Board Review Questions

Protein, fat, and starch digestion takes place primarily in the: A) A. Stomach B) B. Small intestine C) C. Large intestine D) D. Mouth

B) B. Small intestine

In which type of immunopathologic disease are the cells of the body no longer tolerated and the immune system treats them as antigens? A) A. Hypersensitivity B) B. Immunodeficiency C) C. Opportunistic infection D) D. Autoimmune diseases

D) D. Autoimmune diseases

All of the following are risk factors of a cardiovascular accident (stroke) EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A) A. Hypertension B) B. Diabetes mellitus C) C. Hyperlipidemia D) D. Asthma

D) D. Asthma

Tachycardia is characterized by an increase in: A) A. Pulse rate B) B. Blood pressure C) C. Body temperature D) D. Respirations

A) A. Pulse rate

Which one of the following when taken with antacids can result in a decrease in intestinal absorption of the medication? A) A. Meperidine (Demerol) B) B. Penicillin V C) C. Tetracycline D) D. Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

A) A. Meperidine (Demerol)

A circular structure in the cell that contains powerful digestive enzymes and acts as a scavenger is the: A) A. Mitochondrium B) B. Lysosome C) C. Endoplasmic reticulum D) D. Golgi apparatus

A) A. Mitochondrium

The main difference between a verucca vulgaris and a papilloma is that: A) A. One is viral and the other is a true benign neoplasm B) B. Pain is associated with papilloma C) C. Common local recurrence of papilloma D) D. The presence of virus particles in a verucca vulgaris

A) A. One is viral and the other is a true benign neoplasm

Which form of the x-ray beam is MOST detrimental to the client and the operator? A) A. Primary radiation B) B. Secondary radiation C) C. Scatter radiation D) D. Useful beam

A) A. Primary radiation

When taking a radiograph, how many inches is the recommended size of the beam at the client's face? A) A. 2.75 B) B. 3.25 C) C. 3.50 D) D. 4.00

A) A. 2.75

The gingival col area is particularly susceptible to destruction because of: A) A. Absence of keratinization and interproximal location B) B. Keratinization and a rough surface C) C. Facial location, where toothbrushing could easily destroy it D) D. Posterior location, where the client cannot reach

A) A. Absence of keratinization and interproximal location

In the dental setting, interpretation refers to an explanation of what is viewed on a radiograph, whereas the term diagnosis refers to the identification of a problem, deficit, or disease by examination or analysis. A) A. Both statements are TRUE B) B. Both statements are FALSE C) C. The first statement is TRUE; the second statement is FALSE D) D. The first statement is FALSE; the second statement is TRUE

A) A. Both statements are TRUE

Periodontal pathogens are communicable. Research shows that destructive periodontal microorganisms can be passed between parent and child and between spouses through saliva. A) A. Both statements are TRUE B) B. Both statements are FALSE C) C. The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE D) D. The first statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE

A) A. Both statements are TRUE

Dental biofilm that is capable of demineralizing tooth structure is referred to as: A) A. Cariogenic B) B. Calculogenic C) C. Pathogenic D) D. Periogenic

A) A. Cariogenic

Which of the following factors may increase the risk of bradycardia? A) A. Exercise B) B. Fasting C) C. Stimulants D) D. Anxiety

A) A. Exercise

What is the name of the zone in which structures are clearly demonstrated on panoramic radiograph? A) A. Focal trough B) B. Rectification C) C. Penumbra D) D. Midsagittal plane

A) A. Focal trough

What is the MOST likely cause of early childhood caries (ECC)? A) A. Frequent intake of milk or juice in baby bottles and or prolonged breast feeding B) B. Too early introduction of solid foods C) C. Early tooth eruption into the child's mouth D) D. Excessive alcohol consumption by the mother during pregnancy

A) A. Frequent intake of milk or juice in baby bottles and or prolonged breast feeding

A combination of antibody and antigen is: A) A. Immune complex B) B. Humoral immunity C) C. Rheumatoid factor D) D. Autoimmune disease

A) A. Immune complex

All wounds are subject to certain complications. Which of the following dangers should be given first consideration? A) A. Infection B) B. Edema C) C. Inflammation D) D. Erythema

A) A. Infection

Two thirds of the body's water is found in: A) A. Intracellular fluid B) B. Extracellular fluid C) C. Muscles D) D. Blood

A) A. Intracellular fluid

Which one of the following is MOST characteristic of nitrous oxide abuse? A) A. Is found primarily in food service employees B) B. Can lead to physical dependence C) C. Can cause infertility D) D. Can cause myelocytosis

A) A. Is found primarily in food service employees

The color of the marginal gingiva of a client with chronic inflammation is predominantly: A) A. Red, or pink if it is fibrotic B) B. Coral pink with or without melanin pigmentation C) C. Blue D) D. White

A) A. Red, or pink if it is fibrotic

The type of epithelial tissue that is found in the oral cavity is called: A) A. Stratified squamous epithelium B) B. Simple columnar epithelium C) C. Simple cuboidal epithelium D) D. Pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium

A) A. Stratified squamous epithelium

The nasal septum is composed of: A) A. Vomer and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone B) B. Greater wing of the sphenoid bone C) C. Mandible and temporal bones D) D. Occipital and parietal bones

A) A. Vomer and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

Deposition of calcium salts in a tooth that is either a response to age or is caused by a stimulus is called pulp calcification. When this occurs in the pulp cavities, this is a: A) A. Cementoma B) B. Pulp stone C) C. Linear calcification D) D. Dentoma

B) B. Pulp stone

Functions of the adult liver include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A) A. Bile formation B) B. Reticuloendothelial activity C) C. Glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis D) D. Erythropoiesis E) E. Detoxication

B) B. Reticuloendothelial activity

Using 10 milliamperes (mA) with an exposure time of 3 seconds would result in 30 mAs. If the milliamperage is increased to 15, the time must be decreased to __________seconds to maintain the same density of the exposed radiograph. A) A. 0.5 B) B. 1.0 C) C. 1.5 D) D. 2.0

B) B. 1.0

What is the amount of extra calories a woman needs during the first trimester of pregnancy? A) A. 0 B) B. 300 C) C. 900 D) D. 1200

B) B. 300

How many 8-ounce glasses of water per day should the average adult drink? A) A. 5 to 7 B) B. 8 to 10 C) C. 11 to 12 D) D. 13 to 14

B) B. 8 to 10

When one drug reduces the absorption of another drug, what is a common strategy to minimize the interaction? A) A. Administration of one of the drugs by injection B) B. Administration of doses 2 hours apart C) C. Withholding of all drugs for 24 hours D) D. Withholding of one of the drugs until therapy with other drug is completed

B) B. Administration of doses 2 hours apart

Which type of immunity may be immediately provided to a dental hygienist following an accidental curet laceration of the finger accident during hand-activated instrumentation (scaling)? A) A. Natural passive immunity B) B. Artificial passive immunity C) C. Natural active immunity D) D. Artificial active immunity

B) B. Artificial passive immunity

During treatment of a client with compromised pulmonary function, all of the following must be done EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A) A. Avoid using motor-driven polishing devices B) B. Ask the client to be pre-medicated C) C. Avoid aerosol producing mechanized scalers D) D. Ask the client if they would like to be in a more upright position

B) B. Ask the client to be pre-medicated

Which of the following types of cells is MOST radiosensitive? A) A. Nerve B) B. Bone marrow C) C. Muscle D) D. Salivary glands

B) B. Bone marrow

The MOST common cause of tooth mobility is caused by: A) A. Excessive occlusal biting forces B) B. Destruction of the periodontium C) C. Aggressive periodontal instrumentation D) D. Generalized gingival recession

B) B. Destruction of the periodontium

Infectious mononucleosis is caused by: A) A. Gram-negative bacteria B) B. Epstein-Barr virus C) C. Thermophilic fungus D) D. Slow virus

B) B. Epstein-Barr virus

Which of the following BEST describes bruxism? A) A. Chemical wearing of tooth structure B) B. Grinding of teeth C) C. Breakdown of tooth structure because of bacterial attack D) D. Uneven pitting of the facial surface

B) B. Grinding of teeth

Cardiac output is the product of: A) A. Heart rate and peripheral resistance B) B. Heart rate and stroke volume C) C. Heart rate and strength of contraction D) D. Heart rate and vascular dilation

B) B. Heart rate and stroke volume

The byproducts from smoking are eliminated from the body by: A) A. Exhaling B) B. Liver metabolism C) C. Lung absorption D) D. Blood dissemination

B) B. Liver metabolism

Which of the following terms MOST accurately describes the dose of radiation that the body can endure with little or no chance of injury? A) A. Cumulative dose B) B. Maximum permissible dose C) C. Threshold dose D) D. Erythema dose

B) B. Maximum permissible dose

The abuse of alcohol by a pregnant woman can cause all of the following to the fetus EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A) A. Low birth weight B) B. Mental illness C) C. Spontaneous abortion D) D. Fetal alcohol syndrome

B) B. Mental illness

Which of the following cells would be the predominant cell seen in an acute inflammatory reaction? A) A. Monocyte B) B. Neutrophil C) C. Plasma cell D) D. Foreign body giant cell

B) B. Neutrophil

The junction of three surfaces on the crown of a tooth is referred to as: A) A. Line angle B) B. Point angle C) C. Occlusal surface D) D. Incisal edge

B) B. Point angle

When reviewing a dentigerous cyst on a radiograph, the radiolucent area will: A) A. Be found in a place of a tooth B) B. Surround the crown of an unerupted or impacted tooth C) C. Surround the root apex of a fully erupted tooth D) D. Surround the root apex of an impacted tooth

B) B. Surround the crown of an unerupted or impacted tooth

What type of lymphocyte matures in the thymus, produces lymphokines, and can affect the humoral immune response? A) A. B lymphocyte B) B. T lymphocyte C) C. Plasma cell D) D. Macrophage

B) B. T lymphocyte

The ceiling dose (effect) relates significantly to: A) A. Efficacy B) B. Threshold dose C) C. Placebo D) D. Affinity

B) B. Threshold dose

The muscles of facial expression and taste are controlled by cranial nerve: A) A. V B) B. VII C) C. X D) D. XII

B) B. VII

A fluid-filled skin elevation, which is 1cm or less in diameter and contains serum or mucin, is BEST described as a: A) A. Papule B) B. Vesicle C) C. Lobule D) D. Macule

B) B. Vesicle

Factors that enable bacteria to colonize, invade, and damage tissues are referred to as _________ factors: A) A. Bacterial B) B. Virulence C) C. Facultative D) D. Enzymatic

B) B. Virulence

Anorexics are commonly deficient in: A) A. Iron B) B. Zinc C) C. Chromium D) D. Magnesium

B) B. Zinc

A malignant tumor of bone forming tissue is called: A) A. Chondrosarcoma B) B. Angiosarcoma C) C. Osteosarcoma D) D. Hemangiosarcoma

C) C. Osteosarcoma

The localized entrapment of pathogens from a dental infection in a closed tissue space is called: A) A. Paresthesia B) B. Osteomyelitis C) C. Abscess D) D. Pustule

C) C. Abscess

Pellicle formation involves: A) A. Bacterial colonization B) B. Focal areas of mineralization C) C. Adhesion of salivary proteins to the tooth surface D) D. Organized mass of organisms

C) C. Adhesion of salivary proteins to the tooth surface

All of the following are included in the "5 A's of smoking cessation" EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A) A. Ask B) B. Advice C) C. Admit D) D. Arrange E) E. Assess

C) C. Admit

Which fibers of the principal fiber group run from the alveolar crest to cementum just below the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ)? A) A. Oblique B) B. Horizontal C) C. Alveolar crest D) D. Inter-radicular

C) C. Alveolar crest

All of the following are side effects associated with oral contraceptives EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A) A. Headache B) B. Weight gain C) C. Anorexia D) D. Nausea

C) C. Anorexia

The client indicates on the health history form that she has asthma. It may be recommended that she take any of the following medications EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A) A. Bronchodilator B) B. Prednisone C) C. Aspirin D) D. Triamicinolone

C) C. Aspirin

During which stage of tooth development can macrodontia and microdontia occur? A) A. Bud B) B. Cap C) C. Bell D) D. Postdevelopment

C) C. Bell

Class II occlusion is a molar relationship of the: A) A. Buccal groove of the mandibular molar is mesial to the mesiobuccal (MB) cusp of the maxillary molar B) B. Buccal groove of the mandibular molar is aligned with the MB cusp of the maxillary molar C) C. Buccal groove of the mandibular molar is distal to the MB cusp of the maxillary molar D) D. MB cusps of the maxillary and mandibular molars are in an end-to-end relationship

C) C. Buccal groove of the mandibular molar is distal to the MB cusp of the maxillary molar

A carious lesion of the first lower permanent molar is observed and a mass of tissue is protruding from the large cavity opening. The client is 10 years old and has no symptoms. What is the mass of tissue called? A) A. Cementoma B) B. Periapical abscess pulpitis C) C. Chronic hyperplastic pulpitis D) D. Periapical granuloma

C) C. Chronic hyperplastic pulpitis

During the client's periodontal evaluation, the hygienist detects a furcation on tooth #30 and notes that the Nabers probe enters into the furcation area and penetrate through to the opposite side, however, the furcation is still covered with soft tissue. This type of furcation involvement is classified as: A) A. Class I B) B. Class II C) C. Class III D) D. Class IV

C) C. Class III

Odontogenic keratocysts are of particular clinical importance because they: A) A. Often become malignant B) B. Are frequently found in amelobastomas C) C. Commonly recur after surgical removal D) D. Often occur after endodontic treatment of a radicular cyst

C) C. Commonly recur after surgical removal

Symptoms of nicotine addiction include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A) A. Depression B) B. Anxiety C) C. Decreased appetite D) D. Irritability

C) C. Decreased appetite

Which of the following terms BEST describes the involvement of the attached gingiva, the papilla, and the free gingiva? A) A. Localized B) B. Papillary C) C. Diffuse D) D. Marginal

C) C. Diffuse

During radiographic exposure, if the vertical angulation of the cone is too flat, the image on the film becomes distorted. Which of the following terms BEST describes the appearance of the tooth? A) A. Foreshortened B) B. Overlapped C) C. Elongated D) D. Normal

C) C. Elongated

On x-ray examination, a radiolucent, pear-shaped lesion is found distal to a client's maxillary right lateral incisor causing divergence of the lateral and canine roots. The lesion is probably a(an): A) A. Odontogenic keratocyst B) B. Ameloblastoma C) C. Globulomaxillary cyst D) D. Giant cell tumor

C) C. Globulomaxillary cyst

Side effects of calcium channel blocking agents include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A) A. Stomatitis B) B. Hypotension C) C. Increased bleeding D) D. Heartburn

C) C. Increased bleeding

What bones form the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)? A) A. Vomer and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone B) B. Greater wing of the sphenoid and frontal bones C) C. Mandible and temporal bones D) D. Occipital and parietal bones

C) C. Mandible and temporal bones

Which of the following permanent teeth occlude with only one tooth in the opposite arch, assuming ideal relations exist? A) A. Maxillary canine B) B. Maxillary first molar C) C. Mandibular central incisor D) D. Mandibular first premolar

C) C. Mandibular central incisor

Which tooth is known for its bifurcated root? A) A. Mandibular second premolar B) B. Maxillary second premolar C) C. Maxillary first premolar D) D. Mandibular first premolar

C) C. Maxillary first premolar

Bacterial organisms stain differently on the basis of: A) A. The thickness of the slime layer B) B. The thickness of the glycocalyx C) C. Permeability of their cell walls D) D. The thickness of the plaque biofilm

C) C. Permeability of their cell walls

What is the difference between renal physiology and nephrology? A) A. Renal physiology is the study of kidney disease, and nephrology is the study of kidney function B) B. Renal physiology is the treatment of kidney disease, and nephrology is the treatment of kidney function C) C. Renal physiology is the study of kidney function, and nephrology is the study of kidney disease D) D. Renal physiology is the treatment of kidney function, and nephrology is the treatment of kidney disease

C) C. Renal physiology is the study of kidney function, and nephrology is the study of kidney disease

All of the following are a function of the pancreas EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A) A. Secretion of digestive enzymes B) B. Secretion of insulin C) C. Secretion of bile D) D. Secretion of glucagon

C) C. Secretion of bile

Which of the following bitewing-size film is used to examine permanent posterior teeth of children and, when positioned vertically, can be used to examine anterior teeth in adults? A) A. Size 0 B) B. Size 1 C) C. Size 2 D) D. Size 3

C) C. Size 2

When epinephrine is added to a local anesthetic agent, all of the following occur EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A) A. Cardiac output and heart rate are increased B) B. Coronary arteries dilate causing increase in blood flow C) C. Systolic blood pressure decreases D) D. Overall decrease in cardiac efficiency occurs

C) C. Systolic blood pressure decreases

A chemical, biologic, or physical agent that causes birth defects is known as a: A) A. Gestation B) B. Carcinogen C) C. Teratogen D) D. Free radical

C) C. Teratogen

Extraoral radiographs may be used in conjunction with intraoral films. The images seen on an extraoral film are more defined or sharp than the images on an intraoral radiograph. A) A. Both statements are TRUE B) B. Both statements are FALSE C) C. The first statement is TRUE; the second statement is FALSE D) D. The first statement is FALSE; the second statement is TRUE

C) C. The first statement is TRUE; the second statement is FALSE

Common allergic foods include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A) A. Peanuts B) B. Dairy C) C. Vegetables D) D. Wheat E) E. Fish

C) C. Vegetables

In digital radiography, how do the exposure times differ from those required for conventional radiography? A) A. 10% to 20% more B) B. 10% to 20% less C) C. 50% to 80% more D) D. 50% to 80% less

D) D. 50% to 80% less

Hydrogen peroxide has been used in the oral cavity for a variety of purposes. These include all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A) A. With baking soda for toothbrushing, called the Keyes technique B) B. As an irrigation agent to get oxygen to the gingival tissues C) C. As part of tooth whitening products D) D. As an essential oil

D) D. As an essential oil

All of the following are necessary criteria for bacteria to infect the periodontium EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A) A. The host must be susceptible to periodontal pathogens B) B. Bacteria must be present in a virulent form C) C. Bacteria must be organized into complex communities to initiate disease D) D. Bacteria must be aerobic and not viable in the oral cavity

D) D. Bacteria must be aerobic and not viable in the oral cavity

The two main inorganic minerals found in supragingival calculus are: A) A. Magnesium and sodium chloride B) B. Sodium and potassium phosphate C) C. Calcium carbonate and zinc oxide D) D. Calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate

D) D. Calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate

Shingles is caused by the same virus that causes: A) A. Cold sores B) B. Mononucleosis C) C. Mumps D) D. Chickenpox E) E. Measles

D) D. Chickenpox

The attraction of new bacteria to previously attached bacteria is referred to as: A) A. Bacterial blooms B) B. Colonization C) C. Cell division D) D. Coaggregation

D) D. Coaggregation

On a health history form, a client indicates that his ankles swell, that he is short of breath after climbing one flight of stairs, and that he sleeps with two pillows. Which one of the following diseases should be suspected? A) A. Angina pectoris B) B. Hypertension C) C. Diabetes mellitus D) D. Congestive heart failure

D) D. Congestive heart failure

Which cusp on permanent molars generally is the one that gets progressively smaller as you go posterior in the arch? A) A. Mesiobuccal B) B. Distobuccal C) C. Mesiolingual D) D. Distolingual

D) D. Distolingual

Which one of the following drugs can increase the risk for developing oral candidiasis? A) A. Phenytoin (Dilantin) B) B. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) C) C. Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL) D) D. Fluticasone (Flovent)

D) D. Fluticasone (Flovent)

The type of bacterium that plays an important role in tissue destruction seen in periodontitis, has a double cell wall, and whose outer membrane contains endotoxins is: A) A. Aerobic B) B. Anaerobic C) C. Gram-positive D) D. Gram-negative

D) D. Gram-negative

All of the following are risk factors associated with osteoporosis EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A) A. Low calcium B) B. Female gender C) C. Cigarette smoking D) D. Halitosis E) Sedentary lifestyle

D) D. Halitosis

All of the following are characteristics of free gingiva EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A) A. Closely adapts around each tooth B) B. Connects with the attached gingiva C) C. Contains the free gingival groove D) D. Has a stippled surface

D) D. Has a stippled surface

All of the following is an example of retrograde cellular change EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A) A. Atrophy B) B. Degeneration C) C. Necrosis D) D. Hyperplasia

D) D. Hyperplasia

Which of the following appears as a radiopaque intersection of the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity as viewed on a dental radiograph? A) A. Nutrient canal B) B. Anterior nasal spine C) C. Zygomatic process D) D. Inverted Y

D) D. Inverted Y

All of the following are lesions palpable during an intraoral exam EXCEPT one. Which one is this EXCEPTION? A) A. Bulla B) B. Nodule C) C. Papule D) D. Macule E) E. Vesicle

D) D. Macule

In which one of the following processes does Meckel's cartilage form? A) A. Maxillary B) B. Frontal C) C. Temporal D) D. Mandibular

D) D. Mandibular

The articulating surface of the condyle rotates within the: A) A. External acoustic meatus B) B. Styloid process C) C. Coronoid notch D) D. Mandibular fossa

D) D. Mandibular fossa

To which salivary gland does the external carotid artery supply blood? A) A. Minor B) B. Sublingual C) C. Submandibular D) D. Parotid

D) D. Parotid

Overuse of nasal decongestant sprays can cause __________. A) A. Dry mouth B) B. Constipation C) C. Sedation D) D. Rebound congestion

D) D. Rebound congestion

The cellular part of the blood that caries oxygen but does not contain a nucleus comprises the: A) A. Neutrophils B) B. Basophils C) C. Monocytes D) D. Red blood cells

D) D. Red blood cells

Which one of the following drugs is NOT used for reducing anxiety? A) A. Diazepam (Valium) B) B. Paroxetine (Paxal) C) C. Escitalopram (Lexapro) D) D. Secobarbital (Seconal)

D) D. Secobarbital (Seconal)

Which of the following projections is used to evaluate fractures of the zygomatic arch and the position of the condyles and to demonstrate the base of the skull? A) A. Lateral cephalometric B) B. Posteroanterior C) C. Waters D) D. Submentovertex

D) D. Submentovertex

An individual with type AB blood can give a transfusion to an individual with: A) A. Type O blood B) B. Type A blood C) C. Type B blood D) D. Type AB blood

D) D. Type AB blood

Which of the following forms of electromagnetic radiation has the shortest wavelength? A) A. Radio waves B) B. Infrared waves C) C. Ultraviolet waves D) D. X-rays and gamma rays

D) D. X-rays and gamma rays