Block 10 Ch. 27, 28, 29 , 30, 36

A patient has been stabbed with a knife at the fifth intercostal space on the right side of the chest. Assessment reveals him to be short of breath and coughing. What is most important for the EMT to ask regarding the weapon?

"How long was the knife?"

A 51-year-old female patient tripped in the kitchen and fell against a deep fryer, splashing hot oil onto her right arm. Assessment reveals partial and deep thickness burns to her arm. It is estimated that the burn covers two percent of her body. What statement, made by the patient, reveals the most important information in determining the overall severity of the burn?

"I have been a diabetic for several years."

What statement would best suggest that a patient may be in the early stages of an allergic reaction?

"I suddenly feel like there is a lump in my throat"

You are having a difficult time controlling bleeding from a small skin avulsion to a patient's ankle. What statement made by the patient best explains why control has been difficult to achieve?

"I take Coumadin for my irregular heartbeat."

A patient fell and has a headache. Which one of the following patient statements should be of most concern to the EMT? "I had my thyroid gland removed." "I had my appendix removed two weeks ago." "I forgot to take my multi-vitamins today." "I take the blood thinner Coumadin."

"I take the blood thinner Coumadin."

A 32-week pregnant female who was involved in a motor vehicle collision is currently immobilized to the long spine board. Which one of her following statements should concern the EMT most?

"I think that I just had a contraction."

What statement made by the EMT shows an understanding of bandaging an open wound?

"I use bandaging material to secure a dressing in place."

What statement describes the best way to determine the severity of a patients blood loss?

"I use the patients signs and symptoms to determine the patients blood loss."

What statement shows that the EMT understands the palm method of estimating the BSA burned?

"I used the patient's palm to estimate the size of the burn area."

You are managing a patient with a dislocated elbow following a fall from a skateboard. The patient asks you why you need to immobilize it when he could just​ "hold it​ still" during transport in the ambulance. What would be the​ Paramedic's BEST​ response?

"Immobilization will help keep the bone ends still to minimize the damage to the nerves and blood​ vessels, and it should help ease the​ pain."

You are by the side of an 88-year-old male who fell. He has a hematoma to his forehead as well as deformity to his left forearm. His daughter informs you that he has severe dementia and she cares for him at home. As you assess him, he continually screams out, "Mary, help me. I need help!" At this time, what question is most appropriate to ask the daughter?

"Is this how he normally is?"

A male patient was injured when a steam valve opened, causing hot steam to contact his face. What statement made by the patient would be of most concern to the EMT and require immediate assessment or treatment?

"It is sort of hard to breathe."

A 24-year-old man was shocked while working on his house's electrical system. Assessment reveals him to have a minor burn to the fingers on his left hand. Aside from being slightly shaky, he states he feels fine and does not see the need to be treated further or transported to the hospital. What statement should you make to him before allowing him to refuse additional care and transport?

"It would be best to let the emergency physician check you out. Electrical shocks can damage the heart."

A 29 year old male was cutting limbs from a tree when he lost his footing and fell approximately 20 feet. He is unresponsive and breathing shallowly at 28 times per minute. His radial pulse is weak and thready and his skin is cool to the touch. EMRs have placed him on a nonrebreather face mask and are holding manual in line stabilization. Based on these assessment findings, what instructions should you provide to the EMRs?

"Let's take off the oxygen mask and start positive pressure ventilation to assist his breathing."

Which statement made by an EMT shows that he understands the major cause of death in the prehospital setting for a burn patient?

"Most burn patients who die before getting to the hospital die of airway or bleeding problems, not the burn itself."

Your patient has an injury to the elbow and forearm. While you are conducting the reassessment, which one of the following statements made by the patient should concern you most?

"My hand feels like it is going to sleep."

While riding a bike, a young boy fell onto a stick protruding from the ground. The stick impaled him in the neck. The boy immediately pulled the stick out and ran home, where his mother called 911. Assessment reveals a gaping wound to the right neck. All hemorrhage has clotted off and manual in line spinal stabilization is being maintained. What instructions should you provide to the other EMT's on scene?

"Place an occlusive dressing over the wound and tape on all four sides."

A female who had hot coffee thrown at her has a superficial burn to the right side of her face. After transferring the patient to the hospital emergency department for continued care, a new EMT asks you if the patient will have a permanent scar on her face. What would be the best reply?

"Since only the outer layer of skin was burned, there is little chance of scarring."

What statement shows an understanding of the EMT's prehospital role in caring for the patient in shock?

"Since shock is best treated in the hospital, the EMT should provide care to maintain perfusion to the vital organs and transport."

What statement shows that an EMT understands field care of a patient with a possible joint dislocation?

"The care for a patient with a joint injury is identical to that of a fracture."

A patient, who is coughing, has sustained a superficial burn to the chest, arms, and face after pouring gasoline on a smoldering campfire. Which one of the following statements indicates that the EMT is properly caring for him?

"Throughout transport, I am going to listen to your lungs quite frequently."

You are assessing an 86-year-old male who has fallen down a flight of stairs after getting out of bed to use the bathroom. He is complaining of severe head, neck, and back pain. Which one of the following questions is most appropriate to ask this patient?

"What caused you to fall?"

You are caring for a crying 30-month-old male who fell 16 feet from a second-story window, landing on a patch of soft dirt and leaves. He is alert and oriented and complaining of left shoulder and arm pain. What instruction would you give to the team of EMS providers caring for this individual?

"Whatever we do, lets make sure his SpO 2 is greater than 94%."

Which one of the following statements shows an understanding of shock caused by internal bleeding:

"You should always suspect internal bleeding in a patient with the signs and symptoms of shock but no external bleeding."

You have assisted an adult patient with his epinephrine auto-injector. When giving a report to the emergency department nurse, you should inform her that __________ mg of epinephrine was administered?

0.30

What height should a fall be considered a significant mechanism of injury for a​ child?

10 feet or twice the​ patient's height

Because patients benefit from rapid transport to a trauma​ center, it is important to limit time spent on scene​ to:

10 minutes

What is the correct percentage of body surface area of an entire leg according to the pediatric modifications for the rule of​ nines?

14%

When applying the rule of nines to a 10-month-old child, the EMT should recognize that the head of a child is considered to be _____ of the total body.

18%

Superficial burns are _________ degree burns and involves the ________ layer(s) of the skin.

1st degree, epidermis

Superficial burn S/S:

1st degree: Red skin Pain at site Tenderness NO blisters

Which one of the following patients should the EMT recognize as suffering the most critical burn?

22-year-old with a partial-thickness burn to the right hand

A burn patient has full thickness burns to the fronts of both legs and the entire left arm. The front of the patient's right arm has superficial thickness burns. Using the rule of nines, the EMT should estimate what percentage of the patient's body has been burned?

27%

Deep partial thickness burn S/S:

2nd degree -red to white; moderate edema -severe pain (bc hitting vascular nerve area) -thick walled blisters, shiny and wet -beyond surface but not beyond tissues

Partial-Thickness burns are _________ degree burns and involves the ________ layer(s) of the skin.

2nd degree, epidermis & dermis

Superficial partial-thickness burns S/S:

2nd degree: Thin-walled blisters Red & weeping(moist) skin Tender to touch Can be intense pain

What age should a pediatric patient be before blood pressures are routinely​ utilized?

3 years old

Full-thickness burns S/S:

3rd degree - Leathery appearance - Charring, dark brown or white - Skin hard to the touch - No pain - Pain at periphery of burn

Full-thickness burns are _________ degree burns and involves the ________ layer(s) of the skin.

3rd degree, all the layers of the skin

For which patient would the palm method be best to estimate the body surface area affected by a burn?

49-year-old with a partial thickness burn to the inner thigh

After maternal​ trauma, how much higher are fetal death rates than maternal death​ rates?

9 times higher

Two cars have collided head on. One car was traveling 55 mph and the other 35 mph. The total speed of impact would be:

90 mph

An injury that would be sustained from blunt soft tissue trauma that is commonly called a bruise is known as​ what, and how is it​ managed?

​Contusion; application of cold

You observe a traumatically injured 3-year-old female immobilized to a long spine board with no padding behind the neck, shoulders, or back. Which one of the following is the issue of most concern with this oversight?

Airway compromise

When treating the seriously injured multi-system trauma​ patient, the quickest and MOST effective method to address skeletal system fractures is​ to:

Align the limbs and secure the entire patient to the long board.

Which procedure is appropriate in treating the critical multisystem trauma​ patient?

All suspected fractures should be secured with a backboard.

When treating a pregnant female involved in a traumatic event, the EMT must remember:

An elevated heart rate seen in shock may not be observed due to increased blood volume.

A male patient with a loop of intestine protruding from an open wound is suffering from:

An evisceration injury

What is the most severe form of an allergic reaction called?

Anaphylaxis

The three types of impacts associated with motorcycle collisions are​ head-on, ejection,​ and:

Angular

When caring for the victim of a motor vehicle​ collision, the EMT should suspect critical injuries if there​ was:

Another occupant was killed

A 67-year-old female complains of severe left lower leg pain. She states that she was walking across the room when she suddenly heard a "crack" and felt excruciating pain in her leg. Her left tibia appears to be deformed and ecchymotic, as well as tender on palpation. Her vital signs are: pulse 96, respirations 28, blood pressure 168/74, and SpO 2 98%. Additionally, she states that her doctor told her that the steroids she takes can weaken her bones, placing her at greater risk for fractures. Appropriate care for this patient would include:

Application of a splint to the leg

You have made the decision that you will need to apply a tourniquet to the​ patient's left​ arm, because he accidentally amputated his wrist with a circular saw while cutting planks for a building project. The placement of the tourniquet should be:

Applied proximal to the wound but not over a joint.

Once a dressing is applied to a wound, you should:

Apply a bandage

You are called for a patient who had a cesarean section several days ago. Today she bent over and tore the surgical incision open. There is a moderate amount of bleeding coming from the site. What should the EMT do to control the bleeding?

Apply a large dressing over the incision

Firefighters have pulled a middle-age male from a burning bedroom. The patient is unresponsive and has obvious deformity to his left ankle. His respirations are rapid, stridorous and shallow. Your partner inserts an oropharyngeal airway and begins ventilating the patient with a bag-valve-mask. Which one of the following actions would you perform next?

Assess the patient's carotid pulse

Assessment findings of a driver who was ejected from his vehicle in a rollover type collision include unresponsiveness and bruising to the abdominal and pelvic areas along with an open femur fracture. The patient has an open airway and is breathing at 32 times per minute. The skin is cool and clammy and the radial pulses are weak. Manual in line spinal stabilization is being maintained. What would be the EMT's initial intervention?

Assist respirations

Assessment findings of a driver who was ejected from his vehicle in a rollover-type collision include unresponsiveness and bruising to the abdominal and pelvic areas along with an open femur fracture. The patient has an open airway and is breathing at 32 times per minute. The skin is cool and clammy and the radial pulses are weak. Manual in-line spinal stabilization is being maintained. What should be the EMT's initial intervention?

Assist respirations

When performing your scene​ size-up and initial assessment of a patient with an open soft tissue​ injury, remember:

Assuring an open airway and verifying breathing should be done immediately after severe external bleeding is controlled.

Bleeding from the​ nose, ears, or mouth is a cause for concern. Keep in mind​ that:

Attempting to stop bleeding from the ears if the patient has a head injury could increase pressure inside the skull.

Which diagnosis would alert the EMT that the patient may have a communication​ disability?

Autism

Your patient was slashed with a knife and has a flap of skin hanging from his arm. This is known as​ a(n):

Avulsion

You are treating a​ 22-year-old male who slipped running down the stairs in a factory and has injured his right tibia and fibula. The bones are through the skin and his lower leg is severely deformed. There is NO distal pulse or motor function. He denies any other injuries. What should you​ do?

Call for ALS prior to any movement.

Your​ 14-year-old male patient has fallen off his bike and scraped his arm. The bleeding is dark red and slowly oozing. This type of bleeding is usually from​ damaged:

Capillaries

If a patient has multiple breaks on their leg, what treatment should be used to stabilize and immobilize the leg?

Cardboard splint

When caring for a patient with a possible fracture of the scapula, the EMT should:

Carefully assess the patient for breathing problems.

What is proper care for a patient who has suffered a partial thickness burn to the hand?

Carefully remove rings and any other jewelry prior to applying a dry sterile dressing.

A bullet fired from a gun at close range passes through the patient's liver. However, on autopsy, the coroner discovers that the man's pancreas, stomach, and gall bladder were also injured, even though not in direct contact with the bullet. As a knowledgeable EMT, you would recognize that _________ is responsible for injury to these additional organs.

Cavitation

A bullet fired from a gun at close range passes through the patient's liver. However, on autopsy, the coroner discovers that the man's pancreas, stomach, and gall bladder were also injured, even though not in direct contact with the bullet. As a knowledgeable EMT, you would recognize that which of the following is responsible for injury to these additional organs? Drag force Blunt injury Profile impact Cavitation

Cavitation

As a​ high-speed projectile enters the​ body, it can create a pressure wave that causes additional damage. This is called:

Cavitation

In multi-system trauma​ patients, what body systems will likely require your initial attention as part of shock trauma​ care?

Central nervous​ system, respiratory​ system, and cardiovascular system

An alert and oriented 22-year-old male has fallen off a tractor and is complaining of pain to his right leg. As you quickly scan the patient, you note deformity to the tibia-fibula area of the lower extremity. After conducting the primary assessment and manually stabilizing the leg, what action should the EMT take?

Check for a pedal pulse

A patient has a burn that completely encircles his right forearm and upper arm. After performing the primary assessment, the EMT's next action should be to:

Check for motor, sensory, and pulse (CMS) in the right upper extremity.

Your patient is a diabetic male who spilled a pot of hot water on himself while he was cooking. He has a partial thickness burn of the right anterior leg. He is awake but confused. Following the primary survey, what action is the highest priority?

Checking the patient's blood glucose level.

The EMT is correctly assessing a 2-year-old male who is unresponsive after being assaulted by the mother's live-in boyfriend when he:

Checks capillary refill time to help determine perfusion

The MOST commonly fractured bone(s) in the body is the:

Clavicle

Describe venous bleeding

Comes from a vein, dark red, steady flow

Describe arterial bleeding

Comes from an artery, bright red, spurts with heart beat, and is hard to control

When assessing a patient with a possible fracture of the leg, the EMT should:

Compare it to the uninjured leg

The statement, "It describes swelling in the tissues that can result in the loss of an extremity" is about:

Compartment syndrome

When assessing your trauma patient you note that they are complaining of​ pain, paresthesia, and pressure in their lower right leg. Upon your​ examination, you note that their lower right leg is pale and does NOT have a pulse. These findings are indicative​ of:

Compartment syndrome

When pressure in the space around the capillaries exceeds the pressure needed to perfuse the​ cells, _____​ _____ occurs.

Compartment syndrome

You have a patient with a closed fracture of the femur. During​ assessment, you note that the femoral area is very distended with taught skin overlying the injury. The patient states that he has NO feeling distal to the injury​ site, and the distal pulse is absent. In addition to the fractured​ femur, what other type of condition may​ exist?

Compartment syndrome

An 85-year-old male with a history of an irregular heartbeat, diabetes, renal failure, and stroke fell getting out of bed, striking his head on the nightstand. He is alert and oriented and denies complaint. Vital signs are all within normal limits. There is a minor abrasion on his forehead, but he denies any associated pain or headache. Which of the following should be your priority?

Determining if he takes blood thinners for the irregular heartbeat

Why is there a larger concern for a burn patient with diabetes?

Diabetics have a harder time healing, causing them to be more prone or susceptible to infections

Why would the patient experiencing an allergic reaction tell you that it is easier to breathe following administration of epinephrine?

Dilation of the bronchioles

An injury that occurs at the force of impact is caused by:

Direct force

Colliding with the internal components of a car during a motor vehicle collision may result in a fracture caused​ by:

Direct force

What are the steps, in order of preference, for controlling bleeding?

Direct​ pressure, pressure​ dressing, and tourniquets

The disruption of a joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contact is called a:

Dislocation

What musculoskeletal injury would MOST likely result in deformity?

Displace fracture

A supracondylar or intercondylar fracture is also known as a fracture of the:

Distal humerus

A patient who is severely short of breath and covered with hives states that she is allergic to crab but tried some crab dip 10 minutes ago. What should the EMT ask first?

Do you have an epinephrine auto-injector?

Emergency Medical Responders have removed an intoxicated and confused patient from a car that struck another car at a high rate of speed. The patient was unrestrained and his car did not have airbags. Assessment reveals deformity bilaterally to the hips and femurs and bruising to the knees. Based on this injury pattern, the EMT would recognize what type of injury mechanism?

Down and under

A fracture is MOST accurately defined as a

Break in the continuity of a bone

While responding to a domestic emergency with possible injuries, the dispatcher informs you that the police on scene report a male patient knife cut and arterial bleeding. Given this information, what would you expect to see?

Bright red blood that is spurting with each beat of the heart

You have been called for a patient who had a large bag of lime powder tear as he was unloading it from a truck. On arrival you notice that the patient is wearing shorts and has lime dust covering both lower legs. He is complaining of leg pain from the chemical powder. What should be the EMT's next immediate action?

Brush as much of the lime off his legs as possible.

A worker is carrying a bag of lime on a construction site. The bag breaks covering his clothes and exposed legs. What would be the treatment?

Brush off as much of the lime powder of the legs and body. Then pour copious amounts of water over the legs to wash the chemical away.

Your patient is a 27-year-old male who fell down a full flight of stairs while escaping his burning apartment. What finding should be your most immediate concern?

Burns on the face

Your patient is a 27-year-old male who fell down a full flight of stairs while escaping his burning apartment. Which one of the following findings should be your most immediate concern? Select one: a. Tenderness to the right upper abdominal quadrant b. Deformity of the left wrist c. Full thickness burn on the hands d. Burns on the face

Burns on the face

Which one of the following best describes a topical hemostatic agent?

Dressing especially designed to stop bleeding.

A brutal knife fight occurred leaving one patient with an abdominal evisceration. What treatment should an EMT perform?

Dressing the abdominal evisceration with a moist dressing, then covering the dressing and organs as best as possible with an occlusive dressing, taping it down on all 4 sides.

Which one of the following assessment findings would best indicate that a patient has suffered a full thickness burn to his leg?

Dry skin with little pain

You have a multisystem trauma patient. They have a penetrating chest wound and a broken arm. During which assessment should the broken arm be tended to?

During the second assessment

A patient, who has suffered blood loss after being shot, is alert and anxious, pulse 96, BP 134/88 mmHg, pale and cool skin. These are s/s of what?

Early stages of shock

When assessing a patient, you note a bruise to his chest. On the prehospital care report, the discoloration due to this injury is properly documented as:

Ecchymosis

What patient population would be MOST likely to have severe bleeding from open soft tissue​ trauma?

Elderly

Lightning is classified as what type of burn?

Electrical, 4th degree burn

During your ongoing assessment of a patient with a bone or joint injury while en route to the​ hospital, be sure​ to:

Elevate the extremity if spinal injury is not suspected.

The EMT's initial concern when treating a patient with a gunshot wound to the chest is:

Ensure an open airway

Of the following​ choices, the FIRST principle of out of hospital trauma care​ is:

Ensuring rescuer/EMT safety

In approaching the scene of a multisystem​ trauma, what is your first​ consideration?

Ensuring the safety of the EMS​ personnel, patients, and bystanders

A fair-skinned patient was exposed to the sun and has a painful superficial thickness burn to her upper back. As a knowledgeable EMT, you would recognize that the ________ layer(s) of the skin has been affected.

Epidermal

What are the layers of the skin?

Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous

The EMT shows he understands the use of an epinephrine auto-injector for treating a patient with an anaphylactic reaction when he makes what statement?

Epinephrine administered through an auto-injector can be used for all severe allergic reactions, regardless of the cause.

In dealing with the victim of multisystem​ trauma, which item should receive your initial​ attention?

Establishing a patent airway

A patient has suffered an open crush injury to his elbow. As you approach, you note the patient sitting upright holding a towel to his elbow. Although the towel is soaked with blood, the elbow does not appear to be actively bleeding. Your first action in caring for this patient should be to:

Evaluate the patient's airway

As part of your service to the community, you are certified as a car seat specialist and provide monthly classes on the safe transport of infants and children. Several cars pulled into your station and asked you to look at their car seats. What car seat position would indicate that the parent is safely transporting his or her infant (less than one year old)?

Facing backward in the back seat in a reclined position.

The MOST common causes of trauma resulting in activation of the EMS system​ are:

Falls

The EMT is correctly assessing the perfusion status of a 10-month-old when she:

Feel for brachial pulse

Common locations where dislocations may occur include each of the​ following, EXCEPT: A. Elbow B. Knee C. Acromioclavicular joint D. Femur

Femur

Traction splints are used primarily to immobilize and secure fractures of the:

Femur

Fractures to these areas are considered critical injuries due to the associated risk of serious bleeding:

Femur and pelvis

Your patient has a severe angulated femur fracture. On your initial assessment of the injured​ site, you note that the patient has diminished sensation in the lower extremity​ (foot) and weak pulses. The patient is in extreme pain and screaming loudly. You apply manual traction to the leg and straighten the injured leg out as much as you can. The patient notes some relief with this maneuver. Just prior to placing the​ hare-traction splint, your partner notes that the patient has NO feeling in their toes and the dorsal pulse has disappeared. Your NEXT action should be​ to:

Finish applying the traction splint as that will free your hands up.

External venous hemorrhage can almost always​ be, and is preferred to​ be, controlled​ by:

Firmly bandaging a dressing in place

A burn patient has blisters to his left arm. The EMT should recognize that:

Fluid has collected between the layers of skin.

A student in a science lab has had an unknown chemical splashed into her eye. After assessing the airway, breathing, and circulation, the EMT should immediately:

Flush the eye with copious amounts of tap water

A patient with diagnosed osteoporosis is more likely to sustain which of the following injuries?

Fracture

A 23-year-old roofer has fallen 20 feet from the roof of a house into shrubs below. Aside from superficial abrasions and complaint of soreness, you detect no obvious injuries. Consequently, the patient states that as long as his legs are not broken, he does not see the need to go to the hospital. As a knowledgeable EMT, your best response would be:

From a fall of this height, you may have hurt some internal organs. You really need to be examined.

What best describes the goal of a trauma system?

Getting the right patient to the right facility in the right amount of time.

The ultimate goal for a multi-system trauma patient by EMS providers​ is:

Getting them to surgery

Which of the following is a high-velocity wounds that carries the greatest risk for death when considering the concept of cavitation? Stab wound to the liver Shotgun wound to the lung Gunshot wound to the stomach Gunshot wound to the spleen

Gunshot wound to the spleen

Which one of the following is a high-velocity wound that carries the greatest risk for death when considering the concept of cavitation?

Gunshot wound to the spleen

During an​ accident, when the​ vehicle's airbag​ deploys, it can cause injuries to​ the:

Head

Rule of 9's

Head and neck = 9% Upper Ex = 9% each Lower Ex = 9% each Front trunk = 18% Back trunk = 18%

What type of motorcycle impact results in the rider traveling into the​ handlebars?

Head-on

You are called for an 8 year old boy who has fallen. On scene the boy's mother states that he was running while flying a kite and tripped, striking his face on a rock. Assessment reveals a large reddish-blue lump with intact skin under his left eye. When alerting the hospital emergency department of your arrival, you should inform them that the patient has what type of injury?

Hematoma

Cavitation is a term that is typically associated with which type of​ trauma?

High-velocity penetrating trauma

A panicked and anxious patient informs you that he is allergic to peanuts and thinks he may have accidentally eaten some. He states that the last time he ate peanuts he needed to have a "tube put in his throat" and almost died. When assessing the patient, what symptoms would best indicate that the patient is having an allergic reaction?

Hives on his chest.

A patient has been stung by a bee. What finding would be present in anaphylaxis, but not in a mild allergic reaction?

Hypotension

A patient rescued from an apartment fire has sustained partial- and full-thickness burns from his chest down to his feet. The EMT should recognize that this patient is prone to develop:

Hypothermia

In which of the following situations should the EMT splint an injured limb in the position of deformity?

If resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain

What statement indicates that the EMT understands airway management in a patient suffering a severe allergic reaction?

If we have to provide positive pressure ventilation, it may be difficult to pass air through the swollen tissues.

Which of the following injuries is most serious, warranting immediate and rapid transport to the hospital? Select one: a. Large, deep laceration to the arm with bleeding controlled b. Instability and crepitus to the left lateral chest wall c. Deformity to the right ankle with pain rated as a 10/10 d. Open fracture to the left lower leg

Instability and crepitus to the left lateral chest wall

You have been called for a 44-year-old male who was burned on the right hand and arm after falling against the hot door of an industrial incinerator. As you arrive on the scene, a nurse employed by the company informs you that he sustained a partial thickness burn. Based on this information, the EMT should expect what characteristics at the burn site?

Intense pain and blister formation

In MOST of the patients with serious​ life-threatening trauma, the​ life-threatening injury is​ typically:

Internal

The rapid secondary assessment of a male patient who was ejected from a motorcycle indicates instability and pain on palpation to the pelvic area. What is the EMT's primary concern related to this injury?

Internal blood loss

What is a true statement about crash injuries?

Internal organs can actually rupture if a severe crush injury is sustained.

You are caring for a male patient who was in an auto accident. The patient has a diminished mental​ status, he is tachycardic and​ diaphoretic, his skin is​ pale, and he is breathing fast. You are looking for external bleeding but find none. Where else may this patient be actively​ bleeding?

Into the thorax (chest)

You are transporting a patient who was shocked by an electrical current while installing a residential electrical service panel. He has partial-thickness burns to the hand and foot where the electricity entered and exited his body respectively. During the reassessment, what sign or symptom would be of most concern to the EMT?

Irregular heartbeat

What is the main concern for a splint that is applied too​ loosely?

It could allow the bone fragments to move which could cause further damage.

Which of the following statements regarding striated muscle is correct?

It forms the major muscle mass of the body and usually crosses at least one joint.

What is one of the functions of the skin?

It is a barrier against environmental hazards, like bacteria

What is cavitation?

It is a phenomenon in which speed causes a bullet to generate pressure waves, which cause damage distant from the bullets path. Exit wound is larger than the entry wound.

When a person falls on outstretched​ arms, why is the clavicle often the bone that​ fractures?

It is the smallest​ weight-bearing bone along the transmission pathway.

What purpose does a lap belt serve in an automobile restraint​ system?

It prevents ejection

A patient informs you that he found out he is allergic to certain molds and was prescribed an epinephrine auto-injector. He asks you how the epinephrine will help him the next time he is exposed to mold. What would be an appropriate response?

It will cause the blood vessels to constrict and increase your blood pressure.

What type of energy is stored in a moving​ body?

Kinetic

The branch of mechanics that deals with the movements of bodies is called:

Kinetics

For the EMT to achieve the best results when assisting the epinephrine, the medication should be placed into:

Muscle

Your​ patient's severe amputational bleeding has NOT responded to the standard interventions. As a last​ resort, you apply a tourniquet to the extremity. How often should you loosen the tourniquet to check for continued​ bleeding?

Never

A 54 year old male patient was involved in a car crash. Window glass has caused an open wound to his upper neck. What is the best for this injury?

Occlusive dressing

The secondary assessment of a patient complaining of right leg pain after falling down several stairs reveals a break in the skin where a fractured tibia bone broke through and then retreated back into the leg. The EMT should recognize this as what type of injury?

Open fracture

Soft tissue wounds of the skin are classified​ as:

Open or closed

An unrestrained driver of a car that has struck a tree at 45 mph has suffered a contusion (bruise) to his heart. The EMT would recognize that this injury occurred during which impact of the collision?

Organ collision

In the typical motor vehicle​ crash, there are actually three impacts. When responding to a motor vehicle​ crash, remember that​:

Organ collision occurs when the​ occupant's internal organs move forward and strike the inside of the​ skull, chest, or abdomen.

Which condition is MOST likely going to have a non-traumatic bone fracture associated with​ it?

Osteoporosis

You believe that a patient who has been shot in the lower abdomen is bleeding internally and is in an early stage of shock. Which one of the following shows appropriate prehospital care of this patient?

Oxygen therapy and rapid transport to the hospital

You have a patient with a suspected​ open-book fracture of the pelvis. The patient is in severe pain and is hypotensive and tachycardic. Which of the following treatment guidelines is MOST appropriate for this​ patient?

Oxygen, apply pelvic immobilization device and backboard the​ patient, transport to a trauma center

For patients suffering from osteoporosis or kyphosis, what must an EMT remember for transport?

Pad any gaps and move carefully

A patient was burned when he accidentally ignited gasoline while working on his car. When performing the secondary assessment, what finding would indicate that the patient has suffered a partial thickness burn?

Painful skin that is moist and contains blisters to the abdomen

A patient was burned when he accidentally ignited gasoline while working on his car. When performing the secondary assessment, what findings would indicate that the patient has suffered a partial thickness burn?

Painful skin that is moist and contains blisters to the abdomen

The tingling feeling that is one of the symptoms of a long bone injury is​ called:

Paresthesia

What is a unique finding found in compartment syndrome as a result of compression damage to the nerves and vascular supply in the femoral​ region?

Paresthesia between the medial toes

A 21-year-old male has experienced a severe burn to the left leg while working on an industrial furnace. His coworkers immediately douse his flaming pants and remove them. Your primary assessment reveals no threats to the airway, breathing, or circulation. When conducting the secondary assessment of the leg, what finding would be the most critical?

Partial thickness burn completely encircles the knee.

What musculoskeletal injury would pose the greatest threat to a patient's life?

Pelvic fracture with hypotension

Your patient is a 48-year-old male who is in shock from injuries sustained in a motor-vehicle collision. Which one of the following assessment findings is an indication for the use of the pneumatic anti-shock garment (PASG)?

Pelvic instability with a BP of 78/48 mmHg

An unresponsive 10-year-old male was struck by a car while riding his bike. He has blood on his face and presents with snoring respirations. Respirations are approximately 10 per minute, with cyanosis noted to his extremities. Manual in-line spinal stabilization is being held by Emergency Medical Responders. Which one of the following should you do next?

Perform a jaw-thrust maneuver.

While cleaning a gun, a 44 year old man accidentally shot himself in the abdomen. On arrival the patient is responsive to painful stiumuli and lying on his side with his legs drawn to his chest. Blood is evident on his shirt and pants. What is the correct sequence of events for caring for this patient?

Perform the primary assessment, administer high-flow oxygen, perform the secondary assessment, transfer to the stretcher, and provide rapid transport.

While cleaning a gun, a 44-year-old man accidentally shot himself in the abdomen. On arrival the patient is responsive to painful stimuli and lying on his side with his legs drawn to his chest. Blood is evident on his shirt and pants. What is the correct sequence of events for caring for this patient?

Perform the primary assessment, administer high-flow oxygen, perform the secondary assessment, transfer to the stretcher, and provide rapid transport.

If your patient stepped into a pothole and has a painful swollen deformed​ ankle, an ideal splint to use would be​ a/an:

Pillow splint

How should bleeding from the ear be managed in the patient with a traumatic head​ injury?

Place a dressing around the ear, but do not apply pressure

The EMT is by the side of a young female who was cut while washing dishes. she has a jagged laceration to her left forearm that is bleeding steadily and heavily. when attempting to control the bleeding, the EMT should first:

Place a large sterile dressing over the site with hand pressure applied over top of the dressing.

A young male was riding a motorcycle when he lost control and was ejected. the patient is unresponsive and receiving positive pressure ventilation. The rapid secondary assessment reveals bright blood flowing from both nostrils. Management of this bleeding would include what intervention?

Place a loose dressing under the nose.

An 81-year-old woman with severe kyphosis and osteoporosis has fallen and is complaining of neck pain as well as nausea. Given the patient's past medical history, which one of the following is most appropriate?

Place her in a supine position on the long board and pad all voids

Your patient sustained an injury which amputated his left foot. What is NOT an appropriate step in treatment of this type of​ injury?

Place the foot directly into a cooler full of ice.

Which of the following would be the preferred method for splinting a pelvic​ fracture?

Pneumatic Anti-Shock Garment (PASG)

The MOST reliable indicator of an underlying fracture is:

Point tenderness

S/S of internal bleeding​ include:

Poor peripheral perfusion

Crepitus and false motion are

Positive indicators of a fracture.

A 45-year-old female was the unrestrained passenger of a small car that rear-ended another vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. She is conscious and alert, but complains of pain to both of her knees. There is visible damage to the dashboard on the passenger's side of the vehicle. In addition to fractures or dislocations of the knees, you should be MOST suspicious for:

Posterior hip dislocation

An industrial worker has sustained a partial and full thickness burn to his right hand after accidentally touching an electric furnace used to incinerate medical waste. Assessment reveals no threats the airway, breathing, or circulation. What would be the EMT's next most appropriate action?

Pour cool saline water on the hand.

The MOST common problem caused by maternal trauma​ is:

Premature contractions

According to the pediatric assessment​ triangle, what is used to assess the work of​ breathing?

Presence of​ grunting, stridor,​ wheezing, crowing

In a​ foot-first fall, flexing (bending) of the knees can result​ in:

Preservation of the rest of the skeletal system.

The primary purpose for splinting a musculoskeletal injury is to:

Prevent further injury

A small metal rod was shot from a metal lathe and is impaled in a man's inner thigh. Assessment indicates that there is no active bleeding from the site, but the surrounding tissues are ecchymotic. The paramedic asks you to stabilize the rod with bulky dressings. You recognize this action as important because it will:

Prevent motion of the rod and further internal injury.

Injuries that result from the pressure wave of the blast​ are:

Primary phase injuries

You are providing bag valve mask ventilations to a patient in anaphylactic shock. There is increasing resistance to ventilation, despite using proper technique. What is the best way to address this situation?

Provide cricoid pressure and occlude the pop-off valve on the bag-mask.

A patient has been pulled from a house fire. Assessment reveals him to be lethargic with stridorous respirations and a rapid but strong radial pulse. Firefighters are dousing his body with water to cool him. What actions should the EMT perform immediately?

Provide positive pressure ventilation with a bag-valve mask.

A young man riding a motorcycle was hit head on and ejected from the bike. Your scene size-up reveals him to be lying supine in the roadway with obvious deformity to his right thigh and left ankle, with blood noted on his pants in these areas. Patient assessment reveals he is unresponsive with snoring respirations and is breathing irregularly at 16 times per minute. His radial pulse is moderate in strength, and his skin is warm and dry. What action should be performed first?

Take and maintain manual in-line spinal stabilization.

A patient has been critically hurt in a nighttime motor vehicle collision. She was wearing a seatbelt and hit a tree at 70 mph. The car she was driving weighted two tones and was equipped with airbags that did deploy. What would have had the greatest impact on her being injured?

Speed of the vehicle at impact

A football player injured his knee during practice and is in pain. His left knee is swollen, ecchymotic, and flexed in an upward position. Your partner reports that the distal skin is warm, and he has located a weak pedal pulse. What should you perform immediately?

Splint the knee in the position found prior to providing transport to the hospital.

You are conducting CMS on patient's legs after a motor vehicle collision, you find that their right leg has a weak/weakening distal pulse. What should you do in regards to treatment?

Splint the leg in place.

Emergency medical care of bone and joint injuries should​ include:

Splinting any painful extremity

When providing emergency medical care for the patient with a closed soft tissue​ injury, remember:

Splint​ painful, swollen, deformed extremities to reduce the​ patient's pain.

A ____________ is a musculoskeletal injury in which there is partial or temporary separation of the bone ends as well as partial stretching or tearing of the supporting ligaments.

Sprain

A 49 -year-old male has been stabbed in the lower right chest. Police on scene report that the patient got into an argument with an unidentified man, who then stabbed him before fleeing the scene. After assessing the patient, you are suspicious that the knife punctured the lung and is causing internal bleeding. In this situation, the mechanism of injury would be:

Stab wound to the right chest

A 22-year-old female was ejected from her car after striking a tree head-on. As you approach her, you note obvious closed deformities to both of her femurs. She is not moving and does not appear to be conscious. You should:

Stabilize her head & neck and perform a primary assessment.

A patient presents with an arrow impaled in the right lower quadrant of his abdomen. He is in excruciating pain and states that he was accidentally shot by a friend while hunting. While there is no external bleeding coming from the injury, the surrounding skin is ecchymotic. Which action should the EMT perform first?

Stabilize the arrow with bulky dressings.

During your rapid secondary assessment of a 30-year-old male who fell 25′, you note crepitus when palpating his pelvis. Your partner advises you that the patient's blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak. After completing your assessment, you should:

Stabilize the pelvis with a pelvic binder and protect the spine.

As you pull to a motor vehicle collision, you quickly scan the scene for clues as to the type and severity of injuries. Which of the following scene clues would best indicate that a patient may have a head injury?

Starring of a windshield

When covering various wounds, you should always use a ______ dressing

Sterile

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a construction accident. The​ patient, a​ 43-year-old finish​ carpenter, was cutting the edge off a trim board when the knife​ slipped, avulsing a large section of his anterior lower​ arm, including underlying musculature and veins. He is currently alert and​ oriented, and a coworker is successfully applying direct pressure over the avulsed flap to control bleeding. The​ patient's respirations are 12 and his right radial pulse is 84. What form(s) of bleeding control would you initially attempt to​ utilize?

Sterile dressing with a circumferential​ bandage, moderately wrapped to provide pressure

An injury that can occur due to fatigue from overuse or extreme muscle stress is called​ a:

Strain

Skeletal muscle is also referred to as __________ muscle.

Striated

You are assessing a male patient who was stabbed three times in the chest and abdomen. As you begin the primary assessment, you note him to have a decreased level of consciousness and gurgling respirations. Your next action would be to:

Suction the airway

Your patient has been traumatized in a fight. He is now lying supine with gurgling respirations and visible blood in the throat. What should be the​ EMT's initial​ action?

Suction the airway

A 27-year-old male has been involved in a motor vehicle collision and is entrapped in his car. He is unresponsive with agonal gurgling respirations and blood coming from his nose. His respirations show poor effort and are inadequate. The radial pulse is rapid and weak and skin cool and diaphoretic. An Emergency Medical Responder is holding manual in-line spinal stabilization. What action would you perform first?

Suction the airway with a hard-tip catheter

You are called by the owner of a restaurant for a female patron who spilled hot tea onto her right thigh. The secondary assessment reveals the burn area to be soft, but red and painful. The skin is intact with no blister formation noted, although slight edema is present. Based on these assessment findings, the EMT should recognize what category of burn?

Superficial

Deformity caused by a fracture would MOST likely be masked by:

Swelling

An alert but confused patient experiencing an allergic reaction begins to exhibit stridor respirations. The EMT should recognize:

Swelling to the upper airway

What assessment findings would indicate that the patient is suffering from an anaphylactic reaction reaction and requires immediate intervention?

Swollen lips with a blood pressure if 84/50 mm-Hg.

You are called to a nursing home for a male patient with chest pain. On arrival you find the patient in a wheelchair with a noticeable hematoma to his forehead and a skin tear to his left wrist. Staff states that the patient had an episode of chest pain just before falling to the ground. When asked, the patient states that he still has chest discomfort. Which one of the following should you do immediately?

Take manual in-line spinal stabilization.

If you have a trauma patient who has gone into cardiac​ arrest, which is your MOST appropriate mode of​ transport?

Take the patient by ambulance to the nearest hospital unless your protocols advise otherwise.

When performing your initial assessment and focused history and physical exam on the patient with an external​ bleed, you should NOT be:

Taking a complete family medical history.

In assessing cognitively impaired​ patients, it is important to remember​ that:

The EMT will have to obtain a history from bystanders

Geriatric trauma can be complicated or induced by all of the following​ EXCEPT: A. weaker bones and muscles. B. multiple medications. C. the ability to compensate for longer amount of time. D. poorer eyesight.

The ability to compensate for longer amount of time.

A patient's finger has been amputated in a gardening accident. The finger is soon located in the grass nearby, what should be done with this amputated digit?

The amputated digit should be wrapped in a dry, sterile dressing and put on ice.

A bandage should NEVER be applied over a dressing that is being used to cover an open injury that is bleeding​ until:

The bleeding has stopped

You are called for a two-year-old boy who fell and cut his arm. While you are en route to the call, the dispatcher informs you that the patient has hemophilia. As an EMT, you should recognize that:

The bleeding may be significant

What is TRUE regarding cardiovascular system in a pediatric patient that should be considered whenever trauma causes blood​ loss?

The blood volume of a child is far less than that of an adult

A female patient with osteoporosis stepped sideways on her foot and has suffered an open tibial fracture to the distal portion of her right leg. Which one of the following interventions indicates that appropriate care is being given for this injury?

The bone end and soft tissue wounds are covered with a sterile dressing.

Which one of the following explains why patients experiencing an allergic reaction have difficulty breathing?

The bronchioles constrict and spasm.

A bullet fired from a gun does more damage than a knife propelled by a human hand​ because:

The bullet strikes the body at a higher velocity.

What is occurring in the body when a person is in shock?

The cells are not getting enough oxygen and waste products are accumulating

Assessment of a patient involved in a motor vehicle accident reveals him to have crepitus to the left humerus, instability to the left lateral chest wall and flank, and pain on palpation to the left hip region. He also complains of pain to the right side of the neck. Based on this injury pattern, the EMT would recognize the patient was:

The driver of a car hit on the driver's side.

A more rapid change in speed results​ in:

The exertion of more force

When treating a pediatric trauma patient, which one of the following is it important for the EMT to remember?

The flexibility of the chest wall in a child can allow for internal injury without obvious external signs.

What statement best characterizes the capabilities of a Level III Trauma Center?

The hospital has some surgical capabilities to help trauma patients, but will generally stabilize and transfer them.

An intoxicated patient has suffered a burn to his left lateral thigh after passing out with his leg touching the side of a kerosene heater. Close examination of the burn reveals tough leathery tissue in the center of the burn and surrounding it, red skin with blisters. Regarding the burn, what would be a good description/analysis?

The inner portion of the burn is full thickness and the outer portion partial thickness.

In a motorcycle​ accident, burns are most commonly associated​ with:

The leg being caught between the motorcycle and the ground.

You are managing a​ 25-year-old patient who was slashed across his neck and the side of his face with a razor by a gang member at the local shopping mall. His vitals are​ stable, but there was considerable bleeding. After you have controlled the​ bleeding, where should you take this​ patient?

To the regional trauma center because of the blood loss and significant injury

What is the last resort for attempting to control an external bleed to an​ extremity?

Tourniquet

The act of pulling on a body structure in the direction of its normal alignment is called:

Traction

The path or motion of a projectile during its travel is called:

Trajectory

The leading killer of persons under the age of 44​ is:

Trauma

When considering all causes of death across all age​ brackets, what cause of death is exceeded only by cardiovascular disease and cancer in the total number of lives lost.

Trauma

A 62-year-old female with severe kyphosis has fallen and hit the back of her head, which is oozing blood from a small laceration. Family members state that she suddenly complained of a "very bad headache" before collapsing to the kitchen floor. She has snoring respirations and cyanosis in the extremities. Of the following interventions, which one should you do first?

Use a jaw-thrust maneuver.

You are dispatched to assist a​ 21-year-old female who was shot in the left arm as she sat in her car in a parking lot. The police are already on the scene. When you approach the​ patient, she indicates that she is deaf. What is the BEST way for a health care provider who does NOT sign to communicate with this​ patient?

Use handwritten notes

A patient has suffered a small but jagged laceration to her left hand. When cleaning the wound, it is important that the EMT:

Use sterile gauze and wipe away from the site of injury.

A patient has suffered a small, but jagged laceration to her left hand. When cleaning the wound, it is important that the EMT:

Use sterile gauze and wipe away from the site of injury.

You have just assisted a patient with his epinephrine auto-injector. The patient states that he has never taken epinephrine before. You would inform him of which one of the following?

You may feel a little shaky, but that is normal and will pass.

What is a TRUE statement regarding communication with developmentally disabled​ patients?

You may not immediately recognize the disability.

Internal bleeding may result from a variety of causes. If you suspect your patient has internal​ bleeding, remember:

Your suspicion of internal bleeding may be based only on the mechanism of injury.

When performing a physical exam on a patient with a musculoskeletal​ injury, remember:

To obtain a SAMPLE history during or after your physical exam.

Family has called you for a 78-year-old female, with a history of dementia, because she appears more confused than normal. The primary assessment reveals no life-threatening conditions and her vital signs are: pulse 88, respirations 22, blood pressure 134/66, and SpO 2 95% on room air. Aside from the dementia, she had a history of hypertension, COPD, and breast cancer, which resulted in the removal of her right breast 11 years ago. Lately, she had an upper respiratory infection and is telling family that she has a headache. Your first question to family should be:

"Do you know if she fell recently and hit her head?"

What instruction would be appropriate when helping a new EMT care for a male patient with a laceration to his left arm?

"Don't worry about removing embedded dirt from the wound, just the dirt around the laceration."

As you approach a patient, you observe an area of dark blood on his pants. He appears lethargic, pale, and diaphoretic. Your first action in caring for this patient should be to:

Assess his airway

What statement shows that the EMT understands the application of a tourniquet?

"A tourniquet should be applied tightly enough so that arterial blood flow distal to the tourniquet is completely stopped."

You have arrived on the scene of a large structure fire. Emergency Medical Responders (EMRs) are by the side of a patient who is responsive to verbal stimuli and has suffered significant burns to his body. They report that the patient fell down a flight of stairs while trying to escape and was entrapped for several minutes. Their assessment findings include partial and full thickness burns to his right arm, right leg, and right side of the face. The EMRs also report that the patient's unburned skin is cool, clammy, and pale, with a delayed capillary refill. His pulse is 144, respirations are 22, and blood pressure is 88/50 mmHg. What instructions would be most appropriate?

"After reassessing the ABCs, let's do a secondary assessment and look for signs of injuries that are causing shock."

You arrive at a hunting camp for a hunter who stumbled over a rock and caught himself on his outstretched arm. He denies hitting his head or neck. There are no threats to the airway, breathing, or circulation. He has swelling and ecchymosis to his left wrist. A radial pulse is readily palpated and the skin in the hand is warm to the touch. What instructions given by the EMT to other rescuers indicates proper care of this patient?

"After we splint his wrist, we will need to elevate it during transport to decrease the opportunity for swelling."

You have been dispatched to a residence where a woman lacerated her arm after falling while holding a drinking glass. She informs you that when she was first cut, blood spurted from the wound, and then within a second or two, it subsided to a mere trickle. She asks why this would happen. What is a correct response?

"Blood vessels will constrict quickly once they are injured."

What statement made by the EMT indicates an understanding of calculating the body surface area (BSA) burned?

"Determining the BSA is an estimation and should never delay transport of the burn patient to the hospital."

A car swerved to miss a deer in the road and hit a utility pole at a low rate of speed. Damage to the car is minimal, but the 82-year-old male passenger was not wearing a seat belt and hit his head on the dashboard. He presents as confused and diaphoretic. His daughter, the driver, states that he has a history of dementia, high blood pressure, and diabetes, as well as coronary artery disease. She adds that he did take his insulin about 2 hours ago. Which one of the following questions to the daughter would be most important at this time?

"Did he eat anything today?"

A 31-year-old unrestrained pregnant female has been involved in an MVC and is complaining of chest and abdominal pain after striking the steering wheel. She is conscious, alert, and oriented with no deficits noted to the airway, breathing, or circulation. When asking her questions regarding her status, what questions should you ask first?

"Do you feel as though you are having contractions?"

During an in-service focusing on care of the trauma patient, the medical director asks if anyone can correctly describe the "platinum 10 minutes.". What would be the best response?

"EMS should initiate transport of the critically injured trauma patient to the hospital within 10 minutes of arriving on scene."

What assessment finding would contraindicate the use of the traction splint?

Deformity to the hip

The main type of pressure splint is the air splint. What is a problem with these types of splints?

Air splints may impair circulation and interfere with the assessment of pulses.

Which of the following is an example of multi-system​ trauma?

A 14 year old male who injured his head and neck in a car crash.

The EMT would recognize which patient as suffering from multi-system trauma?

A 43-year-old male with extremity trauma and shock from an MVC

Which situation would always indicate transport of a child to a trauma​ center?

A collision of a bicycle and a car

You are treating an elderly patient with osteoporosis. You note on exam that his left thigh has a significant hematoma and swelling. The patient has NOT been ambulating much today due to pain in his lower leg. From your assessment it is likely that the patient​ has:

A femur fracture

What is crepitus?

A grating sound or sensation produced by friction between bone and cartilage or the fractured parts of a bone. The grinding of bone on bone

A subluxation occurs when

A joint is in completely dislocated

The skeletal system supports the body. What is a TRUE statement about the skeletal​ system?

A major element in motion is the​ body's joints​ or places where bones meet.

What is an example of a direct injury?

A passenger fractures her patella after it strikes the dashboard.

The mechanism of injury refers to​ how:

A person was injured

Which statement about different musculoskeletal injuries is true?

A sprain is an injury to a joint with possible damage to or tearing of ligaments

When classifying a burn as superficial, partial, or full thickness, the EMT should determine the:

Depth of the burn

A 51-year-old male was burned in the face after a steam valve was accidentally opened. His face is red and swollen, and he is screaming in pain. He also states that he is having a hard time seeing. What is the EMT's priority concern in caring for this patient?

Airway compromise

General emergency medical care for the patient with an abdominal injury includes: A. covering an evisceration with a moist dressing and occlusive dressing. B. administering oxygen at 6 lpm by nasal cannula. C. applying and inflating the abdominal section of the PASG to control internal abdominal bleeding. D. placing the patient in the prone position with knees bent.

A. covering an evisceration with a moist dressing and occlusive dressing.

The separation of the placenta from the uterine wall is called ______

Abruptio placentae

A male patient who works in a steel fabricating plant has suffered a flash burn to his right arm and hand. What assessment findings would assist the EMT in deciding the burn is superficial and not partial thickness?

Absence of blisters

An elderly female patient has fallen and is complaining of right hip and right knee pain. When assessing her, what finding would you find most concerning?

Absent pedal pulse

The rate at which a body in motion increases its speed is known​ as:

Acceleration

You have been dispatched for a patient whose arm was caught in a grinding machine. Assessment reveals a deformed arm covered with a bloody towel. The patient is alert and anxious, and has a patent airway. His breathing is adequate. Radial pulse is fast but strong. What should you do next?

Administer oxygen through a nonrebreather mask.

After being hit by a​ vehicle, why will a child have a different pattern of injuries than an adult who was struck in an identical​ situation?

Adults tend to turn away from the​ impact, causing more injuries to the side of the​ body, whereas children will face the oncoming vehicle and sustain frontal injuries.

You have been called for an 87-year-old male who fell in his kitchen while making breakfast. He states that he did hit his forehead but managed to catch himself on the way down and did not hit the ground hard. Your assessment reveals him to have kyphosis of the thoracic and cervical spine, but does not reveal any neurological deficits. Which one of the following is appropriate in the care of this patient? Place a soft cervical collar instead of the rigid cervical spine immobilization collar. Apply a rigid collar, pad any gaps, and prepare the patient for any discomfort that the collar may cause. Avoid application of a rigid collar due to the natural deformity of the cervical spine. Disregard application of a rigid collar since the patient has no neurological deficits.

Apply a rigid collar, pad any gaps, and prepare the patient for any discomfort that the collar may cause.

Your patient has a non-traumatic fracture of the left wrist. Appropriate treatment would be​ to:

Apply a splint and transport

Direct pressure has failed to control an arterial bleed on a patient's leg. Which one of the following should the EMT do next?

Apply a tourniquet

Direct pressure has failed to control an arterial bleed on a patient's leg. What should the EMT do next?

Apply a tourniquet.

A construction worker has a metal rod impaled in his right forearm. Assessment of the injury indicates heavy bleeding from around the impaled object. Which one of the following should you do first?

Apply direct pressure around the rod

You arrive at a meat packing plant to find a 30 year old male cut in the wrist with a sharp knife. The patient appears pale and blood is spurting from the laceration. What should you do immediately?

Apply direct pressure to the laceration

You arrive at a meat packing plant to find a 30-year-old male cut in the wrist with a sharp knife. The patient appears pale and blood is spurting from the laceration. Which one of the following should you do immediately? Apply direct pressure to the laceration. Assess and manage the airway. Obtain a blood pressure. Apply 15 lpm of oxygen via nonrebreather face mask.

Apply direct pressure to the laceration.

During your assessment of a 29-year-old female with significant deformity to her left elbow, you are unable to palpate a radial pulse. Your transport time to the hospital is approximately 40 minutes. You should:

Apply gentle manual traction in line with the limb and reassess for a pulse.

You are treating a​ 22-year-old male who slipped running down the stairs in a factory and has injured his right tibia and fibula. The bones are through the skin and his lower leg is severely deformed. There is NO distal pulse or motor function. He denies any other injuries. What should you​ do?

Apply gentle tension to realign the​ extremity, splint the​ leg, and then reassess for a distal pulse.

You have arrived on a scene where a young girl has pushed her arms through a plate glass window. She is responsive to painful stimuli and has blood spurting from a large laceration to her right upper arm. Your paramedic partner yells for you to apply direct pressure to the laceration to prevent the loss of further blood, while he works to control the airway. You have yet to apply latex gloves, but are wearing goggles and a gown. What should you do next?

Apply gloves prior to applying direct pressure over the injury site.

The quickest and BEST way the EMT can relieve pain from a fractured femur is​ to:

Apply manual traction. This will alleviate the majority of the pain being caused by the muscle spasm and this will relieve the pain by prohibiting the fractured bone ends from rubbing together.

A 76-year-old male experienced sudden pain to his left thigh when he was standing in line at the grocery store. Your assessment reveals ecchymosis and deformity to the distal aspect of his left femur, just above the knee. Distal circulation and sensory and motor functions are intact. The MOST appropriate method of splinting this injury involves:

Applying padded board splints to both sides of the leg.

You have a patient with a long laceration to his thigh after falling through a roof he was working on. The bleeding is a mixture of bright red and dark red. It is hard to stop and the patient is becoming increasingly pale and disoriented. How would you characterize this​ bleeding?

Arterial

What MOST accurately describes the cardiovascular effect resulting from the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine in a shock state from blood​ loss?

Arteriole​ constriction, increased heart​ rate, and increased contractility

Your​ 35-year-old female patient has accidentally cut her forearm with a kitchen knife. Because the blood is bright red and​ spurting, you consider the bleeding is from​ a(n):

Artery

In moving joints, the ends of the bones are covered with:

Articulated cartilage

Why is the exit wound of a bullet always larger than the entry​ wound?

As the​ bullet's energy dissipates into​ flesh, its kinetic energy is transferred to the tissues. This causes exit wounds that are much larger than entry wounds.

You receive a call to a local gymnasium for a basketball player with a dislocated shoulder. Upon arrival, you find the patient, a 17-year-old male, sitting on the ground. He is holding his left arm in a fixed position away from his body. There is an obvious anterior bulge to the area of injury. You should:

Assess distal pulse, motor, and sensory functions. (CMS)

You have just applied a pressure dressing to the leg of a woman who suffered a deep laceration to her calf from a piece of broken glass. Which one of the following should you do next?

Assess for pedal pulse

The musculoskeletal system refers to the:

Bones and voluntary muscles of the body.

A car accident occurs at 45 mph resulting in the driver slamming forwards on impact. At what rate did the driver slam forward? At what rate were the driver's organs moving on impact?

Both the driver and their organs were traveling at a rate of 45 mph on impact.

All of the following are complications of bone and joint injuries​ EXCEPT: A. The restriction of blood flow by bone ends compressing blood vessels. B. The conversion of an open fracture to a closed fracture. C. Increased pain associated with movement of bone ends. D. Damage to muscles caused by movement of bone fragments or ends.

B. The conversion of an open fracture to a closed fracture.

What is a true statement about dressings and bandage is true?

Bandages should not be applied until bleeding is controlled.

What is a TRUE statement regarding the maternal circulatory​ system?

Because of the cardiovascular changes of​ pregnancy, overt signs of shock are late and inconsistent.

CMS should always be checked when?

Before and after treatment

Why are children more prone to head injuries?

Big heads & weak necks

A 21-year-old male was thrown over the handlebars of his motorcycle when he rear- ended a car that was stopped at a red light. He was wearing a helmet, which he removed prior to your arrival. He is conscious, but restless, and has closed deformities to both of his femurs. His skin is pale, his heart rate is rapid and weak, and his respirations are rapid and shallow. In addition to applying high-flow oxygen and protecting his spine, you should:

Bind his legs together on the backboard, keep him warm, and transport without delay.

Injuries that are received during the secondary blast phase are caused​ by:

Blast projectiles

A blood vessel that is cut along its length​ will:

Bleed uncontrollably

Your patient sustained blunt trauma to the chest in a MVA, and you suspect shock. While conducting the reassessment, what would best indicate that the patient is deteriorating?

Blood pressure 86/50 mmHg.

What structure is regulated by smooth muscle?

Blood vessels

A patient has fallen and suffered a contusion to her arm. What best describes a contusion?

Blood vessels in the dermal layer have ruptured.

In what form of trauma does the energy exchange cause a chain reaction within various body tissues that​ crush, stretch, and tear their​ structures, resulting in injury at and beneath the​ skin's surface?

Blunt trauma

You have been called for a male worker complaining of arm pain. On scene the 31-year-old patient states that his arm was crushed between two heavy boxes. There was minimal pain at that time, but now his right forearm is swollen and painful, especially with movement. He also states that the arm and fingers feel like they are "asleep." You note decreased strength to the arm and a radial pulse that is weak when compared to the left. There is no deformity to the arm and the skin is intact, although hard on palpation. Vital signs are pulse 88, respiration 18, and blood pressure 134/76 mmHg. Given these assessment findings, the EMT should be suspicious of

Compartment syndrome

Which of the following statements regarding compartment syndrome is correct?

Compartment syndrome typically develops within 6 to 12 hours after an injury.

As blunt impact abruptly halts a portion of the body and inertia causes the remaining anatomy to continue its​ motion, one tissue or organ is pushed into another. What type of injury is​ this?

Compression injury

Why are burns to the face concerning and what are some tell tale signs?

Concern: burned airway can lead to an obstructed airway. S/S = singed hair and stridorous and wheezing lung sounds.

What do ligaments do?

Connect bone to bone at joints

You are assessing a patient who was burned when she dropped a hot iron on her bare foot. Her foot is red and has a small partial thickness burn near the ankle. When completing the prehospital care report, what cause should you document?

Contact burn

Five minutes after assisting a patient with his epinephrine auto-injector, you determine the patient to be getting progressively worse. The patient has a second auto-injector available; however, written protocols do not address the administration of a second dose. What should be your next best action?

Contact medical direction for further orders.

A 54-year-old male accidentally shot himself in the leg while cleaning his gun. Your assessment reveals a small entrance wound to the medial aspect of his right leg. The exit wound is on the opposite side of the leg and is actively bleeding. The patient complains of numbness and tingling in his right foot. You should:

Control the bleeding and cover the wound with a sterile dressing.

Firefighters have just pulled a young woman from a house fire and have laid her on the lawn. She is conscious and badly burned to the chest, abdomen, and legs. Her clothes are smoldering. What actions should the EMT take immediately?

Cool the burn with water.

A patient has suffered partial and full-thickness thermal burns to the anterior chest, abdomen, and arms in an industrial accident. What would be appropriate in the care of this patient?

Cool the burns with water for 90 seconds and cover the burns with a sterile, dry burn sheet.

You are assessing an elderly patient who was entrapped in a burning trailer. What finding would be most indicative of a patient suffering an inhalation injury?

Coughing of black sputum

What is Coumadin and why is of concern when treating a trauma patient?

Coumadin is a blood thinner taken for A-fib. If a patient is on this medication and has any internal or external bleeding, Coumadin can expedite the bleeding and cause them to bleed out.

An intoxicated 28-year-old female has suffered burns to both legs after passing out next to a space heater and having her pants ignite. Emergency Medical Responders have removed her clothing and cooled the burns. What would be appropriate in the continued care of this patient?

Cover the burns with a clean, white, dry sheet.

General rules of splinting​ include:

Covering all​ wounds, including open​ fractures, with sterile dressings before applying a splint.

A patient was building a bomb in his garage when it accidentally detonated. Assessment findings from the rapid secondary assessment reveal intestine and a portion of the liver protruding from the right side of the abdomen. Proper care of this injury should include?

Covering the exposed organs with a large sterile dressing soaked with sterile water

The appearance part of the pediatric assessment triangle refers to the​ child's:

Mental status

During pregnancy, a woman has _____ circulating blood.

More.

Your patient sustained an injury which amputated his left foot. Of the following which is NOT an appropriate step in treatment of this type of​ injury? A) Wrap the part in a dry sterile dressing. B)Bag the amputated part in plastic. C)Flush the part with sterile water. D)Place the foot directly into a cooler full of ice.

D) To care for an amputated​ part: 1) remove gross contamination by flushing the part with sterile​ water 2) wrap the part in a dry sterile​ dressing 3) bag the amputated part in​ plastic 4) keep the amputated part​ cool 5) transport the part with the patient if possible.

You are presenting information on emergency care to a class of pregnant women. A participant asks you what the most frequent cause of injury is to a woman during pregnancy. Which one of the following is the correct response?

Motor vehicle collisions

What mechanism accounts for about half of all traumas in​ pregnancy?

Motor vehicle crashes

A patient fell and sustained an open fracture to the left humerus. However, assessment reveals the bone to have pulled back into the arm. Bleeding from the site is controlled. How will splinting the left arm benefit this patient?

Decreases the opportunity for further injury to nerves and blood vessels

Common signs and symptoms of a sprain include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Deformity

A 20-year-old waitress spilled hot coffee and burned her right forearm. When assessing the burn, you note a full-thickness burn surrounded by partial-thickness burns. In addition, she complains of pain in the surrounding partial-thickness burn, but not in the center where the full-thickness burn is located. As an EMT, you recognize that the patient is not localizing pain to the center of the burn because of:

Damage to the pain receptors in the dermis

A patient involved in a motor vehicle collision is complaining of neck pain. What pieces of information should cause the EMT to have a high index of suspicion that the patient may have suffered more significant injuries beyond the complaint of neck pain?

Death of the car's driver.

A patient was entrapped in a burning apartment before being rescued by firefighters. As you approach him, you note that his legs and arms appear to be burned. He is screaming in pain, but is not actively burning. Given this information, what intervention would you perform first?

Decide whether to administer oxygen with a nonrebreather face mask or with bag-valve mask.

You suspect that a patient involved in a MVA is in shock. As a knowledgeable EMT, you know that what s/s of shock will be observed last?

Decreased blood pressure

On scene you assisted a patient with his epinephrine auto-injector after he was stung multiple times by bees. You are now transporting the patient to the hospital. As you reassess the patient, what sign would best indicate that the epinephrine is benefiting the patient?

Decreased wheezing

The EMT recognizes that a benefit of applying a traction splint to a deformed femur and thigh is that it:

Decreases pain

A pregnant 31-year-old has been shot in the neck. Currently, she is responsive to verbal stimuli, with an open airway and rapid, but adequate respirations. Her radial pulse is weak and fast. Vital signs are as follows: pulse 152, respirations 22, blood pressure 92/76, and SpO2 at 100% on high-flow oxygen. When caring for this patient, what other intervention will most benefit this patient?

Immobilization and immediate transport

Family members report that their 62-year-old mother complained of dizziness and right leg weakness just before falling down a flight of stairs. Your assessment indicates that she is responsive, but confused and talking with garbled speech. Her breathing is adequate and her radial pulse is strong. Vital signs are: pulse 84, respirations 18, blood pressure 188/110 mmHg, and SpO 2 96%. There is an open fracture to her right forearm. When instructed to do so, she does not move her right arm. When caring for this patient, you should:

Immobilize her to the long board and extricate her to the ambulance for immediate transport.

A 17-year-old football player collided with another player and has pain to his left clavicular area. He is holding his arm against his chest and refuses to move it. Your assessment reveals obvious deformity to the midshaft clavicle. After assessing distal pulse, sensory, and motor functions, you should:

Immobilize the injury with a sling and swathe.

During your rapid secondary assessment of a 19-year-old female with multiple trauma, you note bilateral humeral deformities and a deformity to the left midshaft femur. Her skin is diaphoretic and her pulse is rapid and weak. Your partner has appropriately managed her airway and is maintaining manual stabilization of her head. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

Immobilizing her to a backboard and rapidly transporting.

Guidelines for splinting long bone injuries​ include:

Immobilizing the hand or foot in the position of function.

If there is a suspected neck injury, what treatment should be performed?

In-line stabilization of the neck and placement of a c-spine collar

You are transporting a male patient who was stabbed in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. On scene the patient was alert and oriented with a patent airway and adequate respirations. There was minimal hemorrhage from the stab wound, which was covered with a sterile dressing. Oxygen was applied and transport was initiated. During the reassessment, what findings should the EMT consider of most concern?

Increase in heart rate and restlessness

An injury that occurs away from the force of impact is caused by:

Indirect force

Based on the mechanism of injury and your initial​ assessment, you suspect your patient is hypoperfused. Things about hypoperfusion that you must remember​ include:

Infants and children can​ compensate, and maintain their blood pressure until their blood volume is depleted by almost​ one-third.

You are responding to a call for a 4 year-old child hit by a car. When assessing the child, what injury pattern would you recognize as typical based on the child's age and mechanism of injury?

Injuries to the head, femurs, chest and abdomen

What are the typical injures of an up and over accident?

Injury to head, neck, chest, and abdomen

What are the typical injuries of a down and under accident?

Injury to knees, femurs, hips, acetabulum, & spine

A patient sustained a crush injury after being struck with a baseball bat in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. Assessment shows bruising to that area with instability noted to the rib cage. The EMT's highest concern regarding this injury should be:

Injury to the spleen

A 40 year old homeless male is found lying in the street. Upon physical examination, you notice that the patient has a stab wound to the mid chest. He is unresponsive and his skin is cool to the touch. His respirations are 40 per minute and his pulse is 120. What should the EMT perform first?

Insert an oral airway (OPA)

A 40-year-old homeless male is found lying in the street. Upon physical examination, you notice that the patient has a stab wound to the mid-chest. He is unresponsive and his skin is cool to the touch. His respirations are 40 per minute and his pulse is 120. What should the EMT perform first?

Insert an oral airway (OPA)

A 62 year old male was the restrained driver of a car that was hit on the driver's side. EMR's have extricated and fully immobilized him with a cervical collar and long board. When asked, he complains of dizziness as well as leg and arm pain. Assessment reveals multiple contusions and deformity to his left forearm and a laceration with mild bleeding to the left side of his face. His airway is open and his breather is labored. A rapid radial pulse is felt. Skin is cool and dry. Which assessment finding should the EMT address first?

Labored breathing

A 49 year old male was climbing on a truck at a construction site when he fell backward to the ground. He presents with a two inch linear wound to the top of his head. Bleeding has been controlled and the skull can be seen through the wound. How should you document this injury on the prehospital care report?

Laceration

When splinting a possible fracture of the foot, it is MOST important for the EMT to:

Leave the toes exposed

A young female patient was walking on a 7-foot-high retaining wall when she stumbled and fell. She impacted a concrete sidewalk surface with her left foot and left hand. Your assessment reveals ecchymosis, deformity, and edema to both the left foot and left hand. Based on the concept of injury caused by indirect force, where else should the EMT look for injury?

Left hip

What trauma center designation is given to a regional trauma​ center, usually a​ university-teaching center that is prepared and committed to handle all types of specialty​ trauma?

Level I

A general hospital with some surgical capability and a commitment to special staff training and resource allocation for trauma patients describe what level trauma center?

Level III

A hospital with what trauma care rating is MOST likely to attempt stabilization of critical trauma patients before transporting them to a facility with​ higher-level trauma​ capabilities?

Level IV

Soft tissue injuries are sometimes dramatic but​ rarely:

Life threatening

A car has been hit head-on by another vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. Seatbelts were in place and the airbags deployed. The patient is complaining of chest pain. Quick observation reveals a bruise to his sternum. The EMT would immediately:

Lift the airbag and check the steering wheel.

The MOST common and significant complication associated with fractures or dislocations of the knee is:

Ligament and cartilage damage

Bones are connected to other bones by bands of tough fibrous tissues called:

Ligaments

Prior to your arrival on the scene of a motorcycle crash, an EMR contacts you via radio and reports that there is one patient who has an evulsion to her left arm. As a knowledgeable EMT, you should anticipate which one of the following?

Loose flap of skin torn on her left arm.

A person who experiences a calcaneus fracture after jumping and landing on his or her feet would MOST likely experience an accompanying fracture of the:

Lumbar spine

Vehicle collisions are a common mechanism of injury. It is important to​ remember:

Maintain a high index of suspicion if any passenger appears confused.

Assessment of a 79-year-old female with a long history of medical complaints reveals tenderness and deformity to her left hip. Staff at the personal care home state that she slipped in some water and fell onto her buttocks. Currently, she is alert and oriented and stating the pain is 10/10. Regarding care of her leg, which one of the following is most appropriate?

Maintain the leg in the position found and transfer to a long spine board.

The various types of musculoskeletal​ injuries:

May cause injuries to body areas distant from the injury site.

A function of the musculoskeletal system​ is:

Providing ability for movement

A "hip" fracture is actually a fracture of the:

Proximal femur

The PASG is absolutely contraindicated in patients who have:

Pulmonary edema

A 43 year old male has a circular shaped entrance wound to his stomach after being stabbed with a screwdriver. This is known as​ a(n):

Puncture

The MOST significant variable in a fall is​ the:

Rate of deceleration

You come across a deformed limb without a pulse. What should you try to do to regain a pulse in the extremity?

Realign the limb

A "whiplash" type neck injury is most often observed with what type of collision?

Rear end impact

Traction splinting a fractured femur will realign the bone​ and:

Reduce blood loss into the thigh

Applying ice to and elevating an injured extremity are performed in order to:

Reduce pain and swelling.

What would the EMT recognize as a function of the skin?

Regulation of temperature

Young female with a broken pencil through her cheek and into the oropharynx; blood from the injury is trickling into her airway. Do we remove or stabilize the object in place?

Remove the impaled object

Which of the following is the MOST common cause of cardiac arrest in the pediatric​ patient?

Respiratory failure

A man has been bitten in his arm by a dog. He states that the bite occurred several hours earlier when he accidentally stepped on the dog's paw. When asked, he tells you that the dog is up to date on all of her shots, including the rabies vaccine. Assessment reveals two small puncture wounds to the hand with some bruising in the surrounding tissue. The patient wants to refuse treatment and transport. Given these assessment findings, what would be the primary reason the patient should be seen in the emergency department?

Risk for infection

After being assaulted by her boyfriend, an 18-year-old female who is 33 weeks pregnant is found unresponsive in her bedroom. She appears to have been beaten in the head and abdomen as evidenced by multiple hematomas and lacerations to these areas. Which assessment finding should concern the EMT most and be addressed first?

Room air SpO 2 at 93%

You are caring for a patient with a closed fracture of the left femur after falling out of the bed of a moving pickup. If this is the only isolated​ injury, what immobilization device should NOT be​ used?

SAM pelvic splint

The pectoral girdle consists of the:

Scapulae and clavicles

What is the number one priority on every scene?

Scene safety

Your patient was hit in the chest by a piece of shrapnel from a bomb. This is an example of a​ _____ phase injury.

Secondary

What type of muscle is under direct voluntary control of the brain?

Skeletal

The circulation part of the pediatric assessment triangle refers to:

Skin color

On what finding should the EMT rely regarding the assessment of a pediatric​ patient's circulatory​ status?

Skin condition and capillary refill

Which of the following joints allows no motion?

Skull sutures

What should be applied in order to provide stability for an upper humerus​ injury?

Sling and swathe

Describe capillary bleeds

Slow and oozing

What type of muscle contracts and relaxes to control the movement of the contents within its structures?

Smooth

You are working with a Paramedic on a patient who is hypotensive following a GSW that resulted in a significant bleed. The bleeding is now​ controlled, but the blood pressure is still in the 80s systolic. The Paramedic states he does NOT want to give too much fluid after starting the IV. Why do you think this is​ so?

So as not to raise pressure too high

What is, by far, the MOST common type of trauma the body sustains?

Soft tissue injuries

In trauma​ care, what does the term​ "golden period" refer​ to?

Some injuries need to be treated as soon as possible

Your partner is off from work for an extended period of time because he is having surgery for a torn ligament. Which structure needs that surgery?

Tissue that connects one bone to other bones

An open fracture is MOST accurately defined as a fracture in which:

The overlying skin is no longer intact

If a dislocated shoulder has spontaneously reduced before your arrival, the only way to confirm the injury is by noting:

The patient history

You arrive on the scene to help another crew with the extrication from an attic of a female patient who fell while retrieving holiday decorations. As a result of the fall, she has an open fracture to her left lower leg. The patient has been fully immobilized to a longboard and has a rigid splint in place to her left leg. What would indicate the extremity has been improperly splinted?

The patient is able to flex her left ankle when directed to do so.

What do all types of open wounds have in​ common?

The patient is at risk for contamination with​ dirt, bacteria, and infection.

In general, musculoskeletal injuries should be splinted before moving the patient unless:

The patient is clinically unstable.

Another crew has called for your assistance in extricating an obese male with a nosebleed from a third floor bedroom. As you enter the room, what shows proper management of the patient's condition?

The patient is sitting upright, leaning forward, with nostrils pinched shut.

You are caring for an elderly fall victim. The​ patient's family is on scene and tells you that the disoriented patient has a history of MI and severe HTN. You find the pulse to be​ 92/minute, and the blood pressure is​ 102/88. What is an accurate statement?

The patient may be hypotensive.

How can blunt abdominal trauma to the pregnant female cause fetal​ death?

The placenta tears away from the uterus

Severe external bleeding should be controlled during what phase of the patient assessment?

The primary assessment

In the frontal impact motor vehicle​ collision, the driver will continue to move forward at what rate of​ speed?

The same rate of speed as the vehicle is traveling

In caring for a patient with a penetrating​ injury, it is important to remember​ that:

The severity of injury caused by penetrating trauma is related to the velocity of the penetrating object.

What assessment findings best shows that the patient's injury should be classified as an abrasion?

The skin is scraped and red; blood oozing from the injury site.

A patient informs you that any time she is exposed to a particular soap, she experiences a mild allergic reaction. As a knowledgeable EMT, you should recognize that:

The soap contains an allergen

Which of the following describes the "platinum 10 minutes" as it applied to care of the trauma patient? The amount of time EMS should spend on scene with any patient suffering a traumatic injury(s) The goal for total amount of time from the actual injury to arrival of EMS at the scene The target scene time for EMS as it applies to the seriously injured trauma patient The time it should take the transporting ambulance to get the trauma patient to the closest medical facility

The target scene time for EMS as it applies to the seriously injured trauma patient

An unrestrained female driving a small car is involved in a rollover-type collision. Why is her risk for serious injury and death significantly increased?

There are more impacts in a roll over.

What is the purpose of a dressing?

They cover wounds to control bleeding and prevent contamination.

After assisting a patient with the use of an epinephrine auto-injector, you note that the patient's blood pressure has improved. As a knowledgeable EMT, you realize that:

This has occurred due to epinephrine's ability to constrict blood vessels.

When transporting a pregnant patient on a​ backboard, it is important​ to:

Tilt the backboard to the left

When treating the​ late-term pregnant trauma victim who requires spinal​ immobilization, the backboard should​ be:

Tilted 15 degrees to the left

You are on the scene of a car crash where the driver is sitting in the​ driver's seat with a potential spine injury. There is a fire under the hood of the car and the smoke is starting to get into the front cab of the vehicle. What should you​ do?

Use the rapid extrication technique if there is still time. Rapid extrication is used​ when: 1) the​ patient's condition is so unstable that you need to move and transport him​ immediately, 2) the scene is not​ safe, or​ 3) the patient blocks your access to a second more seriously injured patient.

You are assessing a patient who was involved in a​ high-speed collision. He was NOT wearing his seat belt and he is now walking around at the scene of the crash. On​ exam, he complains of some tenderness in his neck. What should you do with this​ patient?

Use the standing patient immobilization technique with three rescuers.

What is the MOST noticeable clinical finding during an occurrence of minor blood loss that resolves on its​ own, that is an early clinical indication of​ injury?

Usually no clinical finding beyond mild tachycardia

A patient has cut his arm with a table saw. Assessment reveals dark blood flowing steadily from the wound. As an EMT, you should recognize this as what type of bleeding?

Venous

A 44-year-old electrician has been shocked. He is responsive to verbal stimuli and has garbled speech. His airway is open and he is breathing shallowly at a rate of 8 times per minute. His pulse is slow and irregular. What should the EMT perform next?

Ventilate with a bag-valve mask at 12 breaths per minute.

Which type of muscle tissue is found in the forearm?

Voluntary

What statement regarding voluntary muscles is true?

Voluntary muscles connect to the bones of the skeletal system.

How would you tell a pregnant woman to restrain herself when traveling in a car?

Wear all seat belts normally, as you would if not pregnant

When is a dislocation of MOST​ concern, aside from the pain it​ causes?

When there is no distal pulse or sensation.

You're called to a scene of a suspected suicide. You find a 19 year old male with a long cut up his wrist bleeding profusely. What should you do?

With a dressing in a gloved hand add direct pressure the the wound, apply another dressing to help absorb the blood. If the bleeding continues, apply a tourniquet until the bleeding stops and no pulse is felt on the wrist.

When treating an injured geriatric patient, it is very important to:

Work to achieve an oxygen saturation of at least 94%.

If you apply the PASG to a patient who is hypotensive from an abdominal​ bleed, but he also has an upper extremity​ bleed, what should the EMT be cautious​ of?

Worsening the extremity bleed

You have been called for an intoxicated patient who sustained a full thickness burn to his leg when he passed out against a kerosene heater. After ensuring that the patient's airway, breathing, and circulation are intact, you should cool the burn with water and then:

Wrap the burn with a dry sterile dressing.

A patient has had part of his right thumb amputated in an industrial accident. Co-workers have retrieved the thumb and wrapped it in a towel. The EMT demonstrates appropriate handling of the amputated part when he:

Wraps it in a dry sterile dressing.

A patient has had part of his right thumb amputated in an industrial accident. Coworkers have retrieved the thumb and wrapped it in a towel. The EMT demonstrates appropriate handling of the amputated part when he:

Wraps it in dry sterile dressing

A patient with a closed fracture to the forearm has been properly splinted when which of the following are immobilized?

Wrist, forearm, and elbow

You are treating a​ 36-year-old female patient who was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She was not wearing a seatbelt. A bystander states that the patient was initially unconscious at the scene before your arrival. There is no apparent external trauma aside from a bruise on the front of her head. Is this a patient who should have a​ high-priority transport?

Yes, because of the altered mental status and closed head injury.

A patient with a closed fracture to the forearm has been properly splinted when which of the following are immobilized? Select one: a. Wrist and forearm b. Wrist, forearm, and elbow c. Shoulder, elbow, and forearm d. Elbow and forearm

b. Wrist, forearm, and elbow

An unrestrained female patient, who was involved in a minor motor vehicle collision, refuses EMS care or transport. She is seven months pregnant and is alert and oriented. When asked, she denies any complaint. Your best action would be to:

contact medical direction for instructions.