BLS
hypotensive bradycardia requires
treatment
Relief of Choking in a Responsive Infant
-If you find an infant choking, and he or she is responsive, first sit or kneel with the infant in your lap. Hold the infant facedown and resting on your forearm, with the head slightly lower than the chest. Note: If it is easy to do, remove clothing from the infant's chest. -Support the head and jaw with your hand. Avoid compressing the soft tissues of the infant's throat. -Rest your forearm on your thigh to provide support. Deliver up to 5 back slaps forcefully between the infant's shoulder blades, using the heel of your hand. Deliver each slap with sufficient force to attempt to remove the foreign body. -Place your free hand on the infant's back, supporting the head with the palm of your hand. This will cradle the infant between your 2 forearms as you turn the infant over while carefully supporting the head and neck. -Keep the infant's head lower than the chest, and deliver up to 5 quick downward chest thrusts in the same location that you perform compressions—just below the nipple line, over the lower half of the breastbone. Do this at the rate of about 1 per second. Repeat the sequence of 5 back slaps and 5 chest thrusts until the object is removed or until the infant becomes unresponsive.
How to Perform Abdominal Thrusts
-Stand or kneel behind the victim and place your arms around the victim's waist; with one hand, locate the navel. -Then, make a fist with the other hand and place the thumb side of your fist against the victim's abdomen, just above the navel and below the breastbone. -Grasp your fist with the other hand and press your fist into the victim's abdomen with a quick, forceful upward thrust. -Repeat thrusts until the object is expelled from the airway or the victim becomes unresponsive.
infant CPR
1 1/2 inches compression at rate of 100-120/ min When compressing an infant's chest, a single rescuer should use 2 fingers in the center of the infant's chest, just below the nipple line, on the lower half of the breastbone.
Adult chain of survival
1. survialance 2. Early activation of code 3. Eearly CPR 4. Early defibrillation 5. Post-cardiac arrest care --> cath lab or ICU
chest compression 2 rescues
15-2 breaths
Heart Attack: What it is
A heart attack occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked. A heart attack occurs when a clot forms in a blood vessel carrying oxygenated blood to the heart muscle. If the blocked vessel is not reopened quickly, the muscle normally nourished by that vessel begins to die. A heart attack is a "clot" problem.
Supraventricular tachycardia
Adenosine
CPR
Begin cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths (CPR), starting with compressions. By starting compressions, you are initiating the C-A-B sequence, or chest compressions-airway-breathing sequence.
notice the C
Give 2 breaths after every set of 30 compressions. Deliver each breath over 1 second, with just enough volume to make the chest rise. Avoid excessive ventilation.
Heart attack in women
Heart attack symptoms in women can be different from those in men, and women may be more likely to experience Pain in the jaw, arms, back, or neck Light-headedness Nausea/vomiting
obese or pregnant?
If the victim is too large for you to wrap your arms around the waist, do chest thrusts instead of abdominal thrusts.
Heart Attack: What happens
Signs of a heart attack may appear immediately or last weeks or longer, and may include Severe discomfort in the chest or other areas of the upper body Shortness of breath Cold sweats Nausea/vomiting
Relief of Choking in a Responsive Adult or Child
Let's learn about choking. Use abdominal thrusts to relieve choking in a responsive adult or child.
Remember, high-quality CPR for adults includes these critical characteristics:
Push hard, push fast: Compress at a rate of 100 to 120/min, with a depth of at least 2 inches (5 cm). Allow complete chest recoil, and do not lean on the chest after compressions. Minimize interruptions in compressions to less than 10 seconds. Give effective breaths that make the chest rise and avoid excessive ventilation.
Sudden cardiac arrest
Sudden cardiac arrest occurs when the heart develops an abnormal rhythm and can't pump blood. Sudden cardiac arrest results from an abnormal heart rhythm. This abnormal rhythm causes the heart to quiver so it can no longer pump blood to the brain, lungs, and other organs. Sudden cardiac arrest is often a "rhythm" problem.
when to clear victim during AED
The AED operator clears the victim before rhythm analysis and then clears the victim before delivering a shock.
High quality CPR
To ensure high-quality CPR, it is important to perform compressions with the correct rate, depth, and compression-to-ventilation ratio. Push hard and fast: Rate: *Compress at a rate of 100 to 120/min.* Depth: Compress at a depth of at least 2 inches (5 cm). Ratio: The compression-to-ventilation ratio for adults is 30:2.
How to Open the Airway for Breaths
Use the head tilt-chin lift to open the airway. Follow these steps on an adult: Step 1: Place one hand on the victim's forehead, and push with your palm to tilt the head back. Step 2: Place the fingers of the other hand under the bony part of the lower jaw, near the chin. Step 3: Lift the jaw to bring the chin forward. This lifts the victim's tongue away from the back of the throat, relieving a possible airway obstruction.
intubation during cpr
When an advanced airway is in place during 2-rescuer CPR, the technique for CPR changes. For all ages, perform continual compressions at a rate of 100 to 120/min without pauses for breaths, and give 1 breath every 6 seconds (10 breaths per minute). The compression rate when an advanced airway is in place should remain at 100 to 120/min, with no pause to deliver breaths. During 2-rescuer CPR for an adult when an advanced airway is in place, the rescuer does not stop compressions to give breaths. The rescuer gives 1 breath every 6 seconds, which results in 10 breaths per minute.
Sudden Cardiac Arrest: What happens
Within seconds, the person becomes unresponsive and is not breathing or is only gasping. Death occurs within minutes if the victim does not receive immediate lifesaving treatment.
BLS for children
differences 1) chain of survivial --> prevention of cardiac arrest ---> CPR ---> Rapid activation of emergency reposonse --> advanced life support -->Post cardiac care 2) 15-2 if two rescuers, otherwise just like adult 30:2
infant BLS less than a year
differences: brachial pulse in an infant
2 person recuce CPR
guy with AED take over compressions after first shock
when to activate emergency response for child
if you don't witness the event, do 5 CPR cycles for a child before you go grab help only for child
check for breathing and pulse
look at chest rise check carotid pulse near you this should take 5 seconds but no more than 10 seconds
VT
perform defibr
Rescue breathing
pt has pulse but not breathing well?? give them only breaths without chest compressions 10-12 for adults For rescue breathing given to infants and children, give 1 breath every 3 to 5 seconds, or about 12 to 20 breaths per minute.
AED
step 1-Power on the AED if needed. Follow the AED prompts as a guide to next steps. step 2-Attach AED pads to the victim's bare chest. Choose adult pads for victims 8 years of age and older. Attach the adhesive AED pads to the victim's bare chest. Follow the placement diagrams on the pads. step 3- "Clear" the victim and analyze the rhythm. When the AED prompts you, clear the victim during analysis. Be sure that no one is touching the victim, not even the rescuer in charge of giving breaths. Some AEDs will tell you to push a button to allow the AED to begin analyzing the heart rhythm; others will do that automatically. The AED may take a few seconds to analyze. step 4- If the AED advises a shock, it will charge and then tell you again to clear the victim. Clear the victim before delivering the shock. Press the shock button. The shock will produce a sudden contraction of the victim's muscles. If no shock is needed, and after any shock delivery, immediately resume CPR, starting with chest compressions.
