BKLO 48-55

Which of the following are accurate regarding how contiguity influences the acquisition of a conditioned response? (There may be more than one correct answer, choose all that are correct.) A. The closer the NS and US are paired, the more likely a CR is to develop B. The optimal InterStimulus Interval (ISI) is always 2 seconds C. The longer time period between the NS and US presentations, the more likely a CR is to develop D. There is an optimal time period between the NS and US presentation that depends on the CR being conditioned

A and D

Match the label for the method of presenting a CS and US with the correct example of that method A. A person gets stung and then sees a bee B. A person hears "fore" as they get hit by a golf ball C. A blinking light comes on and shuts off and then two seconds later the organism receives a shock D. Lauren's smart watch buzzes every 30 minutes to remind her to move E. A tone is presented immediately prior to a puff of air in the eye and is still present during the puff of air Forward or Delayed conditioning Trace conditioning Backward conditioning Simultaneous conditioning Temporal conditioning

A. Backward conditioning B. Simultaneous conditioning C. Trace conditioning D. Temporal conditioning E. Forward or Delayed conditioning

Match the method of presenting a CS and US with the label for that method A. The US is presented as set time intervals, thus time is the CS B. The CS occurs then there is a gap in time before the US C. CS and US are presented at the same time D. The CS occurs after the US E. The CS occurs immediately prior to the US and is still present during the start of the US OR when the CS terminates at onset of US Forward or Delayed conditioning Trace conditioning Backward conditioning Simultaneous conditioning Temporal conditioning

A. Temporal conditioning B. Trace conditioning C. Simultaneous conditioning D. Backward conditioning E. Forward or Delayed conditioning

Which method of presenting a CS and US is the least effective at producing a CR? A. Simultaneous conditioning B. Backward conditioning C. Trace conditioning D. Temporal conditioning E. Delay conditioning

B. Backward conditioning

Dr. Ge wants to design a classical conditioning paradigm that is highly likely to succeed. What would you recommend? A. Have the CS and US paired as close temporally as possible B. Make the CS the most predictive stimuli for the US C. Use the typical intensity of the US in real-life D. Use multiple NS (potential CS) that are paired with the US

B. Make the CS the most predictive stimuli for the US

The strength of a conditioned response will be more intense if: A. The US is presented before the NS B. The US is very intense C. The US is a long duration

B. The US is very intense

Which of the following is true regarding the intensity of the CS? A. The less intense the CS is, the stronger the CR. B. The intensity of the CS only impacts the strength of the CR if the organism experienced both low and high intensity versions of the same CS. C. The more intense a CS is, the stronger the CR.

B. The intensity of the CS only impacts the strength of the CR if the organism experienced both low and high intensity versions of the same CS.

The ideal Interstimulus Interval... A. Is between 30 and 60 seconds B. Varies by UCR C. Is about .5 milliseconds D. Is between 2 and 4 seconds

B. Varies by UCR

Which of the following are accurate regarding how the intensity of the CS influences the strength of a conditioned response? (There may be more than one correct answer, choose all that are correct.) A. If an organism experiences both less intense and more intense versions of the same CS, they will show a stronger CR to the less intense CS. B. A more intense CS always leads to a stronger CR than a less intense CS C. If an organism experiences both less intense and more intense versions of the same CS, they will show a stronger CR to the more intense CS. D. If an organism does not experience more than one version of intensity of a CS, it does not show major differences in the strength of the CR.

C and D

Despite being dangerous, animals (including humans) do not become conditioned to fear guns as easily as snakes. Why? A. Snakes are more salient than guns B. Snakes are more intense stimuli than guns C. Animals are evolutionarily predisposed to fear snakes D. Guns are conditioned to be irrelevant stimuli

C. Animals are evolutionarily predisposed to fear snakes

The optimal CS-US interval (the ISI) refers to the time __________ that is most favorable for the classical conditioning of a response. A. between the end of the CS and the end of the US B. between the start of the CS and the end of the US C. between the start of the CS and the start of the US D. between successive CS-US pairings

C. between the start of the CS and the start of the US

Mohammed developed a taste aversion to raspberries after he had a bowl of raspberries. Why did he not develop a taste aversion to bowls? A. The bowl was not present during conditioning B. Bowls cannot become CS C. The bowl was present with the raspberries and raspberries are more salient for taste aversion conditioning.

C. he bowl was present with the raspberries and raspberries are more salient for taste aversion conditioning.

Which method of presenting a CS and US is the most effective at producing a CR? A. Backward conditioning B. Trace conditioning C. Temporal conditioning D. Simultaneous conditioning E. Delay conditioning

E. Delay conditioning

The more intense a US, the weaker the CR. True False

False

If a potential CS is redundant with another CS (they are both present together simultaneously), it will not be conditioned to produce the CR. True False

True

Which of the following are accurate regarding how the predictiveness of the CS influences the acquisition of a conditioned response? (There may be more than one correct answer, choose all that are correct.) A. If the NS is sometimes presented without the US, it will hamper acquiring the CR or dampen the CR. B. When the NS is presented on its own as well as with the US, the more frequently they are paired, the more acquisition of the CR. C. If the NS is present on equal or less trials as the US, the CR will not develop because the NS has to predict the US in order for the CR to be developed. D. The NS that most reliably predicts the US will be conditioned to produce the CR.

all of the above

Which of the following are accurate regarding how the salience of the CS influences the acquisition of a conditioned response? (There may be more than one correct answer, choose all that are correct.) A. Evolutionary preparedness makes the NS more salient during pairings with the relevant US. B. NS that are not salient will have a harder time (or impossible time) becoming CS. C. The more salient the NS is, the more rapidly it will become a CS. D. Some neutral stimuli are evolutionarily predisposed to become CS if they are paired with the relevant US. E. Most stimuli are neither salient nor not salient, they just gradually become CS if paired with US in the right manner and enough times.

all of the above