose
A person with type A blood cannot receive blood from a type B person. Why is this?
Antibodies will attack the foreign antigens.
Which hormones stimulate the testes to produce testosterone?
FSH & LH
In an unchanging environment, ___ reproduction is the most suitable.
Asexual
Type 1 Diabetes is associated with ___
Auto Immune Disorder
The enzyme that unwinds DNA is
gyrase
You are sorting cards with pictures of organisms and their descriptions into groups with similar organisms. You would place the card with an osprey and the description "organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms" with cards for other __
heterotrophs
If, for a study, you wanted to cause blood vessel dilation and swelling to mimic effects of innate immunity, you would want to inject __
histamine
When we break polymers into monomers we use this reaction:
hydrolysis
What would be the primary target for ADH?
kidney
What is the correct order of components of the digestive tract?
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus
At resting potential, the sodium-potassium pump is ___, sodium channel is ___, and potassium channel is ___.
open; closed; closed
When electrons are removed from a food molecule, the molecule is
oxidized
The process whereby scientists submit their research findings to be reviewed by anonymous scientists in their field is called _______ _______.
peer review
The phenotype of an individual is the ___, while the genotype is the ___.
physical characteristics; genes
If you were using electrodes and chemical tests to find a resting neuron, you would look for a neuron in which
potassium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outside
The polymers with the most complex and diverse three-dimensional structures are
proteins
What is the purpose of a control in an experiment?
provides a basis for comparison
The blood returning to the heart from the body enters into the __ first, and is then pumped out towards the __
right atrium; lungs
Once a week, Mary Ella goes on a 4-mile run before school. She burns 90 Calories per mile. On days that she runs, she treats herself to a chai tea (410 Calories) instead of black tea (0 calories). Assuming everything else in her diet is the same, predict how her weight will change.
she will slowly gain weight
In a reflex, the ___ receives the signal that your finger is too hot and sends the message to move the finger away from the stove. The ___ transfers the message to the finger.
spinal cord; spinal cord
Pepsin is an enzyme that digests proteins at acidic pH. Therefore, it must act in the _______.
stomach
Who discovered the field of genetics with his work on pea plants?
Gregor Mendel
What is the role of the acrosome?
Help penetrate the egg
A preparation that "teaches" the immune system to recognize a disease-causing agent without actually causing disease is termed a(n)
vaccination
Grasshoppers are an example of which type of development?
Indirect
The function of the pulmonary circuit is to circulate blood to the ___
Lungs to pick up oxygen for the body and dispose of carbon dioxide
What process is used to increase genetic variability?
Meiosis
When does independent assortment occur?
Metaphase I
What stage are secondary oocytes arrested in?
Metaphase II
What process produces primary spermatocytes?
Mitosis
What is not a type of neuron?
Muscle Neuron
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also called Lou Gehrig's disease, is a disorder in which motor neurons are destroyed. How would this disorder affect muscle function?
Muscles fail to contract because they do not receive a signal to do so.
Which polymerase is used during translation?
NONE
Which best describes how a neuron fires?
Na+ ions cross the plasma membrane initiating a wave that travels down the axon.
What are the female gonads?
Ovaries
Which receptors respond to visual stimuli?
Photoreceptors
If the sequence of a DNA template is ATAGCT, the product transcribed is a single stranded ___ molecule with the sequence _____
RNA; UAUCGA
The role of B cells in adaptive immunity is ___, versus the role of T cells in adaptive immunity is ___
the secrete antibodies in humoral immunity; to attack pathogenic cells in cell-mediated immunity
A nonsense mutation is ___ and results in ___.
Substitution of a nucleotide; early stop codon
What are the male gonads?
Testes
What is the main reason that an effective vaccine has not been produced for the HIV virus that causes AIDS?
The virus mutates rapidly, changing its outer coat.
Fill in the blank: Cell, ___, Organ, ___, Organism
Tissue; Organ System
If a female has an extra sex chromosome, then they have ___.
Triplo-X Syndrome
An organism that is homozygous dominant for all traits is considered ___.
True-Breeding
The production of a polar body in female gamete formation is due to what?
Unequal division in cytokinesis
Which is the best example of emergent properties?
Welding metal together makes an office building
Cells use energy for what?
to expel waste, to move substances across membranes, and to synthesize proteins
Most multivitamins should be taken with a meal for which reason?
to help with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
If you were trying to block an antibody that was causing an autoimmune disease in a patient, you would want to find a way to cover and inactivate the __
variable region
The process of translating multiple stimuli into electrical signals is called ____.
transduction
A molecule that stimulates an immune-system reaction by B cells and T cells is termed a(n)
antigen
The blood vessel with the thickest walls are the ______.
arteries
Patients with cardiovascular problems can be prescribed many different medications. Aspirin inhibits platelets, beta- blockers slow the heart rate, and diuretics cause the kidneys to release more water in the urine. Which drug(s) would be prescribed to a person who is at risk of forming a blood clot?
aspirin
Somatic cells contain ___ chromosomes, while sex cells contain ___ chromosomes.
autosomal and sex; autosomal and sex
Epithelial tissues are anchored via the __
basement membrane
During digestion ___ emulsifies (breaks down) fats.
bile
You are working in a diagnostic lab, and you receive a skin biopsy sample. The sample shows several groups of cancerous cells in the epithelium, so you say in your report that you found several _______.
carcinomas
Bypassing a checkpoint in the cell cycle may result in a cancer cell ______.
continuing to divide and replicate with faulty DNA.
When people with celiac disease eat foods or use products containing gluten, their immune system responds by damaging or destroying villi. Which of the following symptoms would a person with celiac disease have?
decreased absorption of nutrients
The AV node sends a signal down the __
ventricle walls
The first cell after fertilization is called a(n) ________.
zygote
