Blood Vessels

72) The release of which hormone is most likely to cause a reduction in blood volume and pressure? A) atrial natriuretic peptide B) norepinephrine C) aldosterone D) antidiuretic hormone

A) atrial natriuretic peptide

55) If a person were to have substantial blood loss, you would expect to see all of the following physiological events to happen EXCEPT one. Select the least likely response to substantial bloodloss. A) decreased heart rate B) increasing vasomotor tone C) a weak, thread pulse D) increases peripheral resistance

A) decreased heart rate

117) Arteriolar blood pressure increases in response to all but which of the following? A) falling blood volume B) increasing heart rate C) increasing stroke volume D) rising blood volume E) all of these

A) falling blood volume

108) Cerebral blood flow is regulated by ________. A) intrinsic autoregulatory mechanisms B) ADH C) the hypothalamic "thermostat" D) skin temperature

A) intrinsic autoregulatory mechanisms

62) In red bone marrow newly formed blood cells enter the circulation. You would expect to see many ________ type of capillaries in red bone marrow. A) sinusoid B) metarterioles C) continuous D) fenestrated

A) sinusoid

54) Reduction in the concentration of albumin in blood plasma would alter capillary exchange by ________. A) increasing hydrostatic pressure and edema will occur B) decreasing colloid osmotic pressure and edema will occur C) decreasing colloid osmotic pressure and blood volume, blood pressure increases D) increasing hydrostatic pressure and blood volume, blood pressure increases

B) decreasing colloid osmotic pressure and edema will occur

59) Which of the following would NOT be expected from taking a diuretic drug? A) lower plasma volume B) greater stress on the heart to provide adequate perfusion C) increased urine output D) decreased blood pressure

B) greater stress on the heart to provide adequate perfusion

67) In general, it is expected that ________. A) hydrostatic pressure will remain constant throughout the capillary bed B) hydrostatic pressure will drop as blood moves away from the arteriole end of the capillary bed C) osmotic pressure will be lower in the arteriole end of the capillary bed compared to the venous end D) hydrostatic pressure will rise as blood moves away from the arteriole end of the capillary bed

B) hydrostatic pressure will drop as blood moves away from the arteriole end of the capillary bed

68) In general, it is expected that ________. A) osmotic pressure will be higher in the arteriole end of the capillary bed compared to the venous end B) osmotic pressure will remain relatively consistent throughout the capillary bed C) osmotic pressure will be lower in the arteriole end of the capillary bed compared to the venous end D) hydrostatic pressure will remain constant throughout the capillary bed

B) osmotic pressure will remain relatively consistent throughout the capillary bed

105) The velocity of blood flow is ________. A) in direct proportion to the total cross-sectional area of the blood vessels B) slowest in the capillaries because the total cross-sectional area is the greatest C) slower in the arteries than in capillaries because arteries possess a relatively large diameter D) slower in the veins than in the capillaries because veins have a large diameter

B) slowest in the capillaries because the total cross-sectional area is the greatest

99) Which of the following is NOT true regarding fenestrated capillaries? A) Fenestrated capillaries are essential for filtration of blood plasma in the kidney. B) Fenestrated capillaries in endocrine organs allow hormones rapid entry into the blood. C) Fenestrated capillaries form the blood-brain barrier. D) Fenestrated capillaries in the small intestine receive nutrients from digested food.

C) Fenestrated capillaries form the blood-brain barrier.

64) Which of the following statements is NOT true of the precapillary sphincters? A) They increase or decrease rates of perfusion to the tissues served by the true capillaries. B) They allow blood to bypass the true capillaries that are fed by the metarteriole. C) They decrease the osmotic pressure in the thoroughfare channel. D) They regulate the flow of blood to tissues served by the true capillaries.

C) They decrease the osmotic pressure in the thoroughfare channel.

87) Which of the choices below reflects the balance (or imbalance) between the direction and amount of fluid that flows across the capillary walls? A) blood volume and viscosity B) hydrostatic pressure only C) hydrostatic and osmotic pressure D) plasma and formed element concentration

C) hydrostatic and osmotic pressure

60) A person suddenly gaining significant amounts of adipose tissue can expect all of the following physiological changes except one. Which of the following is least likely to occur with a sudden and significant gain in adipose tissue? A) increased risk of developing atherosclerosis B) higher peripheral resistance and higher blood pressure C) lower heart rate and reduced blood flow D) increased angiogenesis and higher peripheral resistance

C) lower heart rate and reduced blood flow

107) A thrombus (blood clot) in the first branch of the arch of the aorta would affect the flow of blood to 107) the ________. A) left side of the head and neck B) myocardium of the heart C) right side of the head and neck and right upper arm D) left upper arm

C) right side of the head and neck and right upper arm

100) These capillaries may be lined with phagocytes that can extend their process into the plasma to catch "prey." A) thoroughfare channels B) anastomoses C) sinusoids D) fenestrations

C) sinusoids

106) Select the correct statement about blood flow. A) It is measured in mm Hg. B) It is relatively constant through all body organs. C) It is greatest where resistance is highest. D) Blood flow through the entire vascular system is proportional to cardiac output.

D) Blood flow through the entire vascular system is proportional to cardiac output.

114) If a person has lost a significant amount of blood but still maintains a normal blood pressure it does not necessarily mean that the person is maintaining adequate perfusion. Which of the following best explains why this is so? A) The heart has increased its rate to increase cardiac output. B) The heart has increased its contractile force increasing cardiac output. C) The sympathetic nervous system has increased its nervous impulses. D) Blood vessels are constricting causing greater peripheral resistance.

D) Blood vessels are constricting causing greater peripheral resistance.

71) The velocity of blood is slowest in the capillaries and pressure of blood is lowest in the veins. Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of the benefits of slow, low pressure blood in the capillary beds? A) Lower pressure reduces the chance of injury to delicate capillary vessels. B) Lower pressure on the venous end of the capillary bed allows for greater reabsorption of fluid back to the plasma. C) Slower blood flow through capillaries allows more time for diffusion to take place in the capillary bed. D) Lower pressure in the capillary bed helps to increase pressure in the venous circulation.

D) Lower pressure in the capillary bed helps to increase pressure in the venous circulation.

86) Blood flow to the skin ________. A) increases when body temperature drops so that the skin does not freeze B) is controlled mainly by decreasing pH C) is not an important source of nutrients and oxygen for skin cells D) increases when environmental temperature rises

D) increases when environmental temperature rises