Body Cavities
The tracheal cartilages are posteriorly connected by the __________ muscle.
TRACHEALIS MUSCLE
The mucosa in the trachea is ________ and lined with ________ __________ and _____-_________ ______ cells.
ciliated columnar epithelium mucus-secreting goblet
The function of the lower respiratory tract is to...
conduct air to deeper lung structures
The lower respiratory tract is further divided into two sections, the __________ portion and the ___________ portion.
conducting respiratory
The trachealis muscle _________ trachea and connects the C tips of the tracheal cartilages to make an O.
contracts
Tertiary bronchi are also known as _________ bronchi
segmental bronchi
the windpipe between the larynx and the primary bronchi.
trachea 2.5 cm wide (1 inch) and 12-14 cm long (5 inches)
OTHER FUNCTIONS of the respiratory system include these 4 things.
1. gas conditioning - warming and humidification of air 2. sound production - larynx 3. olfaction - sense of smell 4. microbial defense - mainly lower tract, mucus and cilia
List the three divisions of the thoracic cavity.
1. left pleural cavity 2. right pleural cavity 3. mediastinum
Name three structures of the respiratory portion of the lower respiratory tract.
1. respiratory bronchioles 2. alveolar ducts 3. alveoli (the above structures are microscopic)
List the REGIONS WITHIN THE MEDIASTINUM (central compartment of the thorax) not in text look for pic online
1. superior 2. anterior 3. middle 4. posterior
List the 2 DIVISIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the features found in each division
1. upper respiratory tract -sphenoidal sinus -frontal sinus -nasal cavity -pharynx - throat 2. lower respiratory tract -larynx - voice box -trachea -bronchi -lungs
the secondary bronchi divide into ### ________ _______
8-10 TERTIARY BRONCHI
lung collapse (no gas exchange occurs) caused by invasion of the plural cavity by air (pneoumothorax), blood (hemothorax) or lymph (chylothorax)
Atelectasis
segments of lung tissue smaller than lobes
BRONCHOPULMONARY SEGMENTS
The main function of the respiratory system is ___ ________.
GAS EXCHANGE (O2 & CO2) by breathing.
The visceral and parietal pleural layers are continuous with each other at the _____ and _________ ________. (where visceral and parietal layers meet)
HILUM and PULMONARY LIGAMENT
Breathing involves both __________ and __________.
INHALATION (inspiration) and EXHALATION (expiration).
serous membranes are called ________ when lining a space
PARIETAL
The membrane that lines the pleural cavity itself.
PARIETAL PLEURA
The potential space between the visceral and parietal pleural layers is the _______ ______.
PLEURAL CAVITY
The right primary bronchus divides into three _________ _______ - one for each lobe
SECONDARY BRONCHI
The trachea is supported by C-shaped ________ __________ that keep trachea from collapsing during inhalation
TRACHEAL CARTILAGES
True or False The bronchial tree is inside the tissue of the lungs and not visible during lab
True
True or False The number of secondary bronchi match the # of lobes in the lung.
True
True or False The visceral pleura and parietal pleura separate thoracic cavity into 3 spaces
True
serous membranes are called _______ when covering an organ
VISCERAL
The membrane that adheres tightly to the outside of the lung
VISCERAL PLEURA
When does the Pleural cavity become a real space?
When the lung collapses allowing blood or air or fluid to fill the pleural cavity.
any abnormal (disease related) connections between serous membrane
adhesions
the ________ mediastinum lies between the sternum and pericardium and includes... It is the smallest part of mediastinum
anterior mediastinum -substernal fat
the branched system of air-conducting tubes that begins with primary bronchi and ends with tertiary bronchi.
bronchial tree
Tertiary bronchi provide air to ________________ segments of the lungs.
bronchopulmanary
The trachealis muscle is used during ________ and ________.
coughing and sneezing
There (is/is not) gas exchange in the RESPIRATORY PORTION of the lower respiratory tract.
is gas exchange
There (is/is not) gas exchange in the conducting portion of the lower respiratory tract.
is not gas exchange
serous membranes act as "_________" to hold organs in place.
ligaments
secondary bronchi are also known as _____ bronchi.
lobar bronchi
Serous membranes produce serous fluid which __________ the membranes and._______ ________.
lubricates reduces friction
Each pleural cavity is completely filled by a ____.
lung
The ___________ is the central space of the thorax between pleural cavities.
mediastinum
serous membranes are derived from ________
mesoderm
Which function of the respiratory system can be destroyed by smoking?
microbial defense
The ______ ___________ is contained within pericardium and includes the...
middle mediastinum heart
The ___________ cavity houses the heart and is within the mediastinum.
pericardial cavity where is heart? pericardial cavity, mediastinum, thoracic cavity
The dividing space between the two divisions of the respiratory system is the _______ and ______.
pharynx and larynx
Both the pleural cavities and the outer surface of the lungs are covered with a serous membrane called ______.
pleura
The trachea is located in the _________ mediastinum
posterior
The trachealis muscle is only on the _________ side of the trachea and is made of ______ muscle
posterior smooth
The _________ ___________ lies between pericardium and the posterior wall of the thorax.
posterior mediastinum
The PLEURAL CAVITY is only a _________ space in healthy people.
potential
Gas exchange between inhaled air and pulmonary circuit blood occurs in the ___________ portion of the lower respiratory tract.
respiratory portion
A thin, clear epithelial membrane which covers internal organs and lines internal cavities.
serous membrane
The ________ mediastinum lies above the sternal angle and includes...
superior mediastinum -great vessels of heart, vagus N, phrenic N
Other contents of the mediastinum include...
the esophagus, trachea, major vessels of the heart, thymus gland, etc
The ________ ______ is the upper part of the anterior body cavity, superior to the diaphragm
the thoracic cavity
The left primary bronchus divides into ___ SECONDARY BRONCHI
two (2)
The right primary bronchus is _____ and more ________ than the left.
wider vertical
