Bisc. 102 Final Exam

The monosaccharide is the monomer for which biological molecule?

Carbohydrate

If there is a nondisjunction event in Anaphase II, what would the zygotes show?

1 trisomy, 1 monosomy, 2 normal

In an individual, there is a nondisjunction event during gamete formation in Anaphase I of meiosis. What would the resulting zygotes have?

2 trisomy, 2 monosomy

If a sequence is 30% A and T, what percentage of the sequence is made up of C?

35%

What molecule holds instructions for the synthesis of proteins and copies itself for the next generation of cells?

DNA

Which of the following would make a polymer from monomers?

Dehydration Synthesis

Gray matter is compose of ___ and ___.

Dendrites; Cell Bodies

Which node makes the ventricles contract?

AV Node

In several neurological diseases, axons lose their insulating myelin sheath. What is the consequence of this loss?

Action potential transmission slows down

___ tissue is found in a minimal extracellular matrix and stores fats for energy and insulation.

Adipose

A person with type A blood cannot receive blood from a type B person. Why is this?

Antibodies will attack the foreign antigens.

Which hormones stimulate the testes to produce testosterone?

FSH & LH

In an unchanging environment, ___ reproduction is the most suitable.

Asexual

Type 1 Diabetes is associated with ___

Auto Immune Disorder

The enzyme that unwinds DNA is

gyrase

You are sorting cards with pictures of organisms and their descriptions into groups with similar organisms. You would place the card with an osprey and the description "organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms" with cards for other __

heterotrophs

If, for a study, you wanted to cause blood vessel dilation and swelling to mimic effects of innate immunity, you would want to inject __

histamine

When we break polymers into monomers we use this reaction:

hydrolysis

What would be the primary target for ADH?

kidney

What is the correct order of components of the digestive tract?

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus

At resting potential, the sodium-potassium pump is ___, sodium channel is ___, and potassium channel is ___.

open; closed; closed

When electrons are removed from a food molecule, the molecule is

oxidized

The process whereby scientists submit their research findings to be reviewed by anonymous scientists in their field is called _______ _______.

peer review

The phenotype of an individual is the ___, while the genotype is the ___.

physical characteristics; genes

If you were using electrodes and chemical tests to find a resting neuron, you would look for a neuron in which

potassium ions are more concentrated inside the cell than outside

The polymers with the most complex and diverse three-dimensional structures are

proteins

What is the purpose of a control in an experiment?

provides a basis for comparison

The blood returning to the heart from the body enters into the __ first, and is then pumped out towards the __

right atrium; lungs

Once a week, Mary Ella goes on a 4-mile run before school. She burns 90 Calories per mile. On days that she runs, she treats herself to a chai tea (410 Calories) instead of black tea (0 calories). Assuming everything else in her diet is the same, predict how her weight will change.

she will slowly gain weight

In a reflex, the ___ receives the signal that your finger is too hot and sends the message to move the finger away from the stove. The ___ transfers the message to the finger.

spinal cord; spinal cord

Pepsin is an enzyme that digests proteins at acidic pH. Therefore, it must act in the _______.

stomach

Who discovered the field of genetics with his work on pea plants?

Gregor Mendel

What is the role of the acrosome?

Help penetrate the egg

A preparation that "teaches" the immune system to recognize a disease-causing agent without actually causing disease is termed a(n)

vaccination

Grasshoppers are an example of which type of development?

Indirect

The function of the pulmonary circuit is to circulate blood to the ___

Lungs to pick up oxygen for the body and dispose of carbon dioxide

What process is used to increase genetic variability?

Meiosis

When does independent assortment occur?

Metaphase I

What stage are secondary oocytes arrested in?

Metaphase II

What process produces primary spermatocytes?

Mitosis

What is not a type of neuron?

Muscle Neuron

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also called Lou Gehrig's disease, is a disorder in which motor neurons are destroyed. How would this disorder affect muscle function?

Muscles fail to contract because they do not receive a signal to do so.

Which polymerase is used during translation?

NONE

Which best describes how a neuron fires?

Na+ ions cross the plasma membrane initiating a wave that travels down the axon.

What are the female gonads?

Ovaries

Which receptors respond to visual stimuli?

Photoreceptors

If the sequence of a DNA template is ATAGCT, the product transcribed is a single stranded ___ molecule with the sequence _____

RNA; UAUCGA

The role of B cells in adaptive immunity is ___, versus the role of T cells in adaptive immunity is ___

the secrete antibodies in humoral immunity; to attack pathogenic cells in cell-mediated immunity

A nonsense mutation is ___ and results in ___.

Substitution of a nucleotide; early stop codon

What are the male gonads?

Testes

What is the main reason that an effective vaccine has not been produced for the HIV virus that causes AIDS?

The virus mutates rapidly, changing its outer coat.

Fill in the blank: Cell, ___, Organ, ___, Organism

Tissue; Organ System

If a female has an extra sex chromosome, then they have ___.

Triplo-X Syndrome

An organism that is homozygous dominant for all traits is considered ___.

True-Breeding

The production of a polar body in female gamete formation is due to what?

Unequal division in cytokinesis

Which is the best example of emergent properties?

Welding metal together makes an office building

Cells use energy for what?

to expel waste, to move substances across membranes, and to synthesize proteins

Most multivitamins should be taken with a meal for which reason?

to help with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

If you were trying to block an antibody that was causing an autoimmune disease in a patient, you would want to find a way to cover and inactivate the __

variable region

The process of translating multiple stimuli into electrical signals is called ____.

transduction

A molecule that stimulates an immune-system reaction by B cells and T cells is termed a(n)

antigen

The blood vessel with the thickest walls are the ______.

arteries

Patients with cardiovascular problems can be prescribed many different medications. Aspirin inhibits platelets, beta- blockers slow the heart rate, and diuretics cause the kidneys to release more water in the urine. Which drug(s) would be prescribed to a person who is at risk of forming a blood clot?

aspirin

Somatic cells contain ___ chromosomes, while sex cells contain ___ chromosomes.

autosomal and sex; autosomal and sex

Epithelial tissues are anchored via the __

basement membrane

During digestion ___ emulsifies (breaks down) fats.

bile

You are working in a diagnostic lab, and you receive a skin biopsy sample. The sample shows several groups of cancerous cells in the epithelium, so you say in your report that you found several _______.

carcinomas

Bypassing a checkpoint in the cell cycle may result in a cancer cell ______.

continuing to divide and replicate with faulty DNA.

When people with celiac disease eat foods or use products containing gluten, their immune system responds by damaging or destroying villi. Which of the following symptoms would a person with celiac disease have?

decreased absorption of nutrients

The AV node sends a signal down the __

ventricle walls

The first cell after fertilization is called a(n) ________.

zygote