Blood

the average adult has how many liters of blood?

4-6 liters

normally blood is composed of ____% blood cells, and ____% plasma.

45% and 55%

Transport

Blood transport oxygen and nutrients to the cells. It transports carbon dioxide and waste products to the lungs and kidneys.

explain the function of platelets

Produced in the bone marrow and are responsible for hemostasis.

Polycythemia Vera is the overproduction of what?

RBC

What are the four main components of blood?

RBCs, WBCs, platelets, plasma

Explain the roles of red blood cells and hemoglobin in the blood's transportation function.

Red blood cells (RBC): part of the transportation function of blood and contain hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a special protein that helps carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body and returns carbon dioxide to the lungs.

Describe red blood cells

They are the most abundant cells in the body. They're produced in the bone marrow and contain hemoglobin.

Describe the life cycle of RBCs

They have a 120-day life cycle. They mature for seven days, then are released into the bloodstream. They cannot repair themselves.

Why is it important that RBCs do not have a nucleus?

They have no nucleus so they can easily fit through different-sized blood vessels.

what are the three functions of blood?

Transportation: transport oxygens, nutrients, and hormones to cells of the body; Protection: fights infection with specialized blood cells; Regulation: regulates homeostasis by helping to form blood clots

explain the function of white blood cells

WBCs are produced in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. They help fight infection.

what is hypoxemia?

a deficiency of oxygen in the blood

explain how WBCs fight infection

help fight infection by destroying any pathogens that may have entered the area and remove cellular debris

what are three things plasm proteins do?

help regulate fluid biome, protect body from pathogens, and prevent excessive blood-loss from injury

Protection

helps prevent infection and blood loss

The process of blood formation is ________. The two types of hematopoietic tissue are red bone marrow and _______ tissue.

hematopoiesis, lymphatic

WBCs help protect the body from what?

infection

what does cyanosis cause the skin to look like?

it causes the skin to look blue

What does hemoglobin consist of?

it consists of "globin" which is a protein

what is the function of neutrophils?

it is the most common type of WBC. it kills bacteria through a process called phagocytosis.

WBCs are called?

leukocytes

describe what occurs as a person loses blood from a minor loss to 20%-30% loss to 50% loss

minor blood loss: little effect 20% - 30% blood loss: blood pressure, heart rate, disorientation, shock, breathing trouble 50% blood loss: heart stops, organs shut down, possible death

How are sickle cell anemia RBCs shaped?

"C" or sickle shaped

basophils

they fight against hypersentivity reactions in the bloodstream. They contain histamine that cause vessels to dilate, allowing more immune cells to reach an injury.

describe the function of platelets

they help form clots to stop bleeding, a process called hemostasis

what is the function of eosinophils?

they release toxins that kill pathogens and play a role in allergic reactions.

what is another name for platelets?

thrombocytes

Three general functions of blood

transport, regulate, and protect

when might a blood transfusion fail?

when the donor and the recipient's blood are not complete

Leuko means?

white

plasm is pale ___________ and is mostly composed on _______.

yellow fluid, water

Bone marrow depression is called?

myelosuppression

what are five types of WBCs?

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes

RBCs transport what to body tissues?

oxygen

the biggest function of RBCs is the transport of what?

oxygen and carbon dioxide

describe the two phases of hemostasis

phase 1: blood vessels will spasm and then it will vasoconstrict (get smaller) and then a platelet plugs forms to stop bleeding Phase 2: platelets release chemicals to attract more platelets, it will strengthen the platelet plug which will prevent bleeding

the two components of blood are ______ and __________.

plasma and formed elements

_______ are called thrombocytes. They are part of our clotting mechanisms, and hep protect the body from ______.

platelets, bleeding.

Serum- Plasma minus clotting _____________.

proteins

Blood can be bright _____, or darker blue _____

red

erythro means?

red

Most of the blood cells are ?

red blood cells

What are immature RBCs called?

reticulocytes

hematocrit is the percent of blood cells in a ______________?

sample of blood

what are the functions of monocytes?

the largest WBCs. they enter damaged tissue, convert to macrophages, which destroy old, dead, and damaged cells

what is hemostasis?

the process that stops bleeding at the site of an injury while allowing normal blood flow elsewhere

what are the functions of lymphocytes?

there are TWO types bu they basically remember, identify, and help destroy pathogens and cancer cells.

RBCs are called?

erythrocytes

What is another name for red blood cells?

erythrocytes

What are two types of antigens on RBCs that determine blood type?

A and B

what is a blood transfusion and when is it necessary?

A medical procedure in which donated blood is transferred into a recipient. Transfusions are done due to injury, surgery, or bleeding disorders that cause blood loss.

why is AB+ called the "universal recipient" ?

Because AB+ has both types of antigens and the Rh protein, a person with this blood type can accept any A blood type.

why is O- called the "universal doctor"

Because O- does not have any antigens or Rh protein, this blood type can be given to a person of any other blood types.

explain Rh disease (Rh incompatibility)

An Rh negative mother and Rh positive father, the baby is Rh positive. If some of the babies blood were to cross with the mother, her body would make antibodies against the baby. Though on the first pregnancy, it is not affected.

Regulation:

Fluid and electrolyte balance, acid base balance and helps regulate body temperature.

list the four characteristics of blood

Hemoglobin contains iron and becomes red when mixed with oxygen, stickier and thicker than water, averaging 100.4 degrees fahrenheit, slight alkaline pH range between 7.35 and 7.45.

why is it important to understand blood types?

It is crucial when evaluating and treating health conditions. Receiving the right blood type during a transfusion is crucial. Not receiving the correct blood type can kill you.

explain the functions of plasma

It is the liquid portion of the blood that transports blood cells, nutrients, antibodies, proteinsm and hormones throughout the body and carries waste away from cells.

what are antigens?

Markers, or special traits, on RBC that characterize the cell type.

________ are in red marrow. Along with specific growth factors help differentiate our blood cells into RBCs, ______, and ______.

Stem cells, WBCs, and platelets

what is needed for a successful blood transfusion?

The done and recipient blood must be typed are matched so that their blood types are compatible. Additionally, an antibody screen test must be done. An antibody screen tests for antibodies other than A, B, and Rh.

what is hemostasis?

The process that forms clots to stop bleeding at the site of an injury while still allowing normal blood flow elsewhere to maintain homeostasis in the body.

What is hematopoiesis?

The process through which blood cells are produced in the body.

Hematology

The study of blood.

what percentage of blood makes a person's body weight?

adults about 7% of their body weight, usually 1.2 to 1.5 gallons.

plasma proteins are made of clotting factors, antibodies, complement proteins and what else?

albumin

what is rhesus, or Rh, factor?

an inherited protein on the surface of RBC. If Rh is present, the blood type is positive. If Rh is absent, the blood type is negative

a person with low HCT (hematocrit), is?

anemic

deoxygenated or oxygen-poor blood is ______-red

blue

Myelo means?

bone marrow

well oxygenated blood is ______ red.

bright

Your blood is a type of ______?

connective tissue

radiation therapy and some medications can cause bone marrow ________, known as myelosuppression.

depression