Blood and Lymphatics A&P test
Circulatory changes that occur in inflammation include
migration of white blood cells to the site of injury.
Which of the following is an agranulocyte?
monocyte
Macrophages are derived from
monocytes.
The ____ tonsils are the largest, and their tonsillectomy (surgical removal) used to be one of the most common surgical procedures performed in children.
palatine
The condition characterized by overproduction of erythrocytes is called
erythrocytosis
The plasma component that forms fibrin, the insoluble protein, in a blood clot is
fibrinogen.
Type AB blood
has both A and B antigens on the red cells.
Antibodies
have a variable region that binds to a specific antigenic determinant.
Basophils of the blood help to get defensive leukocytes to the site quickly by releasing an anticoagulant called _____ and a vasodilator called _____.
heparin; histamine
Which of the following substances causes increased capillary permeability, chemotaxis, and vasodilation?
histamine
Each body function on the left is correctly matched with the corresponding function of the blood on the right except:
immune function - platelet factors initiate coagulation
One characteristic of the immune response is specificity. This means that
immunity is directed against a particular pathogen.
Which of the following would lead to increased erythropoiesis?
increased erythropoietin levels
Aspirin inhibits platelet plug formation by
interfering with the synthesis of prostaglandins.
All these can lead to polycythemia except
iron deficiency
Heparin
is a potent anticoagulant.
Interferon
is a protein that interferes with virus production and infection.
Iron
is needed to produce hemoglobin.
Plasma
is the liquid matrix of the blood.
The only formed elements that possess a nucleus when mature are the
leukocytes.
Bean-shaped lymphatic organs found along lymphatic vessels are called
lymph-nodes
Which of the following cell types is incorrectly matched with its description?
lymphocytes - become macrophages.
Lymphocyte activation can occur in several ways. However, in all cases
lymphocytes must recognize an antigen.
Which blood component is not correctly matched with its function
platelets - phagocytize bacteria
Lymph is similar to blood plasma but very low in
protein
Tonsils
provide protection against bacteria.
The secondary or memory response
provides better protection than the primary response.
Myeloid hemopoiesis in adults happens in the
red bone marrow
Which of the following cell types is an immature red blood cell?
reticulocyte
Autoimmune diseases are disorders in which the immune system fails to distinguish _______ from foreign ones.
self-antigens
Platelets release _____, a chemical vasoconstrictor that contributes to the vascular spasm.
serotonin
An increased amount of heparin in the blood might
slow down the clotting process.
Erythropoiesis does not require
vitamin K
When the antigens on erythrocytes bind with antibodies in the plasma,
agglutination of erythrocytes occurs.
Which of the following plasma proteins is most abundant?
albumin
The hematocrit is
the percentage of RBCs in a given volume of blood.
All of these prevent the spontaneous formation of a clot except
the presence of tissue thromboplastin.
Agglutination of red blood cells means
they clump together
A blood clot attached to a blood vessel wall is called a(an)
thrombus.
Structurally, lymph vessels are most similar to
veins.
_____ would not decrease colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in blood.
A diet predominantly based on red meat
Interferon production is stimulated by
A viral infection
Type A blood can safely donate RBCs to _____ and can receive RBCs of type ____.
AB; O
In the platelet release reaction..
ADP and thromboxanes stimulate other platelets to become activated
Healing after clot formation involves
All of these choices are correct.
The antibodies that circulate in the plasma are made by
B lymphocytes or plasma cells, which are part of the immune system.
Humoral immunity takes care of intracellular viruses, whereas cellular immunity takes care of extracellular viruses. (T/F)
False
_____ is a protein not commonly found in plasma.
Hemoglobin
This is the class of immunoglobulin that provides passive immunity to the newborn.
IgA
The immunoglobulin that is often the first antibody produced in response to an antigen is
IgM
Which of the following statements regarding leukocytes is true?
Leukocytes are the largest of the formed elements.
In which of the following situations might Rh incompatibility develop?
Mother is Rh negative; fetus is Rh positive
When a blood vessel is damaged, which of the following events occurs last?
Platelets begin to stick to each other and form a plug.
_____ is more likely to cause anemia than any of the other factors below.
Renal insufficiency
A woman has her right breast and right axillary lymph nodes removed. Which of the following might occur?
Right lymphatic duct drainage decreases causing edema in the right arm.
_____ determines which B-cell is cloned in an antibody-mediated response.
The antigen
When erythrocytes are destroyed, which of the following events occurs?
The globin portion of the molecule is broken down into amino acids.
Interleukins are chemical signals by which immune cells communicate with each other. (T/F)
True
All these can cause leukopenia except
dehydration
If your son is diagnosed with hemophilia, he would have
a disorder of the clotting process.
The structural framework of the blood clot is formed by
a fibrin polymer.
Sickle-cell disease is not
advantageous to protect carriers against malaria.
A lysozyme is
an enzyme found in body fluids that destroys certain bacteria.
These are the least abundant formed elements.
basophils
In adults, red blood cells are made in one place, spend most of their lifespan in another, and most are finally destroyed in yet another place. Which choice lists these locations in the correct chronological order?
bone marrow; blood vessels; spleen
Complement proteins
can form holes in the plasma membrane of target cells.
The viscosity of blood is due more to ______ than to any other factor.
erythrocytes
Which of the following formed elements do not have chromosomes?
erythrocytes and reticulocytes
The most numerous of leukocytes is the
neutrophil
Differential count of ________ typically increases in response to bacterial infections.
neutrophils
Which of the following phrases is least likely to be used in describing erythrocytes?
nucleus is centrally located
RhoGam injections are given to
prevent sensitization of the mother.
The inflammatory response
prevents the spread of an infection.
Blood does not
produce plasma hormones.
A blood clot that forms when a blood vessel is cut is an example of blood functioning in
protection
An increase in hemoglobin increases
the ability of the blood to carry oxygen to various tissues.
When a person is transfused with the wrong blood type...
the erythrocytes agglutinate.
This organ shows a remarkable degree of degeneration (involution) with age.
thymus
A person with type O blood should receive a blood transfusion from a donor with
type O blood.
B-cells
when activated become plasma cells and produce antibodies.