Brazil

Describe Interior Region ("positives", forward capitol, and cerrado)

"POSITIVES"- internal frontier/ total wilderness/ no production/ little population THEN BRAZIL WANTED TO MAKE ALL BRAZIL PRODUCTIVE SO: FORWARD CAPITAL- made Brasilia the new capital of Brazil in interior and pulled everybody away from coast and a lot of jobs go to the interior and create economy where there was no economy before and became the forward capital CERRADO- all the land that surrounds Brasilia -fertile savannas like the great plains. provides flat land for commercial farms because can fertilize it. -they needed a way to transport the crops so they built: Ferronorte- railroad that went south east to the ports Soy Highway- highway that went north to the Amazon River

How did African immigration impact the population statistics of Brazil?

13.5 million Afro-Brazilians - African folk themes have influenced art and music - 87 million Brazilians are a mixed race (European and African) - racial mixing has allowed more progress to be made concerning racial divisions, even though the African population still suffers discrimination

How many states/federal districts make up the federal republic of Brazil?

26 states and the federal district of Brasilia

Describe the South Region (3 countries that have contributed products and florianopolis)

3 COUNTRIES- Portugal- rice and tobacco plantations- lowest land because rice and tobacco needs to be in like swamps Germany- wheat and grain and cattle- midlands Italy- vineyards- hills/highlands they all spoke different languages and never blended but they all stopped any immigration that was not purely European and it worked because Uruguay and Argentina their neighbors were European FLORIANOPOLIS- technopole (high tech industries) -considered an island city because it functions totally different then everything around it -needs 5 things to function as a technopole: high skilled labor/ highly productive products/ global communication/ superior air travel/ government (reduce taxes) and private (high salaries) incentives

Why is Brazil considered a future superpower?

A good deal of the produce in stores worldwide come from Brazil - music has been heavily influenced by Brazilian rhythms and sounds - Brazil is considered a BRIC (biggest emerging markets) consisting of Brazil, Russia, India, and China

What is the Bolsa Familia?

A subsidy program that provides very poor families with cash to keep their children in school and to ensure their vaccinations against disease. This is so successful it has become the model for antipoverty campaigns in many other countries. Poverty rate dropped from 30% to 15% and more of the population is sharing in the wealth

Describe the North Region (amazon basin-west,east, and south- and deforestation)

AMAZON BASIN- west- rainforest- east- guiana highlands- south- brazilian highlands -(west) rubber plantations- economy- started to use Manaus for exporting- became wealthy from rubber but then they started using synthetic rubber because it was cheaper so they moved east -(east) iron ore for steel- created a company called Grande Carajas Project- intended to be next big economic boom- growth pole -(south) Polonoroeste Plan- transport goods to take things down Brazil and Bolivian border river and put them on a highway that went to the coast and was 1500 miles because they needed a way to move things to the market DEFORESTATION- creates: unproductive land/ loss of oxygen

How does Brazil rank on the world stage in size, population, and economy?

Brazil has boundaries with all of the countries in South America except Ecuador and Chile. Brazil ranks 5th in the world for land size and population (half of all of South America). It has the 9th largest economy in the world (which is industrial based). Wealth has slowed the natural increase (numbers of births and deaths). Families are have fewer children (2 instead of 4 is the average).

Describe Brazil's agricultural and industrial assets.

Brazil has more arable land than any other country. It is the largest exporter of coffee, sugar, orange juice, tobacco, beef and chicken. It is expected to displace the U.S. as the largest food exporter by 2015. Brazil creates its own biofuel from sugar cane and alcohol (gasohol) used by over ½ of all the automobiles in the country. It also has iron ore (for steel production) oil/natural gas and hydroelectric for energy resources.

How did Brazil's government change in 1989?

Brazil went from ruthless military Juntas that caused untold deaths to a democracy

Describe the Northeast Region of Brazil. (culture hearth, Sertao, and the positives)

CULTURE HEARTH- entry point for the European population who are the plantation owners and the African population who are the workers that mix with the Indians (natives) SERTAO- area in the NE with the worst poverty in all of Brazil/ has literacy rate 20% lower than Brazilian average/ 2 times the infinite mortality rate/ you must own 250 acres of land to create one productive farm because there is so much bad soil and land/ area that is most devastated from droughts from el nino (dry area) POSITIVES- area of petrochemical (alcohol and sugar) business/ have created irrigation projects to make Sertao soil better for commercial crops/built resorts on beaches to encourage tourism

What is the Acu Superport?

China the largest consumer of Brazils iron ore and steel products. Acu Superport which opened in 2012 northeast of Rio de Janeiro is the largest bulk cargo port on Earth. It can accommodate the largest ships that sail the oceans (most made in China).

Why is the Bahia State unique?

Home to Africans brought over in bondage (chains) and remained once freed - remains an outpost of African culture

Who is Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva?

Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva was the president of Brazil, elected in 2002 and served until 2010 (people did not want him to step down). He represented the Worker's Party. He unleashed Brazil agricultural and industrial potential (even though the U.S. was not in support of his programs).

What characteristics express Brazil's "national culture"?

Most all of the population is Roman Catholic and they speak a modified form of Portuguese as the common language (Brazilian) - they have a "beach" culture, appreciating outdoor living and games, as well as, enjoying music and dance

Describe the Sao Paulo State (positives and fazendas)

POSITIVES- a city that is so economically powerful/ 300 mile manufacturing corridor/ the leading industrial center in Brazil/ produces 1/2 of the country's growth domestic product (GDP) FAZENDAS- coffee plantations - worlds leading exporter of coffee (and the leading producer and exporter of orange juice concentrate)

Describe the South East Region (positives and rio de janeiro)

POSITIVES- core area/ houses the major cities/ has the greatest amount of wealth RIO DE JANEIRO- known as the gold trail because all gold miner came in through Rio de Janeiro and the gold is exported out of there - then started to become a transport network for iron ore -Rio de Janeiro is an ENTREPOT- imports, exports, and stores goods (transportation hub)

Who is Petrobas? How will their discovery impact Brazil?

Petrobas is the state-owned oil company who discovered an enormous oil reserve capable of yielding 2 billion barrels of oil. Brazil is already self-sufficient and is set to become a major exporter. Tapping these reserves has been costly and required substantial foreign investment (the U.S. has given Brazil millions of dollars for exploration).

Describe the "favela"?

½ of the population in Brazil suffers from malnutrition and hunger. Orphans and abandoned children sleep on the streets and steel for survival. Favelas (shantytowns) surround some of the most magnificent cities. The government is trying to provide land reform and education to the masses.