Block 3 - Exam, Chapter 17 - Q/A -Copy COPY

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurs when:

A small clot in a cerebral artery causes temporary symptoms

A patient with an altered mental status is:

Not thinking clearly or is incapable of being aroused

The inability to understand and/or produce speech.

aphasia

fainting

syncope

slurred speech

dysarthria

Your patient opens his eyes, moans, and pulls away from when you pinch his trapezius muscle. You should assign a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of:

8

Your patient opens his eyes, moans, and pulls away from you when you pinch his trapezius muscle. You should assign a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of: A. 7. B. 8. C. 9. D. 6.

8

When caring for a patient with documented hypoglycemia, you should be MOST alert for:

A seizure

Which of the following MOST accurately describes a simple partial seizure?

A seizure that begins in one extremity

Which of the following MOST accurately describes a simple partial seizure? A. A seizure that causes the patient to stare blankly B. A seizure that is not preceded by an aura C. A generalized seizure without incontinence D. A seizure that begins in one extremity

A seizure that begins in one extremity

Which of the following MOST accurately describes a simple partial seizure? Select one: A. A seizure that begins in one extremity B. A seizure that causes the patient to stare blankly C. A seizure that is not preceded by an aura D. A generalized seizure without incontinence

A. A seizure that begins in one extremity

When caring for a patient with documented hypoglycemia, you should be MOST alert for: Select one: A. a seizure. B. an acute stroke. C. respiratory distress. D. a febrile convulsion.

A. a seizure.

Headache, vomiting, altered mental status, and seizures are all considered early signs of: Select one: A. increased intracranial pressure. B. decreased intracranial pressure. C. increased extracranial pressure. D. decreased extracranial pressure.

A. increased intracranial pressure

You are caring for a 68-year-old man with sudden onset of left-sided paralysis and slurred speech. His airway is patent, his respirations are 14 breaths/min with adequate depth, and his oxygen saturation is 98%. Treatment for this patient should include: Select one: A. recovery position and transport. B. ventilatory assistance and transport. C. high-flow oxygen and transport. D. oral glucose gel and transport.

A. recovery position and transport

When you are obtaining medical history from the family of a suspected stroke patient, it is MOST important to determine: Select one: A. when the patient last appeared normal. B. if there is a family history of a stroke. C. if the patient has been hospitalized before. D. the patient's overall medication compliance.

A. when the patient last appeared normal.

Febrile seizures:

Are usually benign but should be evaluated

When assessing for arm drift of a patient with a suspected stroke, you should:

Ask the patient to close his or her eyes during the assessment

A 30-year-old male experienced a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure, which stopped before you arrived at the scene. The patient is conscious, is answering your questions appropriately, and refuses EMS transport. Which of the following would be the MOST compelling reason to disagree with his refusal of transport? Select one: A. He has experienced seizures since he was 20 B. He is currently not prescribed any medications C. His wife states that this was his "usual" seizure D. His Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is 15

B. He is currently not prescribed any medications

Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke? Select one: A. Hypoglycemia B. Hypovolemia C. A postictal state D. Intracranial bleeding

B. Hypovolemia

You are called to a home and find a 56-year-old woman supine in her bed. She appears alert, but has slurred speech. Her family tells you she has a history of TIAs and hypertension. You ask the patient, "What day is it today?" Her reply is, "Butterfly." Which area of the brain is likely affected? Select one: A. Occipital lobe B. Left hemisphere C. Cerebellum D. Right hemisphere

B. Left hemisphere

A patient whose speech is slurred and difficult to understand is experiencing: Select one: A. aphasia. B. dysarthria. C. dysphagia. D. paraplegia.

B. dysarthria.

Patients with a subarachnoid hemorrhage typically complain of a sudden severe: Select one: A. bout of dizziness. B. headache. C. altered mental status. D. thirst.

B. headache.

The principal difference between a patient who has had a stroke and a patient with hypoglycemia almost always has to do with the: Select one: A. papillary response. B. mental status. C. blood pressure. D. capillary refill time.

B. mental status

You respond to a residence for a child who is having a seizure. Upon arrival at the scene, you enter the residence and find the mother holding her child, a 2-year-old male. The child is conscious and crying. According to the mother, the child had been running a high fever and then experienced a seizure that lasted approximately 3 minutes. You should: Select one: A. cover the child with wet towels and give oxygen via nasal cannula. B. transport the child to the hospital and reassure the mother en route. C. advise the mother to take her child to the doctor the following day. D. call medical control and request permission to give the child aspirin.

B. transport the child to the hospital and reassure the mother en route.

The most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing, are controlled by the:

Brain stem

Your patient opens his eyes, moans, and pulls away from you when you pinch his trapezius muscle. You should assign a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of: Select one: A. 6. B. 7. C. 8. D. 9.

C. 8

Which of the following MOST accurately describes what the patient will experience during the postictal state that follows a seizure? Select one: A. Hyperventilation and hypersalivation B. A rapidly improving level of consciousness C. Confusion and fatigue D. A gradually decreasing level of consciousness

C. Confusion and fatigue

When blood flow to a particular part of the brain is cut off by a blockage inside a blood vessel, the result is: Select one: A. a hemorrhagic stroke. B. atherosclerosis. C. an ischemic stroke. D. a cerebral embolism.

C. an ischemic stroke.

When assessing for arm drift of a patient with a suspected stroke, you should: Select one: A. observe movement of the arms for approximately 2 minutes. B. expect to see one arm slowly drift down to the patient's side. C. ask the patient to close his or her eyes during the assessment. D. ask the patient to hold his or her arms up with the palms down.

C. ask the patient to close his or her eyes during the assessment.

Interruption of cerebral blood flow may result from all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. a thrombus. B. an embolism. C. cerebral vasodilation. D. an acute arterial rupture.

C. cerebral vasodilation.

The left cerebral hemisphere controls: Select one: A. the right side of the face. B. heart rate and pupil reaction. C. the right side of the body. D. breathing and blood pressure.

C. the right side of the body.

Interruption of cerebral blood flow may result from all of the following EXCEPT:

Cerebral vasodilation

The three major parts of the brain are the:

Cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem

Which of the following MOST accurately describes what the patient will experience during the postictal state that follows a seizure?

Confusion and fatigue

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely affect the entire brain? Select one: A. Blocked cerebral artery in the frontal lobe B. Reduced blood supply to the left hemisphere C. Ruptured cerebral artery in the occipital lobe D. Respiratory failure or cardiopulmonary arrest

D. Respiratory failure or cardiopulmonary arrest

Which of the following symptoms would lead the EMT to believe that a patient's headache is caused by sinus congestion? Select one: A. The headache began suddenly B. There is associated neck stiffness C. There is numbness in the extremities D. The pain is worse when bending over

D. The pain is worse when bending over

The three major parts of the brain are the: Select one: A. cerebellum, medulla, and occiput. B. brain stem, midbrain, and spinal cord. C. midbrain, cerebellum, and spinal cord. D. cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem.

D. cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem.

During the primary assessment of a semiconscious 70-year-old female, you should: Select one: A. insert a nasopharyngeal airway and assist ventilations. B. immediately determine the patient's blood glucose level. C. ask family members if the patient has a history of stroke. D. ensure a patent airway and support ventilation as needed.

D. ensure a patent airway and support ventilation as needed.

A patient who is possibly experiencing a stroke is NOT eligible for thrombolytic (fibrinolytic) therapy if he or she: Select one: A. has had a prior heart attack. B. is older than 60 years of age. C. has a GCS score that is less than 8. D. has bleeding within the brain.

D. has bleeding within the brain.

A patient with an altered mental status is: Select one: A. completely unresponsive to all forms of stimuli. B. typically alert but is confused as to preceding events. C. usually able to be aroused with a painful stimulus. D. not thinking clearly or is incapable of being aroused.

D. not thinking clearly or is incapable of being aroused.

Hypoglycemia can mimic conditions such as: Select one: A. cystic fibrosis. B. myocardial infarction. C. high fever. D. stroke.

D. stroke.

A patient whose speech is slurred and difficult to understand is experiencing:

Dysarthria

During the primary assessment of a semiconscious 70-year-old female, you should:

Ensure a patient airway and support ventilation as needed

The spinal cord exits the cranium through the:

Foramen magnum

A patient who is possibly experiencing a stroke is NOT eligible for thrombolytic (fibrinolytic) therapy if he or she: A. is older than 60 years of age. B. has bleeding within the brain. C. has had a prior heart attack. D. has a GCS score that is less than 8.

Has bleeding within the brain

A patient who is possibly experiencing a stroke is NOT eligible for thrombolytic therapy if he or she:

Has bleeding within the brain

A 30-year-old male experienced a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure, which stopped before you arrived at the scene. The patient is conscious, is answering your questions appropriately, and refuses EMS transport. Which of the following would be the MOST compelling reason to disagree with his refusal of transport? A. He has experienced seizures since he was 20 B. His wife states that this was his "usual" seizure C. His Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is 15 D. He is currently not prescribed any medications

He is currently not prescribed any medications

A 30-year-old male experienced a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure, which stopped before you arrived at the scene. The patient is conscious, is answering your questions appropriately, and reused EMS transport. Which of the following would be the MOST compelling reason to disagree with his refusal of transport?

He is currently not prescribed any medications

The MOST significant risk factor for a hemorrhagic stroke is:

Hypertension

Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke?

Hypovolemia

You are dispatched to a residence for a 66-year-old male who, according to family members, has suffered a massive stroke. Your primary assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. You should:

Initiate CPR and attach an AED as soon as possible

The mental status of a patient who has experienced a generalized seizure:

Is likely to improve over a period of 5 to 30 minutes

a seizure characterized by severe twitching of all of the bodies muscles that may last up to 5 minutes possibly more AKA Grand Mal seizure

generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure)

Individuals with chronic alcoholism are predisposed to intracranial bleeding and hypoglycemia secondary to abnormalities in the:

Liver

You arrive at the residence of a 33-year-old woman who is experiencing a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure. She has a small amount of vomitus draining from the side o her mouth. After protecting her from further injury, you should:

Maintain her airway with manual head positioning, suction her airway remove the vomitus, insert a nasopharyngeal airway, and administer high-flow oxygen

You arrive at a local grocery store approximately 5 minutes after a 21-year-old female stopped seizing. She is confused and disoriented; she keeps asking you what happened and tells you that she is thirsty. Her brother, who witnessed the seizure, tells you that she takes valproate (Depakote) for her seizures, but has not taken it in a few days. He also tells you that she has diabetes. In addition to administering oxygen, you should:

Monitor her airway and breathing status and assess her blood glucose level

Which of the following is a metabolic cause of a seizure?

Poisoning

You are caring for a 68-year-old man with sudden onset of left-sided paralysis and slurred speech. His airway is patent, his respirations are 14 breaths/min with adequate depth, and his oxygen saturation is 98%. Treatment for this patient should include:

Recovery position and transport

When transporting a stable stroke patient with a paralyzed extremity, place the patient in a:

Recumbent position with the paralyzed side down

You are assessing the arm drift component of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale on a 60-year-old woman. When she hold both of her arms out in front of her and closes her eyes, both of her arms immediately fall to her sides. You should:

Repeat the arm drift test, but move the patient's arms into position yourself

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely affect the entire brain?

Respiratory failure or cardiopulmonary arrest

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely affect the entire brain? A. Blocked cerebral artery in the frontal lobe B. Reduced blood supply to the left hemisphere C. Respiratory failure or cardiopulmonary arrest D. Ruptured cerebral artery in the occipital lobe

Respiratory failure or cardiopulmonary arrest

You are caring for a 70-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an acute stroke. She is conscious, has secretions in her mouth, is breathing at a normal rate with adequate depth, and has an oxygen saturation of 96%. You should:

Suction her oropharynx and transport immediately

Which of the following symptoms would lead the EMT to believe that a patient's headache is caused by sinus congestion?

The pain is worse when bending over

The left cerebral hemisphere controls:

The right side of the body

You respond to a residence for a child who is having a seizure. Upon arrival at the scene, you enter the residence and find the mother holding her child, a 2-year-old male. The child is conscious and crying. According to the mother, the child had been running a high fever and then experienced a seizure that lasted approximately 3 minutes. You should:

Transport the child to the hospital and reassure the mother en route

When you are obtaining medical history from the family of a suspected stroke patient, it is MOST important to determine:

When the patient last appeared normal

When caring for a patient with documented hypoglycemia, you should be MOST alert for: A. a seizure. B. respiratory distress. C. an acute stroke. D. a febrile convulsion.

a seizure

A swelling or enlargement of part of a blood vessel, resulting from weakening of the vessel wall.

aneurysm

When assessing for arm drift of a patient with a suspected stroke, you should: A. ask the patient to hold his or her arms up with the palms down. B. observe movement of the arms for approximately 2 minutes. C. ask the patient to close his or her eyes during the assessment. D. expect to see one arm slowly drift down to the patient's side.

ask the patient to close his or her eyes during the assessment

a disorder in which calcium and cholesterol build up in the bv walls and arteries... potentially leading to a clot

atherosclerosis

a sensation experience before a seizure; serves as a warning sign for seizures

aura

Interruption of cerebral blood flow may result from all of the following, EXCEPT: A. a thrombus. B. cerebral vasodilation. C. an acute arterial rupture. D. an embolism.

cerebral vasodilation

an interruption of blood flow to the brain that results in the loss of brain function; aka a stroke

cerebrovascular accident

The three major parts of the brain are the: A. cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. B. cerebellum, medulla, and occiput. C. brain stem, midbrain, and spinal cord. D. midbrain, cerebellum, and spinal cord.

cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem

Which of the following MOST accurately describes what the patient will experience during the postictal state that follows a seizure? A. Hyperventilation and hypersalivation B. Confusion and fatigue C. A rapidly improving level of consciousness D. A gradually decreasing level of consciousness

confusion and fatigue

A patient whose speech is slurred and difficult to understand is experiencing: A. dysarthria. B. paraplegia. C. dysphagia. D. aphasia.

dysarthria

blood clot in the circulatory system

embolus

During the primary assessment of a semiconscious 70-year-old female, you should: A. ensure a patent airway and support ventilation as needed. B. ask family members if the patient has a history of stroke. C. immediately determine the patient's blood glucose level. D. insert a nasopharyngeal airway and assist ventilations.

ensure a patent airway and support ventilation as needed

Seizures that result from sudden high fevers, particularly in children.

febrile seizures

weakness on one side of the body

hemiparesis

a type of stroke that occurs as a result of bleeding in the brain

hemorrhagic stroke

The MOST significant risk factor for a hemorrhagic stroke is: A. heavy exertion. B. hypertension. C. diabetes mellitus. D. severe stress.

hypertension

Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke? A. A postictal state B. Hypovolemia C. Intracranial bleeding D. Hypoglycemia

hypovolemia

loss of bowel or bladder control may be a result of a generalized seizure

incontinence

lack of oxygen that deprives tissue of necessary nutrients, resulting from partial or complete blockage of blood flow

ischemia

a type of stroke that occurs when blood flow to a particular part of the brain is cut off by a clot inside a BV

ischemic stroke

A patient with an altered mental status is: A. not thinking clearly or is incapable of being aroused. B. typically alert but is confused as to preceding events. C. completely unresponsive to all forms of stimuli. D. usually able to be aroused with a painful stimulus.

not thinking clearly or is incapable of being aroused.

a seizure affecting a limited portion of the body

partial seizure

You are caring for a 68-year-old man with sudden onset of left-sided paralysis and slurred speech. His airway is patent, his respirations are 14 breaths/min with adequate depth, and his oxygen saturation is 98%. Treatment for this patient should include: A. oral glucose gel and transport. B. ventilatory assistance and transport. C. recovery position and transport. D. high-flow oxygen and transport.

recovery position and transport

a condition in which seizures recur every few minutes or last longer than 30 minutes

status epilepticus

interruption of blood flow to the brain that results in loss of brain function AKA cerebrovascular accident

stroke

Which of the following symptoms would lead the EMT to believe that a patient's headache is caused by sinus congestion? A. The pain is worse when bending over B. There is associated neck stiffness C. The headache began suddenly D. There is numbness in the extremities

the pain is worse when bending over

The left cerebral hemisphere controls: A. the right side of the face. B. heart rate and pupil reaction. C. breathing and blood pressure. D. the right side of the body.

the right side of the body

a blood clot, either arterial or vein. when clot occurs in the cerebral artery, it may result in the interruption of cerebral blood flow and subsequent stroke

thrombosis

when stroke-like symptoms resolves themselves within 24 hours (mini stroke)

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

You respond to a residence for a child who is having a seizure. Upon arrival at the scene, you enter the residence and find the mother holding her child, a 2-year-old male. The child is conscious and crying. According to the mother, the child had been running a high fever and then experienced a seizure that lasted approximately 3 minutes. You should: A. transport the child to the hospital and reassure the mother en route. B. cover the child with wet towels and give oxygen via nasal cannula. C. call medical control and request permission to give the child aspirin. D. advise the mother to take her child to the doctor the following day.

transport the child to the hospital and reassure the mother en route

When you are obtaining medical history from the family of a suspected stroke patient, it is MOST important to determine: A. when the patient last appeared normal. B. if there is a family history of a stroke. C. if the patient has been hospitalized before. D. the patient's overall medication compliance.

when the patient last appeared normal