BMS Chapter 22

Lymph nodes range in diameter from

1mm to 25mm

Autoantibodies are

Directed against the bodys own antigen

Which class of immunoglobulins sensitizes cells to allergens?

IgE

Adaptive defenses depend on the activities of

Lymphocytes

____ are clusters of lymphatic nodules deep to the epithelial lining of the small intestine

Peyer's patches

The term lymphadenopathy refers to

A chronic or excessive enlargement of the lymph nodes

All of the following are true of the thymus gland EXCEPT that it: -produces T cells -Activates B cells -involutes after puberty -reaches its greases relative size during the second year of life -lies in the anterior mediastinum

Activates B cells

Inflammation produces localized: -swelling -readness -heat -pain

All of the above

Innate defenses include: -interferons -inflammation -physical barriers -phagocytic cells

All of the above

Lymphocyte production and maturation involves: -Stem cells -Thymus tissue -Bone marrow -peripheral lymphatic tissue

All of the answers

Antigens that trigger allergic reactions are called

Allergens

Inappropriate or excessive immune responses to antigens are

Allergies

The classic pathway of complement activation begins when the protein C1 binds to

An antibody attached to an antigen

The body's innate defenses include all of the following except: -the skin -complement -interferon -inflammation -antibodies

Antibodies

Which of these is NOT one of the nonspecific defenses? -histamine -antibodies -neutrophils -interferons

Antibodies

The cells responsible for humoral immunity are the _____ cells

B cells

In order for a lymphocyte to respond to an antigen, the antigen must

Bind to specific receptors on the lymphocyte surface.

In passive immunity,

Body receives antibodies produced by other humans or animals

Each of the following is a physical barrier to infection except: -epithelium -body hair -basement membranes -secretions -complement

Complement

Lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus-infected cells are _____ cells

Cytotoxic T cells

The cells directly responsible for cellular immunity are the _______ cells?

Cytotoxic T cells

T cells and B cells can be activated only by

Exposure to specific antigen at a specific site in the plasma membrane

Activated Macrophages release endogenous pyrogens that cause _____

Fever

Which class of cells is particularly abundant in the red pulp of the spleen?

Free and fixed macrophages

What is the role of helper t cells in the adaptive immune response?

Helper T cells active B cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes to kill infected host cells

During a primary immune response, the

IgM titer is initially higher than the IgG titer

Lymphocytes provide an adoptive or specific defense known as

Immune response

The term ________ refers to antibodies found in body fluids.

Immunoglobulins

Suppressor T cells act to

Inhibit T and B cells activities

Immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called ____ immunity

Innate

Which of the following innate internal defenses work by interfering with viral replication?

Interferons

Microglia are to the CNS as Kupffer cells are to the

Liver

Which is not a lymphoid organ? -liver -spleen -thymus -lymph node

Liver

Lymphatic vessels provide a conduit for metastasizing cancer cells. Ideally, such cells are removed and destroyed by what structure, which thus prevents the spread of cancer?

Lymph nodes

The white pulp of the spleen is populated by

Lymphocytes

What cell type is essential to immune response?

Lymphocytes

An inflammatory response is triggered when

Mast cells release histamine and heparin

The student who caught the cold caused by this specific Rhinovirus was exposed to the exact same Rhinovirus 18 months later. What component of the immune system will protect her from getting the same cold again?

Memory B cell

Fixed macrophages found in the central nervous system are called

Microglia

The phagocytic antigen-persenting cells belong to the ______ group

Monocyte-macrophage

Various types of macrophages are derived from

Monocytes

Plasma contains _____ special proteins that form the complement system

More than 30

The cells that perform immuneological surveillance are the _____ cells

NK

Immunity that results from antibodies that pass through the placenta from mother to fetus is called ________ immunity.

Naturally acquired passive

Macrophages include

Neutrophils and eosinophils

The release of endogenous pyrogen (or interleukin-1) by active macrophages would

Produce a fever

Stem cells that can form all types of lymphocytes are concentrated in the

Red bone marrow

Stem cells that will form B cells or NK cells are only found in the

Red bone marrow

Which of the following are primary lymphoid organs?

Red bone marrow and thymus

Lymphocytes...

Respond to antigens

The thoracic duct drains from all of the following regions EXCEPT the: -right knee -right breast -right knee and right breast -pelvic viscera -left arm and shoulder

Right breast

If the thymus shrank and stop making thymosins, we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number of

T cells

Lymphatic tissue is found in the greatest quantity in

The adult spleen

T lymphocytes are produced and stored in all of the following EXCEPT: -The brain -The spleen -The thymus -Lymph node organs -Lymphatic nodules

The brain

Leslie has a severe sore throat and the lymph nodes in her neck are swollen. This would indicate that

The lymph nodes contain an increased number of lymphocytes

Lymphatic organs differ from lymphatic tissues in what way?

They are surrounded by a fibrous capsule and lymphatic tissues are not

Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by the way of the

Thoracic duct

There is a decrease in our ability to fight infection as we age. Which lymphoid organ may have a role in this decline?

Thymus

T is to _____ as B is to ______

Thymus-dependent; Bone marrow-derived

An infection and inflammation aggregated lymphatic nodules in the pharynx is called

Tonsillitis

_____ are large lymphatic nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx.

Tonsils

The lymphatic system is composed of all of the following EXCEPT: -Venae cavae -the spleen -lymph -lymph nodes -lymphatic vessels

Venae cavae

Which of the following areas in a secondary lymphoid organ allows intimate contact between blood and the lymphocytes?

White pulp of the spleen

The primary function of the lymphatic system is

defending the body from both external and internal threats

The lymphatic system does all of the following EXCEPT: -helps maintain normal blood volume -fights infection -transports lipids from the digestive tract -transports gases to and away from lymph nodes -eliminates variations in the composition of interstitial fluid

transports gases to and way from lymph nodes