Blood and Lymphatics A&P test

Circulatory changes that occur in inflammation include

migration of white blood cells to the site of injury.

Which of the following is an agranulocyte?

monocyte

Macrophages are derived from

monocytes.

The ____ tonsils are the largest, and their tonsillectomy (surgical removal) used to be one of the most common surgical procedures performed in children.

palatine

The condition characterized by overproduction of erythrocytes is called

erythrocytosis

The plasma component that forms fibrin, the insoluble protein, in a blood clot is

fibrinogen.

Type AB blood

has both A and B antigens on the red cells.

Antibodies

have a variable region that binds to a specific antigenic determinant.

Basophils of the blood help to get defensive leukocytes to the site quickly by releasing an anticoagulant called _____ and a vasodilator called _____.

heparin; histamine

Which of the following substances causes increased capillary permeability, chemotaxis, and vasodilation?

histamine

Each body function on the left is correctly matched with the corresponding function of the blood on the right except:

immune function - platelet factors initiate coagulation

One characteristic of the immune response is specificity. This means that

immunity is directed against a particular pathogen.

Which of the following would lead to increased erythropoiesis?

increased erythropoietin levels

Aspirin inhibits platelet plug formation by

interfering with the synthesis of prostaglandins.

All these can lead to polycythemia except

iron deficiency

Heparin

is a potent anticoagulant.

Interferon

is a protein that interferes with virus production and infection.

Iron

is needed to produce hemoglobin.

Plasma

is the liquid matrix of the blood.

The only formed elements that possess a nucleus when mature are the

leukocytes.

Bean-shaped lymphatic organs found along lymphatic vessels are called

lymph-nodes

Which of the following cell types is incorrectly matched with its description?

lymphocytes - become macrophages.

Lymphocyte activation can occur in several ways. However, in all cases

lymphocytes must recognize an antigen.

Which blood component is not correctly matched with its function

platelets - phagocytize bacteria

Lymph is similar to blood plasma but very low in

protein

Tonsils

provide protection against bacteria.

The secondary or memory response

provides better protection than the primary response.

Myeloid hemopoiesis in adults happens in the

red bone marrow

Which of the following cell types is an immature red blood cell?

reticulocyte

Autoimmune diseases are disorders in which the immune system fails to distinguish _______ from foreign ones.

self-antigens

Platelets release _____, a chemical vasoconstrictor that contributes to the vascular spasm.

serotonin

An increased amount of heparin in the blood might

slow down the clotting process.

Erythropoiesis does not require

vitamin K

When the antigens on erythrocytes bind with antibodies in the plasma,

agglutination of erythrocytes occurs.

Which of the following plasma proteins is most abundant?

albumin

The hematocrit is

the percentage of RBCs in a given volume of blood.

All of these prevent the spontaneous formation of a clot except

the presence of tissue thromboplastin.

Agglutination of red blood cells means

they clump together

A blood clot attached to a blood vessel wall is called a(an)

thrombus.

Structurally, lymph vessels are most similar to

veins.

_____ would not decrease colloid osmotic pressure (COP) in blood.

A diet predominantly based on red meat

Interferon production is stimulated by

A viral infection

Type A blood can safely donate RBCs to _____ and can receive RBCs of type ____.

AB; O

In the platelet release reaction..

ADP and thromboxanes stimulate other platelets to become activated

Healing after clot formation involves

All of these choices are correct.

The antibodies that circulate in the plasma are made by

B lymphocytes or plasma cells, which are part of the immune system.

Humoral immunity takes care of intracellular viruses, whereas cellular immunity takes care of extracellular viruses. (T/F)

False

_____ is a protein not commonly found in plasma.

Hemoglobin

This is the class of immunoglobulin that provides passive immunity to the newborn.

IgA

The immunoglobulin that is often the first antibody produced in response to an antigen is

IgM

Which of the following statements regarding leukocytes is true?

Leukocytes are the largest of the formed elements.

In which of the following situations might Rh incompatibility develop?

Mother is Rh negative; fetus is Rh positive

When a blood vessel is damaged, which of the following events occurs last?

Platelets begin to stick to each other and form a plug.

_____ is more likely to cause anemia than any of the other factors below.

Renal insufficiency

A woman has her right breast and right axillary lymph nodes removed. Which of the following might occur?

Right lymphatic duct drainage decreases causing edema in the right arm.

_____ determines which B-cell is cloned in an antibody-mediated response.

The antigen

When erythrocytes are destroyed, which of the following events occurs?

The globin portion of the molecule is broken down into amino acids.

Interleukins are chemical signals by which immune cells communicate with each other. (T/F)

True

All these can cause leukopenia except

dehydration

If your son is diagnosed with hemophilia, he would have

a disorder of the clotting process.

The structural framework of the blood clot is formed by

a fibrin polymer.

Sickle-cell disease is not

advantageous to protect carriers against malaria.

A lysozyme is

an enzyme found in body fluids that destroys certain bacteria.

These are the least abundant formed elements.

basophils

In adults, red blood cells are made in one place, spend most of their lifespan in another, and most are finally destroyed in yet another place. Which choice lists these locations in the correct chronological order?

bone marrow; blood vessels; spleen

Complement proteins

can form holes in the plasma membrane of target cells.

The viscosity of blood is due more to ______ than to any other factor.

erythrocytes

Which of the following formed elements do not have chromosomes?

erythrocytes and reticulocytes

The most numerous of leukocytes is the

neutrophil

Differential count of ________ typically increases in response to bacterial infections.

neutrophils

Which of the following phrases is least likely to be used in describing erythrocytes?

nucleus is centrally located

RhoGam injections are given to

prevent sensitization of the mother.

The inflammatory response

prevents the spread of an infection.

Blood does not

produce plasma hormones.

A blood clot that forms when a blood vessel is cut is an example of blood functioning in

protection

An increase in hemoglobin increases

the ability of the blood to carry oxygen to various tissues.

When a person is transfused with the wrong blood type...

the erythrocytes agglutinate.

This organ shows a remarkable degree of degeneration (involution) with age.

thymus

A person with type O blood should receive a blood transfusion from a donor with

type O blood.

B-cells

when activated become plasma cells and produce antibodies.